味甘，微寒。主筋急，拘挛不可屈神，风湿痹，下气。久服，轻身、益气。其根，下三
虫。一名解蠡。生平泽及田野。
《名医》曰∶一名屋 ，一名起实，一名赣。生真定。八月采实；采根，无时。
案∶《说文》云∶KT ，KT ，一曰KT 英。赣，一曰薏 。《广雅》云∶赣，起实
，KT 目也。《吴越春秋》∶鲧娶于有莘氏之女，名曰女嬉，年壮未孳，嬉于砥山，得薏苡
面而吞之，意若为人所感，因而妊孕。《后汉书·马援传》∶援在交趾，常饵薏苡实，用能轻
身、省欲
味甘，寒。主风寒湿痹，乳难。消水，养五脏，益气力，肥健。久服，耳目聪明，不饥、
延、轻身，面生光，能行水上。一名水泻，一名芒芋，一名鹄泻。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶生汝南，五、六、八月采根，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，水写也；《尔雅》云∶ 。郭璞云∶今泽泻，又 ，牛肤。郭璞
云∶《毛诗传》云水 也，如续断，寸寸有节，拔之可复。《毛诗》云∶言采其 。《传》云∶
，水写也。陆玑云∶今泽写也。其叶如车前草大，其味亦相似，徐州广陵人食之。
味苦，温。主咳逆伤中，补不足，除邪气，利九窍，益智慧，耳目聪明，不忘，强志倍
力。久服，轻身、不老。叶名小草，一名棘菀（陆德明《尔雅音义》引作苋），一名 绕（《御
览》作要绕），一名细草。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生太山及冤句。四月采根、叶，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，棘 也。《广雅》云∶ 苑，远志也。其上谓之小草。《尔雅》云∶
绕， 。郭璞云∶今远志也，似麻黄，赤华，叶锐而黄。
薏苡仁：味甘，性微寒。主治筋脉拘急、肢体挛缩不能屈伸，风湿痹痛，以及降气。长期服用，能使身体轻便、益气。其根部，能驱除三种寄生虫。又名解蠡。生长于湖泊沼泽及田野间。
《名医别录》记载：又名屋（注：此处原文可能有误或为异体字，通常指“玉”或特定别名，依原文直译），又名起实，又名赣。产于真定。八月采集果实；采集根部，随时均可。
考证：《说文解字》说：“薏，薏苡也，一说薏英。”赣，一说即薏苡。《广雅》说：“赣，即起实，薏苡目（指薏苡的果实）。”《吴越春秋》记载：鲧娶有莘氏的女儿，名叫女嬉，正值壮年尚未生育，在砥山游玩时，捡到薏苡果实在嘴里吞下，感觉像是被神灵感应，因而怀孕。《后汉书·马援传》记载：马援在交趾时，常食用薏苡果实，因此能够身体轻便、减少欲望。
泽泻：味甘，性寒。主治风寒湿痹，乳汁不通。利水消肿，滋养五脏，益气力，使身体肥壮强健。长期服用，耳目聪明，不感饥饿，延年益寿，身体轻便，面色光泽，甚至能在水上行走。又名水泻，又名芒芋，又名鹄泻。生长于池塘沼泽。
《名医别录》记载：产于汝南，五、六、八月采集根部，阴干。
考证：《说文解字》说：“泽泻，水写也（意为水流泻出）；《尔雅》说：‘泽泻’。郭璞说：现在的泽泻，又名为牛肤。郭璞又说：《毛诗传》说它是水写（泽泻），像续断一样，一寸一节，拔出来还能恢复原状。《毛诗》说：‘采它的泽泻。’《传》说：‘泽泻，是水写。’陆玑说：现在的泽泻。它的叶子像车前草那么大，味道也相似，徐州广陵人食用它。”
远志：味苦，性温。主治咳嗽气逆、损伤中焦，补益不足，祛除邪气，通利九窍，增进智慧，使耳目聪明，不忘事，意志坚定，体力倍增。长期服用，身体轻便，不老。叶子名为小草，又名棘菀（陆德明《尔雅音义》引作苋），又名绕（《太平御览》作要绕），又名细草。生长于山川河谷。
《名医别录》记载：产于泰山及冤句。四月采集根和叶，阴干。
考证：《说文解字》说：“远志，棘苑也。《广雅》说：‘苑，就是远志。’它的地上部分称为小草。《尔雅》说：‘绕，远志。’郭璞说：现在的远志，形状像麻黄，开红花，叶子尖锐而呈黄色。”
Coicis Semen (Yiyiren): Sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature. It primarily treats tendon tension, spasms with inability to flex and extend, wind-dampness bi-syndrome, and descends qi. Long-term consumption lightens the body and benefits qi. Its root expels three types of parasites. Also known as Jielie (解蠡). Grows in marshes, ponds, and fields.
