六十黍为圭。（旧云六十四黍，四字衍文，今删之。）
四圭为撮。（三指撮之曰撮，五撮为一龠，一千二百黍也。）
十撮为合。（黄钟律龠，容千二百黍，二龠为合也。）
十合为升。
十升为斗。
（孙子算法，以六粟为圭，十圭为抄，十抄为撮，十撮为勺，十勺为合。此流俗之鄙谈，非先王之
法制，儒者所不道也。）
（即黄帝所设也。周公嘉量、太公旧量并同。）
四豆为区。（四升曰豆。区为一斗六升，三百二十龠。区或作 。）
五区为釜。（八斗也。为一千六百龠。釜或作 ，即所谓斛也。）
倍釜为庾。（十六斗也。庾或作 ，又作逾，又作 。）
五庾为钟。（八十斗也。）
倍钟为秉。（一百六十斗也。）
（此非周制，而与汉制颇同。）
五豆为区。（二斗也，比旧区多四升。）
五区为釜。（十斗也，比旧釜多二斗。）
十釜为钟。（百斗也，比旧钟多二十斗。）
成化十五年奏准铸成斛法，根据宝源局量地尺，斛口外方一尺，内方九寸，斛底外方一尺
六寸，内方一尺五寸，深一尺，浓三分，平秤一百斤。根据古黍度尺，斛口外方一尺二寸八分，
内方一尺一寸五分有奇，底外方二尺零五分，内方一尺九寸二分，深一尺二寸八分，浓四
分。（郑世子曰∶按古人未尝以五斗为斛，五斗为斛，盖自唐宋始也。算法根据宝源局尺量，置斛口内
方九寸自乘，得八十一寸，置底一尺五寸自乘，得二百二十五寸，又以口底相乘，得一百三十五寸，三
宗相并得四百四十一寸，三归得一百四十七寸，以深一尺乘之，得一千四百七十寸，是为铁斛五斗实
积，倍之得二千九百四十寸，是两铁斛即十斗实积。然则今之斛法，非二千五百也。民间俗传算术，
多以二千五百为斛法者，疑术士之杜撰也。）
六十粒黍米构成一圭。（旧说认为是六十四粒，这是衍生的文字，现已删除。）
四撮构成一圭。（用三指捏取称为“撮”，五撮为一龠，容量为一千二百粒黍米。）
十撮构成一合。（黄钟律管的龠，容量为一千二百粒黍米，两龠为一合。）
十合构成一升。
十升构成一斗。
（《孙子算经》中，以六粒粟米为圭，十圭为抄，十抄为撮，十撮为勺，十勺为合。这是民间粗俗的谈论，并非先王的法度制度，是儒家学者所不提及的。）
（这是黄帝所设立的制度。周公的嘉量、姜太公的旧量都与此相同。）
四豆构成一区。（四升称为豆。一区相当于一斗六升，三百二十龠。“区”字有时写作其他异体字。）
五区构成一釜。（相当于八斗。容量为一千六百龠。“釜”字有时写作其他异体字，即所谓的“斛”。）
两倍的一釜构成一庾。（十六斗。“庾”字有时写作其他异体字，又写作“逾”，又写作其他异体字。）
五庾构成一钟。（八十斗。）
两倍的一钟构成一秉。（一百六十斗。）
（这不是周代的制度，而与汉代的制度颇为相似。）
五豆构成一区。（二斗，比旧的“区”多四升。）
五区构成一釜。（十斗，比旧的“釜”多二斗。）
十釜构成一钟。（百斗，比旧的“钟”多二十斗。）
成化十五年奏准铸造的标准斛法，依据宝源局的量地尺，斛口外部边长一尺，内部边长九寸，斛底外部边长一尺六寸，内部边长一尺五寸，深度一尺，壁厚三分，平秤重量一百斤。依据古黍度尺，斛口外部边长一尺二寸八分，内部边长一寸一分五厘有余，底部外部边长二尺零五分，内部边长一尺九寸二分，深度一尺二寸八分，壁厚四分。（郑世子说：考察古人从未以五斗作为一斛，以五斗为斛，大概是从唐宋时期开始的。算法依据宝源局尺测量，将斛口内部边长九寸自乘，得到八十一平方寸；将底部内部边长一尺五寸自乘，得到二百二十五平方寸；又将口和底的数值相乘，得到一百三十五平方寸。将这三个数值相加得到四百四十一平方寸，除以三得到一百四十七平方寸，再乘以深度一尺，得到一千四百七十立方寸，这是铁斛五斗的实际容积，加倍后得到二千九百四十立方寸，这就是两个铁斛即十斗的实际容积。然而现在的斛法标准并非二千五百。民间流传的算术，多以二千五百作为斛法，这大概是术士们的杜撰。）
Sixty grains of millet constitute one *gui* (a small unit of volume). (Old texts stated sixty-four grains; these four characters are considered interpolations and have been deleted.)
