味辛，微寒（《御览》有补中二字。《大观本》黑字）。主漏下赤白，寒热，破石淋，杀
禽兽、贼鼠。生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶马刀，一名齐蛤。神农、岐伯、桐君∶咸，有毒；扁鹊∶小寒，大毒。生
池泽、江海。采无时也（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名马蛤。生江湖及东海。采无时。
案∶《范子计然》云∶马刀，出河东。《艺文类聚》引《本经》云∶文蛤，表有文。又
曰马刀，一曰名蛤，则岂古本与文蛤为一邪？
味咸，平。主小儿百二十种惊痫、螈 、 疾、寒热、肠痔，虫毒，蛇痫。火熬之，良。
一名龙子衣，一名蛇符，一名龙子单衣，一名弓皮。生川谷及田野。
《吴普》曰∶蛇蜕，一名龙子单衣，一名弓皮，一名蛇附，一名蛇筋，一名龙皮，一名
龙单衣（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名龙子皮。生荆州。五月五日、十五日取之，良。
案∶《说文》云∶它，虫也。从虫而长，象冤，曲 尾形。或作蛇蜕，蛇蝉所解皮也。
《广雅》云∶蝮 蜕也。《中山经》云∶来山多空夺。郭璞云∶即蛇皮脱也。
味咸，寒。主蛇瘕，去三虫、伏尸、鬼注、蛊毒，杀长虫。仍自化作水。生平土
《吴普》曰∶蚯蚓，一名白颈螳 ，一名附引（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名土龙。二月取，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，侧行者，或作蚓， 也。《广雅》云∶蚯蚓，蜿 ，引无也
。《尔雅》云∶ 蚓， 蚕。郭璞云∶即 也，江东呼寒蚓，旧作蚯，非。《吕氏春秋》
、《淮南子》邱蚓出，不从虫。又《说文训》云∶ ，无筋骨之强。高诱注∶ ，一名蜷
也。旧又有白颈二字，据《吴普》古本当无也。
【马刀】
味辛，性微寒（《太平御览》中有“补中”二字。《大观本》为黑字）。主治漏下赤白（阴道分泌物色红或白），寒热往来，破除石淋（泌尿系结石），杀灭禽兽、贼鼠。生于池塘沼泽。
《吴普》说：马刀，又名齐蛤。神农、岐伯、桐君认为：味咸，有毒；扁鹊认为：性小寒，大毒。生于池塘沼泽、江海。采集没有固定时间（《太平御览》记载）。
《名医别录》说：又名马蛤。生于江湖及东海。采集没有固定时间。
按语：《范子计然》说：马刀，出产于河东。《艺文类聚》引用《神农本草经》说：文蛤，表面有花纹。又说马刀，一名蛤，那么难道古本中马刀与文蛤是同一物吗？
【蛇蜕】
味咸，性平。主治小儿一百二十种惊痫、抽搐、癫痫、寒热、肠痔，虫毒，蛇痫。用火熬制，效果良好。
又名龙子衣，又名蛇符，又名龙子单衣，又名弓皮。生于山川河谷及田野。
《吴普》说：蛇蜕，又名龙子单衣，又名弓皮，又名蛇附，又名蛇筋，又名龙皮，又名龙单衣（《太平御览》记载）。
《名医别录》说：又名龙子皮。产于荆州。五月五日、十五日采集，效果良好。
按语：《说文解字》说：它，是虫类。字形从虫且长，像弯曲冤曲的尾巴形状。或者写作蛇蜕，是蛇和蝉蜕下的皮。《广雅》说：蝮蛇蜕下的皮。《中山经》说：来山多空夺。郭璞说：就是蛇皮脱落。
【蚯蚓】
味咸，性寒。主治蛇瘕（腹部结块），去除三虫、伏尸（潜伏体内的死血或寄生虫）、鬼注（痨病）、蛊毒，杀灭长虫（肠道寄生虫）。仍能自行化作水。生于平地土壤。
《吴普》说：蚯蚓，又名白颈螳，又名附引（《太平御览》记载）。
《名医别录》说：又名土龙。二月采集，阴干。
按语：《说文解字》说：蚓，侧行爬行的虫，或者写作蚓，即蚯蚓。《广雅》说：蚯蚓，蜿蜒曲折，引申无也。《尔雅》说：蚓，即蚕。郭璞说：就是蚓，江东称为寒蚓，旧作“蚯”，不正确。《吕氏春秋》、《淮南子》中邱蚓出现，不从虫字旁。又《说文训》说：蚓，没有筋骨的强壮。高诱注：蚓，又名蜷。旧本又有“白颈”二字，根据《吴普》，古本应当没有。
[Madao]
Pungent in flavor, slightly cold in nature (Taiping Yulan contains the characters "tonify the middle"; Daguan edition has these characters in black ink). It primarily treats leukorrhea with blood or white discharge (leukorrhea with blood or white discharge), alternating chills and fever, breaks down urinary calculi (urinary calculi), and kills birds, beasts, and thieves' rats. It grows in ponds and marshes.
