味辛，寒。主身热，利胃解烦，益精明目，破积聚，去三虫。一名石立制石。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶一名饥石，如石膏，顺理而细。生汉中及卢山。采无时。
味辛，寒。主身热，四肢寒厥，利小便，通血脉，明目，去翳眇，下三虫，杀蛊毒。久
服，不饥。一名方石。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶长石，一名方石，一名直石。生长子山谷。如马齿，润泽，玉色长
鲜。服之，不饥（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名土石，一名直石。理如马齿，方而润泽，玉色。生长子山及
太山临淄，采无时。
味辛，平。主蛊毒及蛇、菜、肉诸毒，恶创。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名推青，一名推石，生益州。
案∶陶弘景云∶俗方及《仙经》，并无用此者，亦相与不复识。
上玉石，中品一十四种。旧十六种。考铁落、铁，宜与铁精为一。
味辛，温。主胸满咳逆上气，温中止血，出汗，逐风湿痹，肠 ，下利。生者，尤良。
久服，去臭气、通神明。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生楗为及荆、扬州。九月采。
案∶《说文》云∶姜，御湿之菜也。《广雅》云∶ ，廉姜也。《吕氏春秋·本味篇》
和之美者，阳朴之姜。高诱
注∶阳朴，地名，在蜀郡。司马相如《上林赋》，有茈姜云
味甘，温。主风头寒痛，风湿周痹，四肢拘挛痛，恶肉死肌。久服益气，耳目聪明，强
志轻身。一名胡 ，一名地葵。生
《名医》曰∶一名 ，一名常思，生安陆及六安田野，实熟时采。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，卷耳也；苓，卷耳也。《广雅》云∶苓耳， ，常 ，胡 ，
耳也。《尔雅》云∶苍耳，苓耳。郭璞云∶江东呼为常 ，形似鼠耳，丛生如盘。《毛诗》
云∶采采卷耳。《传》云∶卷耳，苓耳也。陆玑云∶叶青，白色，似胡荽，白花，细茎蔓生
。可煮为茹，滑而少味；四月中生子，正如妇人耳 ，今或谓之耳 草。郑康成谓是白胡荽
，幽州人谓之爵耳。《淮南子·览冥训》云∶位贱尚 。高诱云∶ 者， 耳，菜名也。幽
冀谓之檀菜，雒下谓之胡 。
【理石】
味辛，性寒。主治身体发热，通利胃气以解除烦闷，补益精气、明亮双目，破除体内积聚之物，驱除三种寄生虫。又名石立制石。生长于山谷之中。
《名医别录》记载：又名饥石，形状像石膏，纹理顺直且质地细腻。产于汉中及庐山。采集没有固定时间。
【长石】
味辛，性寒。主治身体发热，四肢寒冷厥逆，通利小便，疏通血脉，明亮双目，去除眼翳遮蔽，向下排出三种寄生虫，杀灭蛊毒。长期服用，可以使人不感到饥饿。又名方石。生长于山谷之中。
《吴普本草》记载：长石，又名方石，又名直石。产生长子县的山谷中。形状像马齿草，质地润泽，颜色如玉般鲜亮。服用它，可以使人不感到饥饿（引自《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：又名土石，又名直石。纹理像马齿，方正而润泽，颜色如玉。产生长子山及泰山临淄地区，采集没有固定时间。
【推青/推石】
味辛，性平。主治蛊毒以及蛇毒、菜毒、肉毒等各种毒素，以及恶性的疮疡。生长于川谷之中。
《名医别录》记载：又名推青，又名推石，产于益州。
按语：陶弘景说：世俗的医方及《仙经》中，都没有使用此药的记载，人们也互相不再认识它了。
以上玉石类药材，属于中品，共十四种。旧本为十六种。考证认为铁落、铁，应当与铁精归为一类。
【干姜】
味辛，性温。主治胸中胀满、咳嗽气逆向上，温暖中焦并止血，发汗，驱逐风湿痹痛，治疗肠中冷痛（注：原文“肠 ”缺字，据上下文推测为肠寒或肠痛），以及腹泻。新鲜的生姜，效果更佳。
长期服用，可以去除口臭，通达神明。生长于川谷之中。
《名医别录》记载：产于楗为郡及荆州、扬州。九月采集。
按语：《说文解字》说：姜，是抵御湿气的蔬菜。《广雅》说：姜，即廉姜。《吕氏春秋·本味篇》说：美味中的上品，是阳朴地方的姜。高诱注释：阳朴，是地名，位于蜀郡。司马相如的《上林赋》中提到有紫姜。
【耳实（苍耳）】
味甘，性温。主治头部风邪引起的头痛，周身风湿痹痛，四肢拘挛疼痛，以及恶肉死肌。长期服用可以补气益力，使耳目聪明，意志坚强，身体轻健。又名胡 ，又名地葵。生长情况不详（原文此处可能有脱漏，通常指生田野）。
《名医别录》记载：又名 ，又名常思，产于安陆及六安的田野，果实成熟时采集。
按语：《说文解字》说： ，即卷耳；苓，也是卷耳。《广雅》说：苓耳， ，常 ，胡 ，都是耳类植物。《尔雅》说：苍耳，又称苓耳。郭璞说：江东地区称为常 ，形状像老鼠耳朵，丛生如盘状。《毛诗》说：采采卷耳。《传》说：卷耳，就是苓耳。陆玑说：叶子青色，背面白色，像胡荽，开白花，细茎蔓生。可以煮着吃，口感滑嫩但味道淡；四月中结籽，形状正像妇人的耳朵，现在有人称之为耳 草。郑康成认为这是白胡荽，幽州人称之为爵耳。《淮南子·览冥训》说：地位低贱的人尚且食用 。高诱说： 是 耳，是一种蔬菜名。幽冀地区称为檀菜，洛阳一带称为胡 。
[Lishi]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature. It primarily treats body heat, promotes stomach function to relieve irritability, benefits essence and brightens the eyes, breaks up accumulations, and eliminates three types of parasites. Also known as Shilizhishi (Stone Stand-Regulate Stone). Grows in mountain valleys.
