味咸，平。主目翳、鬼注虫毒、腹痛、下血、五癃，利水道。烧用之，良。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶一名贝齿。生东海。
案∶《说文》云∶贝，海介虫也。居陆，名飙；在水，名 ，象形。《尔雅》云
，小者， 。郭璞云∶今细贝，亦有紫色，出日南。又 ，小而椭。郭璞云∶即上小贝。
味咸，寒。主五癃，破五淋，堕胎，内解结气，利水道，除热。一名水虱。生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶石蚕，亦名沙虱。神农、雷公∶酸，无毒。生汉中。治五淋，破随内结气，利
水道，除热（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生江汉。
案∶《广雅》云∶水虱， 也。《淮南万毕术》云∶沙虱，一名蓬活，一名地脾。《御
览》虫豸部引李当之云∶类虫，形如老蚕。生附石。《广志》云∶皆虱，虱色赤，大过虮。
在水中，入人皮中，杀人，与李似不同。
味甘，平。主小儿惊痫，寒热结气，蛊毒鬼注。一名躁舍。
《名医》曰∶生汉中。采，蒸之。生树枝间，蛄 房也。八月取。
案∶《说文》云∶蛄，蛄斯黑也。《尔雅》云∶ ，蛄 。郭璞云∶ 属也。今青州人
呼为蛄 。按∶《本经》名为雀瓮者，瓮与蛹，音相近，以其如雀子，又如茧虫之蛹，因
呼之。
味咸，寒。主小儿惊痫、螈 ，腹胀寒热，大人疾狂易。一名 蜣。火熬之，良。生池
泽。
《名医》曰∶生长沙。五月五日取，蒸，藏之。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，渠 。一曰天杜。《广雅》云∶天杜，蜣螂也。《尔雅》云∶ 蜣，
蜣螂。郭璞云∶黑甲虫，啖粪土。《玉篇》∶蜣、螂同。《说文》无蜣字。渠 ，即 蜣，音
之缓急。
【贝子】
味咸，性平。主治目生翳膜、鬼注虫毒、腹痛、便血、五种淋证不通畅，能通利水道。烧焦后使用，效果良好。生长在池塘沼泽中。
《名医别录》记载：又名贝齿。生长在海边。
考证：《说文解字》说：贝，是海中的甲壳类动物。生活在陆地上的，名叫飙；生活在水里的，名叫[此处原文缺字或异体]，字形像贝壳。《尔雅》说：[此处原文缺字]，小的叫[此处原文缺字]。郭璞注释说：现在细小的贝，也有紫色的，出产于日南郡。又有一种[此处原文缺字]，小而椭圆。郭璞注释说：就是上面所说的小贝。
【水虱】
味咸，性寒。主治五种淋证不通畅，破除五种淋证引起的结石，堕胎，内消解郁结之气，通利水道，清除热邪。又名水虱。生长在池塘沼泽中。
《吴普本草》记载：石蚕，又名沙虱。神农、雷公认为：味酸，无毒。生长在汉中地区。治疗五种淋证，破除体内随行的结气，通利水道，清除热邪（引自《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：生长在江汉地区。
考证：《广雅》说：水虱，就是[此处原文缺字]。《淮南万毕术》说：沙虱，一名蓬活，一名地脾。《太平御览》虫豸部引用李当之的话说：属于虫类，形状像老蚕。生长在附着石头的地方。《广志》说：都是虱子，颜色赤红，比虮子大得多。生活在水中，钻入人的皮肤中，会致人死亡，与李当之所说的不同。
【雀瓮】
味甘，性平。主治小儿惊风癫痫、寒热结气、蛊毒鬼注。又名躁舍。
《名医别录》记载：生长在汉中地区。采集后，蒸熟使用。生长在树枝之间，是蛄[此处原文缺字]的巢房。八月采收。
考证：《说文解字》说：蛄，蛄斯黑色。《尔雅》说：[此处原文缺字]，是蛄[此处原文缺字]。郭璞注释说：属于蛄属。现在青州人称之为蛄[此处原文缺字]。按：《本经》中名为雀瓮的，因为“瓮”与“蛹”音相近，因为它像雀卵一样，又像茧虫的蛹，所以这样称呼它。
【蜣螂】
味咸，性寒。主治小儿惊风癫痫、抽搐痉挛、腹胀寒热、大人癫狂易变。又名[此处原文缺字]蜣。火炒后使用，效果良好。生长在池塘沼泽中。
《名医别录》记载：生长在长沙地区。五月五日采收，蒸熟，收藏起来。
考证：《说文解字》说：[此处原文缺字]，渠[此处原文缺字]。另一种说法是天杜。《广雅》说：天杜，就是蜣螂。《尔雅》说：[此处原文缺字]蜣，就是蜣螂。郭璞注释说：黑色的甲虫，吃粪土。《玉篇》说：蜣、螂同义。《说文解字》中没有“蜣”字。渠[此处原文缺字]，即[此处原文缺字]蜣，读音只是缓急的区别。
[Bei Zi (Concha)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Opacity of the eye (cataract/pterygium), poisoning from "Gui Zhu" (ghost fixation/toxic insects), abdominal pain, hematochezia (blood in stool), five types of strangury (difficulty in urination), and promoting the flow of water passages. Burned for use is effective. Habitat: Ponds and marshes.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Also known as Bei Chi (Shell Tooth). Grows by the sea.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Bei" refers to marine crustaceans/shellfish. Those living on land are called Biao; those living in water are called [Character missing], with a pictographic form resembling a shell. *Erya* states: [Character missing], the small ones are called [Character missing]. Guo Pu comments: The current fine shells also have purple varieties, originating from Rinan Commandery. Another type [Character missing] is small and oval. Guo Pu comments: This is the aforementioned small shell.
