味苦，温。主女子寒热、症瘕、目闭、积聚。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶白垩，一名白 （《一切经音义》）。
《名医》曰∶一名白善。生邯郸。采无时。
案∶《说文》云∶垩，白涂也。《中山经》云∶葱聋之山，是多白垩。
味辛，微温。主黑子，去疣、息肉、疽蚀、疥瘙。一名藜灰。生川泽。
《名医》曰∶生方谷。
味辛，平。主身痒、火创，痈伤、疥瘙、死肌。一名石珠。生平泽。
《名医》曰∶一名青珠，生蜀郡，采无时。
案∶《说文》云∶琅 ，似珠者，古文作。《禹贡》云∶雍州贡与KT 琳琅 。郑云∶
琅
上玉、石，下品九种。旧十二种，粉锡、锡镜鼻为二，戎盐、大盐、卤盐为非，三考
当各为一。
味辛，温。主风寒咳逆邪气，温中，金创，破症坚积聚，血瘕，寒湿， （《御览》作
痿） 拘挛，脚痛不能行步（《御览》引云∶为百药之长。《大观本》作黑字）。生山
《吴普》曰∶附子，一名莨，神农∶辛；岐伯、雷公∶甘，有毒；李氏∶苦，有毒，大
温。或生广汉。八月采。皮黑，肥白（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生楗为及广汉东。月采，为附子；春采，为乌头（《御览》）。
案∶《范子计然》云∶附子，出蜀武都中。白色者，善。
味辛，温。主中内、恶风洗洗，出汗，除寒湿痹，咳逆上气，破积聚、寒热。其汁，煎
之，名射罔，杀禽兽。一名奚毒，一名即子，一名乌喙。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶乌头，一名莨，一名千狄，一名毒公，一名卑负（《御览》作果负），一名
耿子。神农、雷公、桐君、黄帝∶甘，有毒。正月始生，叶浓，茎方，中空，叶四四相当，
与蒿相似。又云∶乌喙，神农、雷公、桐君、黄帝∶有毒；李氏∶小寒，十月采，形如乌
头，有两岐相合，如乌之喙，名曰乌喙也。所畏、恶、使，尽与乌头同。一名 子，一名莨
。神农、岐伯∶有大毒；李氏∶大寒。八月采，阴干。是附子角之大者，畏、恶与附子同（
《御览》。
《名医》曰∶生郎陵。正月、二月采，阴干。长三寸以上，为天雄。
按∶《说文》云∶ ，乌喙也。《尔雅》云∶芨，堇草。郭璞云∶即乌头也，江东呼为堇。
《范子计然》云∶乌头，出三辅中，白者，善。《国语》云∶骊姬置堇于肉。韦昭云∶堇，
乌头也。《淮南子·主术训》云∶莫凶于鸡毒，高诱云∶鸡毒，乌头也。按∶鸡毒，即奚毒；
即子，即
【白垩】
味苦，性温。主治女子寒热往来、症瘕（腹内结块）、目闭（眼睑闭合不开）、积聚（体内气滞血瘀形成的包块）。生长在山谷中。
《吴普》说：白垩，又名白 （《一切经音义》记载）。
《名医别录》说：又名白善。产于邯郸。采集没有固定时间。
考证：《说文解字》说：垩，是白色的涂料。《中山经》说：葱聋山，盛产白垩。
【藜灰】
味辛，性微温。主治黑痣，去除疣赘、息肉、疽蚀（溃烂的疮疡）、疥瘙（疥疮瘙痒）。又名藜灰。生长在川泽之中。
《名医别录》说：产于方谷。
【石珠】
味辛，性平。主治身体瘙痒、火创（火烧伤）、痈伤（痈肿创伤）、疥瘙、死肌（坏死的肌肉组织）。又名石珠。生长于平原沼泽地带。
《名医别录》说：又名青珠，产于蜀郡，采集没有固定时间。
考证：《说文解字》说：琅 ，像珠子一样的东西，古文写作“ ”。《禹贡》说：雍州进贡与KT 琳琅 。郑玄注云：琅 属于上等的玉石和石头，下品有九种。旧说是十二种，粉锡和锡镜鼻算作两种，戎盐、大盐、卤盐不算在内，经过三次考证应当各自算作一种。
【附子】
味辛，性温。主治风寒引起的咳嗽气逆等邪气，温暖中焦，治疗金创（金属利器造成的创伤），破除坚硬的症瘕积聚、血瘕（血瘀形成的包块）、寒湿，以及痿软拘挛、脚痛不能行走（《太平御览》引文作：为百药之长。《大观本草》本作“黑”字）。生长在山中。
《吴普》说：附子，又名莨，神农氏认为味辛；岐伯、雷公认为味甘，有毒；李氏认为味苦，有毒，性大温。有的产于广汉。八月采集。皮黑，肉肥白（《太平御览》记载）。
《名医别录》说：产于楗为及广汉东部。冬季采集称为附子；春季采集称为乌头（《太平御览》记载）。
考证：《范子计然》说：附子，出产于蜀地武都山中。白色的品质好。
【乌头】
味辛，性温。主治中恶（感受秽浊之气）、恶风瑟瑟、出汗，祛除寒湿痹痛，治疗咳嗽气逆上冲，破除积聚、寒热。其汁液煎煮后，名为射罔，可用来毒杀禽兽。又名奚毒，又名即子，又名乌喙。生长在山谷中。
《吴普》说：乌头，又名莨，又名千狄，又名毒公，又名卑负（《太平御览》作果负），又名耿子。神农氏、雷公、桐君、黄帝认为味甘，有毒。正月开始生长，叶子浓密，茎方形，中空，叶子四四相对，形状与蒿草相似。又说：乌喙，神农氏、雷公、桐君、黄帝认为有毒；李氏认为性小寒，十月采集，形状像乌头，有两个分枝合在一起，像乌鸦的嘴，名叫乌喙。其所畏、所恶、所使的药物，都与乌头相同。又名 子，又名莨 。神农氏、岐伯认为有大毒；李氏认为性大寒。八月采集，阴干。这是附子角中较大的部分，其畏、恶关系与附子相同（《太平御览》记载）。
《名医别录》说：产于郎陵。正月、二月采集，阴干。长度在三寸以上的，称为天雄。
按语：《说文解字》说： ，就是乌喙。《尔雅》说：芨，是堇草。郭璞注说：就是乌头，江东地区叫它堇。《范子计然》说：乌头，出产于三辅地区，白色的品质好。《国语》说：骊姬在肉中放置堇。韦昭注说：堇，就是乌头。《淮南子·主术训》说：没有比鸡毒更凶险的了，高诱注说：鸡毒，就是乌头。按语：鸡毒，就是奚毒；即子，就是……
[White Kaolin (Baie)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Warm. Indications: Women's chills and fever, zheng jia (abdominal masses), closed eyes, ji ju (accumulations and collections). Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Baie is also known as Bai [character missing] (recorded in *Yiqie Jing Yinyi*).
