箕畴五福。一曰寿，以有寿乃能享诸福也，然其四曰攸好德；及六极之五曰恶，六曰弱。可见
德为福寿之本。若其刚恶而不肯好德，柔弱而怠于修德，则祸极随之，而绝福寿根源矣。至卫生一
节，尤为修德中事也。观子之所慎疾，及君子三戒等可见矣。又黄帝问岐伯曰∶余闻上古之人，春
秋皆度百岁而动作不衰，今人年半百而动作皆衰者，时势异耶？人将失之耶？岐伯对曰∶上古之人
，知道者法于阴阳，和于术数，饮食有节，起居有常，不妄作劳，故能形与神俱而终其天年，度百
岁乃去。今时之人不然，以酒为浆，以妄为常，醉以入房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其真，不知持满，
不时御神，务快其心，逆于生乐，起居无节，故半百而衰也。观此，则寿命修短，全系精气神之盈
亏。精血一败，神气无所根据附，欲长寿而享诸福难矣！其害以淫欲为最。少壮宜节，老年宜绝，男
女皆同。盖男二八精通，八八精绝；女二七天癸至，七七天癸止。交合施泄不可太早，男三八，女
三七为佳。古人少年迟婚，中年后早绝欲，多得上寿。今人早婚纵欲，水枯火亢，精神垂尽，仙丹
莫疗，悔之晚矣，达者当知。精髓有限，生之甚难，
耗之甚易，如油满灯明，油尽灯灭。若纵欲丧精，假力药饵，弃真取伪，弃内取外，不亦愚乎！
请以贪、俭二字醒之。贪不久之名利，而不贪长久之福寿，俭易得之财物，而不俭难得之精神，颠
倒极矣！其次嗔怒忧愁，皆能伤气血、烁元和，致不测之疾。噫！人诚能制情忍性，以惜福养寿，
虽南面王乐不与易。《诗》所谓自求多福；《书》所谓自作元命也。将时时享勿药之喜焉！即偶违
和而精气神原固，可一剂立瘳矣！
《尚书·洪范》记载的五福中，第一种就是寿，因为只有拥有长寿才能享受其他的福气。然而五福中的第四种是“攸好德”（崇尚美德）；而在六极（六种极端的灾祸）中，第五种是“恶”（丑恶），第六种是“弱”（衰弱）。由此可见，德行是福气和长寿的根本。如果一个人刚愎自用、丑陋恶劣而不肯喜好美德，或者柔弱懈怠而不致力于修养品德，那么极致的灾祸就会随之而来，从而断绝了福气和长寿的根源。至于养生这一方面，更是修养德行中的重要内容。从孔子所谨慎对待的疾病，以及君子应当戒除的三件事等记载中就可以看出这一点。
另外，黄帝问岐伯说：“我听说上古时代的人，年龄都超过百岁而动作依然不衰老，现在的人年龄才五十岁而动作就都衰败了，这是时代形势不同呢？还是人们自己失去了养生之道呢？”岐伯回答说：“上古时代的人，懂得大道的人效法阴阳的变化，调和于各种养生方法，饮食有节制，起居有规律，不胡乱地过度劳累，所以能够形体与精神协调统一，从而活完他们自然的寿命，度过百岁才离世。现在的人却不是这样，把酒当作浆水一样随意饮用，把妄为当作常态，醉酒后行房事，用欲望耗竭自己的精气，用散乱消耗自己的真气，不知道保持精气的充盈，不能适时地驾驭精神，只求满足心意带来的快感，违背了生命的乐趣，起居没有节律，所以不到五十岁就衰败了。”
观察这些情况，可以看出寿命的长短，完全取决于精、气、神的盈亏。一旦精血败坏，神气就无所依托依附，想要长寿并享受各种福气就很难了！其中危害最大的莫过于淫欲。年轻力壮时应当节制，年老时应当禁绝，男女都是一样的。大概男子十六岁精通，六十四岁精绝；女子十四天癸至（月经来潮），四十九岁天癸止。性交射精不可太早，男子二十八岁、女子二十一岁左右为佳。古人少年时期晚婚，中年以后早早禁欲，大多能得上寿。现代人早婚且放纵欲望，导致肾水枯竭、心火亢盛，精神即将耗尽，即使是仙丹也无法治疗，后悔也晚了，通达事理的人应当知晓。精髓是有限的，生成它非常困难，消耗它却很容易，就像灯油满则灯亮，灯油尽则灯灭。如果放纵欲望丧失精气，依靠药物来假借力量，抛弃真元而追求虚假，抛弃内在修养而依赖外在药物，这不是很愚蠢吗！请用“贪”和“俭”两个字来警醒世人：不要贪图不久存的名利，而要贪图长久之福寿；不要吝惜容易得到的财物，而要吝惜难以获得的精气神，这是极大的颠倒啊！其次，嗔怒忧愁，都能损伤气血、灼烧元气，导致不可预测的疾病。唉！人如果能控制情感、忍耐性情，以珍惜福气、保养寿命，即使是面南称王的快乐也不能交换这种境界。《诗经》所说的“自求多福”，《尚书》所说的“自作元命”（自己创造命运），就是这个道理。将会时时享受到不用服药的喜悦！即使偶尔身体不适，只要精气神原本坚固，也可以一剂药立刻痊愈！
The "Five Blessings" recorded in the *Hong Fan* chapter of the *Book of Documents* (*Shangshu*) include longevity as the first. Only by possessing longevity can one enjoy other blessings. However, the fourth blessing is "loving virtue" (Yōu Hǎo Dé); and among the "Six Extremes" (Liù Jí - six types of extreme misfortunes), the fifth is "wickedness" (È) and the sixth is "weakness" (Ruò). This demonstrates that virtue is the root of blessings and longevity. If one is obstinate, wicked, and unwilling to love virtue, or is weak and negligent in cultivating virtue, then extreme disasters will follow, cutting off the roots of blessings and longevity. Health preservation (Wèi Shēng) is particularly an important aspect of cultivating virtue. This can be seen from Confucius's caution regarding illnesses and the three prohibitions for gentlemen.
Furthermore, the Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: "I have heard that people in ancient times lived beyond a hundred years without losing their physical vigor, whereas people today lose their vigor by the age of fifty. Is this due to differences in the times and circumstances, or have people lost the way of health preservation?" Qibo replied: "People in ancient times who understood the Great Dao modeled themselves on Yin and Yang, harmonized with proper methods and numbers, regulated their diet, maintained regular daily routines, and did not engage in