*The Classic of Famous Physicians* records: Also known as Wu (屋), also known as Qishi (起实), also known as Gan (赣). Produced in Zhending. Harvest the seeds in August; harvest the root at any time.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Yi, Coicis seed; alternatively, Yi Ying." Gan is alternatively Coicis seed. *Guaya* states: "Gan is Qishi, the fruit of Coicis." *Wuyue Chunqiu* records: Gun married a daughter of the Youxin clan, named Nuxi. In her prime, before bearing children, she played on Dishan Mountain, picked up a Coicis seed, swallowed it, felt as if influenced by a spirit, and consequently became pregnant. *Book of Later Han · Biography of Ma Yuan* records: While in Jiaozhi, Ma Yuan often consumed Coicis seeds, which enabled him to lighten his body and reduce desires.
Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie): Sweet in taste, cold in nature. It primarily treats wind-cold-dampness bi-syndrome and difficult lactation. It promotes urination to eliminate water retention, nourishes the five zang organs, benefits qi and strength, and makes the body robust. Long-term consumption clarifies the ears and eyes, prevents hunger, extends life, lightens the body, brightens the complexion, and was traditionally believed to enable walking on water. Also known as Shuixie (水泻), also known as Mangyu (芒芋), also known as Hexie (鹄泻). Grows in ponds and marshes.
*The Classic of Famous Physicians* records: Produced in Runan. Harvest the root in the fifth, sixth, and eighth lunar months, and dry it in the shade.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Zexie means water flowing out"; *Erya* states: "Zexie." Guo Pu says: The current Zexie is also called Niufu (牛肤). Guo Pu further says: *Mao Shi Zhuan* states it is Shuixie (water flow), resembling Duanxuan (Achyranthes bidentata), having nodes every inch, and restoring itself when pulled. *Mao Shi* states: "Gathering its Zexie." The *Zhuan* commentary states: "Zexie is Shuixie." Lu Ji says: The current Zexie. Its leaves are as large as those of Plantaginis Seed (Cheqiancao), and its taste is similar; people in Xuzhou and Guangling consume it.
Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi): Bitter in taste, warm in nature. It primarily treats cough with reverse flow of qi, damage to the middle jiao, tonifies deficiencies, eliminates pathogenic factors, unblocks the nine orifices, enhances wisdom, clarifies the ears and eyes, improves memory, strengthens willpower, and increases physical strength. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging. The leaves are named Xiaocao (Little Grass), also known as Jiwan (棘菀) (Lu Deming's *Erya Yinyi* cites it as Xian), also known as Rao (绕) (*Taiping Yulan* writes it as Yaorao), also known as Xicao (Fine Grass). Grows in mountain valleys.
*The Classic of Famous Physicians* records: Produced in Mount Tai and Yuanju. Harvest the roots and leaves in the fourth lunar month, and dry them in the shade.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Yuanzhi is Jiwan." *Guaya* states: "Wan is Yuanzhi." The aerial part above ground is called Xiaocao. *Erya* states: "Rao is Yuanzhi." Guo Pu says: The current Yuanzhi resembles Mahuang (Ephedra), has red flowers, and sharp yellow leaves.