*Nameyi* states: Also known as Baishan. Produced in Handan. Harvesting has no fixed time.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "E" refers to white plaster. *Zhongshan Jing* states: "Conglong Mountain is rich in Baie."
[Lihui / Ash of Chenopodium]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Slightly warm. Indications: Black spots, removal of warts, polyps, ju shi (ulcerating sores), jie sao (scabies with itching). Also known as Lihui. Grows in rivers and marshes.
*Nameyi* states: Produced in Fanggu.
[Shizhu / Stone Pearl]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Body itching, fire wounds, yong shang (abscess trauma), jie sao (scabies with itching), si ji (necrotic muscle tissue). Also known as Shizhu. Grows in plains and marshes.
*Nameyi* states: Also known as Qingzhu, produced in Shu Commandery. Harvesting has no fixed time.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Lang [character missing]" resembles pearls; the ancient script writes it as "[character missing]". *Yu Gong* states: "Yongzhou offers Yu KT Langlin." Zheng Xuan notes: "Lang [character missing]" belongs to superior jade and stones; there are nine inferior types. The old count was twelve types; Fenxi (powdered tin) and Xinjingbi (tin mirror nose) were counted as two; Rongyan (military salt), Dayan (large salt), and Luyan (halite) were excluded. After three examinations, each should be counted separately.
[Fuzi / Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Indications: Wind-cold cough and rebellious qi due to evil pathogens, warms the middle jiao, treats metal injuries (trauma from sharp objects), breaks hard zheng jian accumulations, xue jia (blood stasis masses), cold-dampness, wei luan (flaccidity and spasms), and foot pain preventing walking (*Taiping Yulan* cites: "It is the chief of all medicines." *Daguan Bencao* originally had the character "Hei" [black]). Grows in mountains.
Wu Pu states: Fuzi is also known as Liang. Shen Nong: Pungent; Qibo and Leigong: Sweet, toxic; Li Shi: Bitter, toxic, greatly warm. Some are produced in Guanghan. Harvested in August. Skin is black, flesh is plump and white (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Nameyi* states: Produced in Jianwei and eastern Guanghan. Harvested in winter months as Fuzi; harvested in spring months as Wutou (*Taiping Yulan*).
Note: *Fanzi Jiran* states: Fuzi is produced in Wudu, Shu. White ones are of good quality.
[Wutou / Aconiti Radix]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Indications: Zhong nei (internal attack by foul qi), aversion to wind with shivering, sweating, dispels cold-damp bi syndrome, cough and rebellious qi, breaks accumulations and cold-heat patterns. Its juice, when boiled, is named She Wang, used to kill birds and beasts. Also known as Xi Du, also known as Ji Zi, also known as Wu Hui. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Wutou is also known as Liang, also known as Qiandi, also known as Dougong, also known as Beifu (*Taiping Yulan* reads Guofu), also known as Gengzi. Shen Nong, Leigong, Tongjun, Huangdi: Sweet, toxic. Begins growing in the first lunar month; leaves are dense, stem is square and hollow, leaves are arranged in fours opposite each other, resembling mugwort. It is also said: Wu Hui, Shen Nong, Leigong, Tongjun, Huangdi: Toxic; Li Shi: Slightly cold, harvested in the tenth lunar month. Shape resembles Wutou, with two branches merging like a crow's beak, named Wu Hui. Its fears, aversions, and interactions are the same as Wutou. Also known as [character missing] Zi, also known as Liang [character missing]. Shen Nong, Qibo: Greatly toxic; Li Shi: Greatly cold. Harvested in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade. This is the larger horn part of Fuzi; its fears and aversions are the same as Fuzi (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Nameyi* states: Produced in Langling. Harvested in the first and second lunar months, dried in shade. Those longer than three cun are called Tianxiong.
Commentary: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "[Character missing]" is Wu Hui. *Erya* states: "Ji" is Jin Cao. Guo Pu notes: It is Wutou, called Jin in Jiangdong. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Wutou is produced in Sanfu region; white ones are good. *Guoyu* states: "Liji placed Jin in the meat." Wei Zhao notes: "Jin" is Wutou. *Huainanzi · Zhushu Xun* states: "Nothing is more vicious than Jidu." Gao You notes: "Jidu" is Wutou. Note: Jidu is Xi Du; Ji Zi is...