*The Famous Physicians' Records* states: Also known as Jishi (Hunger Stone), resembling Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), with straight and fine grain. Produced in Hanzhong and Lushan. Can be harvested at any time.
[Changshi]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature. It primarily treats body heat, cold reversal of the four limbs, promotes urination, unblocks blood vessels, brightens the eyes, removes eye opacities, expels three types of parasites downward, and kills gu poison. Long-term consumption prevents hunger. Also known as Fangshi (Square Stone). Grows in mountain valleys.
*Wu Pu's Materia Medica* states: Changshi is also known as Fangshi or Zhishi. Grows in the valleys of Changzi County. Resembles Portulaca oleracea (Ma Chi Xian) in shape, moist and lustrous, with a fresh jade-like color. Consuming it prevents hunger (cited from *Taiping Yulan*).
*The Famous Physicians' Records* states: Also known as Tushi or Zhishi. The grain resembles that of Portulaca oleracea, square and moist, with a jade-like color. Grows in Changzi Mountain and Linzi near Mount Tai. Can be harvested at any time.
[Tuiqing/Tuishi]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats gu poison as well as various toxins from snakes, vegetables, and meat, and malignant sores. Grows in river valleys.
*The Famous Physicians' Records* states: Also known as Tuiqing or Tuishi, produced in Yizhou.
Note: Tao Hongjing said: Neither secular prescriptions nor the *Immortal Classics* use this herb, and people no longer recognize it among themselves.
The above minerals belong to the Middle Grade, totaling fourteen species. The old edition had sixteen species. Examination suggests that Tie Luo (Iron Filings) and Tie (Iron) should be categorized together with Tie Jing (Iron Essence).
[Ganjiang]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. It primarily treats chest fullness, coughing with rebellious qi, warms the middle jiao and stops bleeding, induces sweating, expels wind-damp bi syndrome, treats intestinal cold/pain, and diarrhea. Fresh Ginger (Sheng Jiang) is particularly effective.
Long-term consumption removes bad breath and clarifies the spirit. Grows in river valleys.
*The Famous Physicians' Records* states: Produced in Jianwei Commandery, Jingzhou, and Yangzhou. Harvested in the ninth month.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Ginger is a vegetable that wards off dampness. *Guangya* states: Ginger is Lianjiang. *Lüshi Chunqiu · Benwei Chapter* states: Among the finest flavors are the ginger from Yangpu. Gao You's annotation: Yangpu is a place name located in Shu Commandery. Sima Xiangru's *Shanglin Fu* mentions Zi Jiang (Purple Ginger).
[Ersi (Cang'er)]
Sweet in flavor, warm in nature. It primarily treats headache caused by wind-cold in the head, wind-damp bi pain throughout the body, spasmodic pain in the four limbs, and necrotic flesh/dead muscle. Long-term consumption tonifies qi, makes ears and eyes clear, strengthens willpower, and lightens the body. Also known as Hu , also known as Di Kui. [Growth location text missing/corrupted].
*The Famous Physicians' Records* states: Also known as , also known as Changsi, produced in the fields of Anlu and Lu'an. Harvested when the fruits are ripe.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: , refers to Erigeron acer (Juan'er); Ling also refers to Juan'er. *Guangya* states: Ling'er, , Chang, Hu, are all types of Ear-grass. *Erya* states: Cang'er is also called Ling'er. Guo Pu said: In the Jiangdong region, it is called Chang, resembling a mouse's ear, growing in clusters like a plate. *Mao Shi* says: Gathering Juan'er. The Commentary says: Juan'er is Ling'er. Lu Ji said: Leaves are green on top and white underneath, resembling Coriandrum sativum (Huisui), with white flowers and thin creeping stems. It can be boiled as a vegetable, slippery with little taste; seeds form in mid-April, shaped exactly like a woman's ear, now sometimes called Ercao. Zheng Kangcheng considered it to be White Huisui, and people in Youzhou call it Jue'er. *Huainanzi · Lanming Xun* states: Those of low status still eat . Gao You said: is Er'er, a type of vegetable. In Youji, it is called Tancai; in Luoyang, it is called Hu .