味苦，平。主暴中风，身热肢满，忽忽不知人，狂惑，邪气，寒热酸 ，温疟洗洗，发
作有时。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名白幕，一名薇草，一名春草，一名骨美。生平原。三月三日
采根，阴干。
味辛，寒。主暴热身痒（《艺文类聚》《初学记》痒，此是），下水气，胜酒，长须发（《艺
文类聚》作乌发），消渴。久服，轻身。一名水华（《艺文类聚》引云∶一名水廉）。生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶水萍，一名水廉。生泽水上。叶员小，一茎一叶，根入水。五月花白，三
月采，晒干（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一始水白，一名水苏。生雷泽。三月采，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶苹， 也，无根，浮水而生者。萍，苹也。KT ，大萍也。《广雅》
云∶
KT，萍也。《夏小正》云∶七月湟潦生苹。《尔雅》云∶萍， 。郭璞云∶水中浮萍，江
东谓之KT 。又其大者， 。《毛诗》云∶于以采 。《传》云∶ ，大萍也。《范子计然》
曰∶水萍，出三辅。色青者，善。《淮南子·原道训》云∶萍树根于水。高诱云∶萍，大
也。
味苦，寒。主消渴内痹瘀血，月闭，寒热，酸疼，益气，俞聋。一名土瓜。生平泽。
《名医》曰∶生鲁地田野及人家坦墙间。三月采根，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，王 也。《广雅》云∶葵茹、瓜 ，王瓜也。《夏小正》云∶四月
王
郭璞云∶钩， 也，一名王瓜，实如 瓜，正赤，味苦。《月令》∶王瓜生。郑元云∶《月
令》云王 生。孔颖达云∶疑王 ，则王瓜也。《管子·地员篇》剽土之次曰五沙，其种大
细 ，白茎青秀以蔓。《本草图经》云∶大 ，即王 也。芴，亦谓之土瓜，自
【白薇】
味苦，性平。主治突然发作的中风，身体发热、四肢胀满，神情恍惚、不认识人，狂乱迷惑，以及邪气侵袭引起的寒热酸痛，还有定时发作的温疟（一种以高热、寒战为特征的疟疾）。生长在川谷地带。
《名医别录》记载：又名白幕，又名薇草，又名春草，又名骨美。生长在平原地区。三月三日采集根部，阴干备用。
【水萍】
味辛，性寒。主治突发高热、皮肤瘙痒（据《艺文类聚》《初学记》，此处“痒”字正确），利水下气，解酒毒，促进须发生长（《艺文类聚》作“使头发变黑”），治疗消渴症。长期服用，可使身体轻盈。又名水华（《艺文类聚》引文称：又名水廉）。生长在池塘沼泽中。
《吴普本草》记载：水萍，又名水廉。生长在水泽之上。叶子圆小，一茎一叶，根深入水中。五月开白花，三月采集，晒干（据《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：一名始水白，一名水苏。生长在雷泽。三月采集，曝晒干燥。
考证：《说文解字》说：苹，是荇菜一类，无根，浮水而生的植物。萍，就是苹。KT（音同“萍”的大者），是大萍。《广雅》说：KT，就是萍。《夏小正》说：七月浑浊积水处生出苹。《尔雅》说：萍，是一种水草。郭璞注：水中的浮萍，江东地区称为KT。其中较大的那种，称为“”。《毛诗》说：到哪里去采“”。《传》注说：“”，是大萍。《范子计然》说：水萍出产于三辅地区。颜色青绿的，品质好。《淮南子·原道训》说：萍树根于水。高诱注：萍，是大萍。
【王瓜】
味苦，性寒。主治消渴症、体内痹阻瘀血，月经闭止，寒热往来，肌肉酸痛，益气，治疗耳聋。又名土瓜。生长在池泽平地。
《名医别录》记载：生长在鲁地田野及人家平坦的墙间。三月采集根部，阴干备用。
考证：《说文解字》说：，是王瓜。《广雅》说：葵茹、瓜，都是王瓜。《夏小正》说：四月王瓜……郭璞注：钩，是……，又名王瓜，果实像瓠瓜，正红色，味苦。《月令》说：王瓜生。郑玄注：《月令》说王瓜生。孔颖达注：疑王瓜，即王瓜也。《管子·地员篇》剽土之次曰五沙，其种大细，白茎青秀以蔓。《本草图经》说：大，即王瓜也。芴，亦谓之土瓜，自……
[Baiwei (Cynanchum atratum)]
Bitter, neutral. Primarily treats sudden onset of wind-stroke, fever with limb fullness, mental confusion with inability to recognize people, mania and delirium, pathogenic factors causing alternating cold and heat with soreness, and warm-malaria (a type of malaria characterized by high fever and chills) occurring at regular intervals. Grows in river valleys.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Also known as Baimu, Weicao, Chuncuo, and Gumei. Grows in plains. Roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
[Shuiping (Wolffia arrhiza / Lemna minor)]
Pungent, cold. Primarily treats sudden high fever and skin itching (according to *Yiwen Leiju* and *Chuxue Ji*, the character "itching" is correct here), promotes urination to drain water qi, counteracts alcohol intoxication, promotes growth of beard and hair (recorded as "darkens hair" in *Yiwen Leiju*), treats xiao-ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Long-term use lightens the body. Also known as Shuihua (cited in *Yiwen Leiju* as: also known as Shuilian). Grows in ponds and marshes.
*Wu Pu's Materia Medica* states: Shuiping, also known as Shuilian. Grows on the surface of marshes. Leaves are round and small, one stem bears one leaf, roots enter the water. White flowers appear in the fifth lunar month; harvested in the third lunar month and sun-dried (according to *Taiping Yulan*).
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: One name is Shibai, another is Shuisu. Grows in Leize. Harvested in the third lunar month and dried in the sun.
Research note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Ping refers to a plant like Xing, without roots, floating on water. Ping is synonymous with Ping. KT (pronounced similarly to 'ping' but referring to larger varieties) is large duckweed. *Guangya* states: KT is ping. *Xiaoxiaozheng* states: In the seventh month, ping grows in stagnant pools. *Erya* states: Ping is an aquatic plant. Guo Pu comments: Floating duckweed in water is called KT in the Jiangdong region. The larger variety is called "". *Mao Shi* states: Where to gather "?". The Commentary states: "" is large duckweed. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Shuiping originates from the Sanchu region. Those with green color are superior. *Huainanzi · Yuandao Xun* states: Duckweed roots itself in water. Gao You comments: Ping is large duckweed.
[Wagua (Trichosanthes cucumerina)]
Bitter, cold. Primarily treats xiao-ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), internal bi-syndrome with blood stasis, amenorrhea, alternating cold and heat, muscle soreness, tonifies qi, and treats deafness. Also known as Tugua. Grows in marshes and flatlands.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in fields of Lu territory and between walls of houses. Roots are harvested in the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
Research note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Is Wagua. *Guangya* states: Kui ru and Gua are both Wagua. *Xiaoxiaozheng* states: In the fourth month, Wagua... Guo Pu comments: Gou is..., also known as Wagua, fruit resembling a bottle gourd, bright red, bitter taste. *Yueling* states: Wagua grows. Zheng Xuan comments: *Yueling* states Wagua grows. Kong Yingda comments: Suspecting Wagua, it is indeed Wagua. *Guanzi · Diyuan Pian* mentions: For slippery soil, the fifth category is Sha, its seeds are large and fine, with white stems, green flowers, and creeping vines. *Bencao Tujing* states: Da is Wagua. Wu is also called Tugua, self...