Wu Pu states: Madao is also known as Qi Ge. Shennong, Qibo, and Tongjun record: Salty in flavor, toxic; Bian Que records: Slightly cold in nature, highly toxic. It grows in ponds, marshes, rivers, seas, and oceans. There is no fixed time for harvesting (recorded in Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: It is also known as Ma Ge. It grows in rivers, lakes, and the East China Sea. There is no fixed time for harvesting.
Commentary: Fanzi Jiran states: Madao originates from Hedong. Yiwen Leiju quotes Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing stating: Wen Ge has patterns on its surface. It also states that Madao is another name for Ge. Could it be that in ancient editions, Madao and Wen Ge were the same substance?
[Shetui]
Salty in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats one hundred and twenty types of pediatric convulsions, spasms, epilepsy, alternating chills and fever, intestinal hemorrhoids, insect poisoning, and snake-induced epilepsy. Frying it over fire yields good results.
It is also known as Longzi Yi, She Fu, Longzi Danyi, and Gong Pi. It grows in river valleys and fields.
Wu Pu states: Shetui is also known as Longzi Danyi, Gong Pi, She Fu, She Jin, Long Pi, and Long Danyi (recorded in Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: It is also known as Longzi Pi. It is produced in Jingzhou. Harvesting it on the fifth and fifteenth days of the fifth lunar month yields good results.
Commentary: Shuo Wen Jie Zi states: Ta refers to insects. The character consists of 'chong' (insect) and is long, resembling a curved, wronged tail shape. Alternatively written as Shetui, it is the shed skin of snakes and cicadas. Guang Ya states: It is the shed skin of vipers. Zhongshan Jing states: Laishan is full of Kongduo. Guo Pu states: This refers to shed snake skin.
[Qiuyin]
Salty in flavor, cold in nature. It primarily treats snake-related abdominal masses (abdominal masses related to snakes), expels the three parasites, Fusshi (latent dead blood or parasites), Guizhu (tuberculosis), and Gudus (gu poison), and kills long worms (intestinal parasites). It can still transform itself into water. It grows in flat soil.
Wu Pu states: Qiuyin is also known as Baijing Tang and Fuyin (recorded in Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu states: It is also known as Tulong. Harvested in the second lunar month and dried in the shade.
Commentary: Shuo Wen Jie Zi states: Yin refers to side-crawling creatures; alternatively written as Yin, it is the earthworm. Guang Ya states: Qiuyin, winding and twisting, implies extension without end. Erya states: Yin is equivalent to Can. Guo Pu states: It is Yin; Jiangdong calls it Han Yin. The old form 'Qiu' is incorrect. Lü Shi Chun Qiu and Huainanzi mention Qiu Yin appearing, not using the 'chong' radical. Furthermore, Shuo Wen Xun states: Yin lacks strong sinews and bones. Gao You's commentary notes: Yin is also known as Quan. Older editions include the characters 'Baijing'; according to Wu Pu, the ancient edition should not have contained them.