（旧作矾石，据郭璞注，《山海经》引作涅石）
味酸，寒。主寒热泄利，白沃阴蚀，恶创，目痛，坚筋骨齿。炼饵服之，轻身、不老、
增年。一名羽涅，生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶矾石，一名羽涅，一名羽泽，神农、岐伯∶酸；扁鹊∶咸；雷公∶酸，无
毒，生河西，或陇西，或武都、石门，采无时；岐伯∶久服伤人骨（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名羽泽，生河西，及陇西、武都、石门，采无时。
案∶《说文》无矾字，《玉篇》云∶矾，石也；涅，矾石也。《西山经》云∶女床之山，
其阴多涅石。郭璞云∶即矾石也，楚人名为涅石，秦名为羽涅也，《本草经》亦名曰涅石也，
《范子计然》云∶矾石出武都。《淮南子· 真训》云∶以涅染缁。高诱云∶
旧涅石作矾石，羽涅作羽涅，
非。
味苦寒。主五脏积热，胃张闭，涤去蓄结饮食，推陈致新，除邪气。炼之如膏，久服轻
身（《御览》引云∶一名芒硝。《大观本》作黑字）。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶硝石，神农∶苦；扁鹊∶甘（丹出掌禹锡所引，亦见《御览》者，不箸所
出）。
《名医》曰∶一名芒硝，生益州，及五都、陇西、西羌，采无时。
案∶《范子计然》云∶硝石，出陇道，据《名医》，一名芒硝，又别出芒硝条，非。《北
山经》云∶京山，其阴处有元 ，疑 即硝异文。
（旧时写作矾石，根据郭璞的注释，《山海经》中引作涅石）
味酸，性寒。主治寒热交替、腹泻痢疾、白色分泌物及阴部腐蚀溃疡、恶疮、眼痛，能坚固筋骨牙齿。经过炼制后饵服，可使人身体轻健、延缓衰老、增加寿命。又名羽涅，生长在山谷中。
《吴普》说：矾石，又名羽涅，又名羽泽。神农、岐伯认为其味酸；扁鹊认为其味咸；雷公认为其味酸，无毒，产于河西，或者陇西，或者武都、石门，采集没有固定时间；岐伯认为久服会损伤人的骨骼（见于《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》说：又名羽泽，产于河西，以及陇西、武都、石门，采集没有固定时间。
按语：《说文解字》中没有“矾”字，《玉篇》说：矾，是石头的一种；涅，就是矾石。《西山经》说：女床山的北面，盛产涅石。郭璞说：就是矾石，楚地人叫它涅石，秦地人叫它羽涅，《本草经》也称之为涅石。《范子计然》说：矾石产于武都。《淮南子·真训》说：用涅来染黑丝织品。高诱注释说：
以前把涅石写作矾石，把羽涅写作羽涅，这是错误的。
味苦，性寒。主治五脏积热，胃脘胀满闭塞，清除体内蓄积停滞的饮食，推陈出新，祛除邪气。炼制后呈膏状，长期服用可使身体轻健（《太平御览》引用说：一名芒硝。《大观本》作“黑”字）。生长在山谷中。
《吴普》说：硝石，神农认为其味苦；扁鹊认为其味甘（丹出自掌禹锡所引，也见于《太平御览》，但未注明出处）。
《名医别录》说：一名芒硝，产于益州，以及五都、陇西、西羌，采集没有固定时间。
按语：《范子计然》说：硝石产于陇道。根据《名医别录》，又名芒硝，又在芒硝条下单独列出，这是不正确的。《北山经》说：京山，其北面低洼处有元[缺字]，怀疑[缺字]即硝字的异体文。
(Previously written as Fan Shi [Alum Stone], according to Guo Pu's annotation, it is cited in the *Classic of Mountains and Seas* as Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone].)
Taste: Sour. Nature: Cold. It primarily treats alternating chills and fever, diarrhea and dysentery, white leukorrhea, erosion and ulceration of the yin organs, malignant sores, eye pain, and strengthens sinews, bones, and teeth. After refining and taking it as an electuary, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and increases longevity. Another name is Yu Nie [Feather Black Alum], growing in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Fan Shi [Alum Stone], also known as Yu Nie [Feather Black Alum] or Yu Ze [Feather Marsh]. Shennong and Qibo consider its taste sour; Bian Que considers it salty; Lei Gong considers it sour, non-toxic, produced in Hexi, or Longxi, or Wudu and Shimen, collected at any time; Qibo states that long-term consumption damages human bones (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
The *Famous Physicians' Supplemental Records* state: Also known as Yu Ze [Feather Marsh], produced in Hexi, as well as Longxi, Wudu, and Shimen, collected at any time.
Commentary: The *Shuowen Jiezi* does not contain the character "Fan". The *Yupian* states: "Fan" refers to a type of stone; "Nie" refers to Alum Stone. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Western Mountain Classic* states: On Mount Nüchuang, the northern slopes are abundant with Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone]. Guo Pu says: This is exactly Alum Stone; people in Chu call it Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone], and people in Qin call it Yu Nie [Feather Black Alum]. The *Ben Cao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica] also names it Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone]. The *Fanzi Jiran* states: Alum Stone is produced in Wudu. The *Huainanzi · Zhenxun* states: Using Nie to dye black silk fabrics. Gao You annotates: Previously writing Nie Shi as Fan Shi, and Yu Nie as Yu Nie, is incorrect.
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. It primarily treats accumulated heat in the five zang organs, gastric distension and closure, washes away accumulated and stagnant food, pushes out the old to bring forth the new, and eliminates pathogenic factors. Refined into a paste, long-term consumption lightens the body (cited in *Taiping Yulan*: Another name is Mang Xiao [Mirabilite]. The *Daguan Edition* writes "Hei" [Black]). Growing in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Xiao Shi [Niter], Shennong considers its taste bitter; Bian Que considers it sweet (Dan is cited from Zhang Yuxi, also seen in *Taiping Yulan*, but the source is not recorded).
The *Famous Physicians' Supplemental Records* state: Another name is Mang Xiao [Mirabilite], produced in Yizhou, as well as Wudu, Longxi, and Xiqiang, collected at any time.
Commentary: The *Fanzi Jiran* states: Xiao Shi [Niter] is produced in Longdao. According to the *Famous Physicians' Supplemental Records*, it is also named Mang Xiao [Mirabilite], yet Mang Xiao is listed separately under its own entry, which is incorrect. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Northern Mountain Classic* states: At Mount Jing, there is Yuan [missing character] in the low-lying areas on the north side; it is suspected that [missing character] is a variant character for Xiao [Niter].