reckless exertion. Thus, they could maintain unity of form and spirit, completing their natural lifespan and passing away after living a hundred years. People of today are different. They treat wine as if it were water, make recklessness a habit, engage in sexual intercourse while drunk, exhaust their essence through desires, and dissipate their true Qi. They do not know how to preserve fullness, fail to manage their spirit appropriately, seek only mental gratification, go against the joy of life, and lack regularity in their daily routines. Therefore, they decline before reaching fifty."
Observing this, it is clear that the length of life depends entirely on the abundance or deficiency of Essence (Jing), Qi, and Spirit (Shen). Once blood and essence are damaged, Spirit and Qi have no foundation upon which to attach. It becomes difficult to achieve longevity and enjoy various blessings! Among all harms, lustful desire is the most detrimental. Young and strong individuals should practice moderation; the elderly should abstain completely. This applies equally to men and women. Generally, men's essence matures at sixteen (two eights) and ceases at sixty-four (eight eights); women's Tian Gui (menstruation/sexual maturity) arrives at fourteen (two sevens) and stops at forty-nine (seven sevens). Sexual intercourse and ejaculation should not occur too early; ages twenty-eight for men and twenty-one for women are considered optimal. In ancient times, late marriage in youth and early abstinence in middle age often led to long life. Modern people marry early and indulge in desires, leading to the depletion of Kidney Water and hyperactivity of Heart Fire. When spirit and essence are nearly exhausted, even immortal elixirs cannot cure them, and regret comes too late. Wise people should understand this. Essence and marrow are limited; generating them is very difficult, while consuming them is very easy. It is like a lamp: when the oil is full, the light shines bright; when the oil is exhausted, the light goes out. If one indulges in lust, loses essence, and relies on medicinal herbs to borrow strength, abandoning the true Yuan Qi for the false, and internal cultivation for external substances, is this not foolish? Let us use the characters "Greed" (Tān) and "Frugality" (Jiǎn) to awaken people: Do not greedily pursue fleeting fame and wealth, but greedily pursue lasting blessings and longevity; do not be stingy with easily obtained material goods, but be frugal with hard-to-obtain spirit and essence. This inversion is extreme! Secondly, anger and sorrow can damage Qi and Blood, scorch the Harmony of Yuan Qi, and cause unpredictable diseases. Alas! If people can control their emotions and restrain their nature, thereby cherishing blessings and nourishing longevity, even the joy of a king ruling the world would not be exchanged for it. As the *Classic of Poetry* (*Shijing*) says, "Seek your own abundant blessings"; and as the *Book of Documents* (*Shangshu*) states, "You create your own destiny." One will thus constantly enjoy the joy of healing without medication! Even if there is occasional disharmony, as long as Essence, Qi, and Spirit remain solid, recovery can be achieved with a single dose of medicine.