[Shui Shi (Water Louse)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Indications: Five types of strangury, breaking up stones caused by the five types of strangury, inducing abortion, resolving internal stagnant Qi, promoting the flow of water passages, and clearing heat. Also known as Shui Shi. Habitat: Ponds and marshes.
*Wu Pu's Materia Medica* states: Shi Can (Stone Silkworm), also known as Sha Shi (Sand Louse). Shennong and Leigong consider it: Sour flavor, non-toxic. Grows in Hanzhong. Treats the five types of strangury, breaks up internal adherent stagnant Qi, promotes the flow of water passages, and clears heat (cited from *Taiping Yulan*).
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in the Jianghan region.
Textual Research: *Guangya* states: Shui Shi is [Character missing]. *Huainan Wanbi Shu* states: Sha Shi is also known as Peng Huo and Di Pi. *Taiping Yulan*, Section on Insects, cites Li Dangzhi: It belongs to insects, shaped like an old silkworm. Grows attached to stones. *Guang Zhi* states: They are all lice, red in color, larger than nits. Living in water, they enter human skin and can cause death, which differs from Li Dangzhi's description.
[Que Weng (Sparrow Urn)]
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, cold-heat stagnant Qi, Gu poison, and Gui Zhu. Also known as Zao She.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in Hanzhong. After harvesting, steam it. Grows among tree branches, being the nest of Gu [Character missing]. Harvested in August.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Gu, Gu Si is black. *Erya* states: [Character missing], is Gu [Character missing]. Guo Pu comments: Belongs to the Gu genus. People in Qingzhou now call it Gu [Character missing]. Note: The name Que Weng in *Ben Jing* arises because "Weng" (urn) sounds similar to "Yong" (pupa); it resembles a sparrow egg and also the pupa of a cocoon insect, hence the name.
[Qiang Lang (Dung Beetle)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Indications: Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, spasms and twitching, abdominal distension with cold and heat, and adult mania or erratic behavior. Also known as [Character missing] Qiang. Fire-roasted for use is effective. Habitat: Ponds and marshes.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Grows in Changsha. Harvested on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, steamed, and stored.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [Character missing], Qu [Character missing]. Another name is Tian Du. *Guangya* states: Tian Du is Qiang Lang. *Erya* states: [Character missing] Qiang is Qiang Lang. Guo Pu comments: Black-shelled insect that eats dung and soil. *Yupian* states: Qiang and Lang are synonymous. *Shuowen Jiezi* does not contain the character "Qiang". Qu [Character missing] is equivalent to [Character missing] Qiang; the difference lies only in the speed of pronunciation.