Four *gui* constitute one *cuo* (a pinch taken with three fingers). Five *cuo* make one *yue* (a standard measure), which holds one thousand two hundred millet grains.
Ten *cuo* constitute one *he* (a unit of volume). The *yue* of the Huangzhong pitch pipe holds one thousand two hundred millet grains; two *yue* make one *he*.
Ten *he* constitute one *sheng* (a unit of volume).
Ten *sheng* constitute one *dou* (a unit of volume).
(The *Sunzi Suanjing* states that six grains of broomcorn millet make one *gui*, ten *gui* make one *chao*, ten *chao* make one *cuo*, ten *cuo* make one *shao*, and ten *shao* make one *he*. This is a vulgar calculation of common people, not the legal system of the ancient kings, and is not discussed by Confucian scholars.)
(This was established by the Yellow Emperor. The *Jialiang* (standard measures) of Duke of Zhou and the old measures of Jiang Ziya were identical to this.)
Four *dou* constitute one *qu* (a unit of volume). Four *sheng* make one *dou*. One *qu* equals one *dou* and six *sheng*, or three hundred twenty *yue*. The character *qu* may appear in variant forms.
Five *qu* constitute one *fu* (a large vessel for grain). Eight *dou* make one *fu*, which holds one thousand six hundred *yue*. The character *fu* may appear in variant forms, referring to what is called *hu*.
Double one *fu* constitutes one *yu* (a unit of volume). Sixteen *dou* make one *yu*. The character *yu* may appear in variant forms, or be written as *yu* (surpass), or other variants.
Five *yu* constitute one *zhong* (a large unit of volume). Eighty *dou* make one *zhong*.
Double one *zhong* constitutes one *bing* (a unit of volume). One hundred sixty *dou* make one *bing*.
(This is not the Zhou system but is quite similar to the Han system.)
Five *dou* constitute one *qu* (two *dou*; this is four *sheng* more than the old *qu*).
Five *qu* constitute one *fu* (ten *dou*; this is two *dou* more than the old *fu*).
Ten *fu* constitute one *zhong* (one hundred *dou*; this is twenty *dou* more than the old *zhong*).
In the fifteenth year of the Chenghua reign, it was approved to cast standard *hu* measures based on the land-measuring ruler of the Baoyuan Bureau. For the *hu*: the outer side of the mouth is one chi, the inner side is nine cun; the outer side of the bottom is one chi six cun, the inner side is one chi five cun; the depth is one chi, and the wall thickness is three fen. A flat scale weighs one hundred jin. Based on the ancient millet-degree ruler: the outer side of the mouth is one chi two cun eight fen, the inner side is one chi one cun five fen and odd; the outer side of the bottom is two chi zero cun five fen, the inner side is one chi nine cun two fen; the depth is one chi two cun eight fen, and the wall thickness is four fen. (Prince Zheng stated: Examining the ancients, they never used five *dou* as one *hu*. Using five *dou* as one *hu* likely began in the Tang and Song dynasties. According to calculations based on the Baoyuan Bureau ruler: square the inner mouth side of nine cun to get 81 square cun; square the inner bottom side of one chi five cun to get 225 square cun; multiply the mouth and bottom values to get 135 square cun. Summing these three yields 441 square cun; dividing by three gives 147 square cun. Multiplying by the depth of one chi yields 1,470 cubic cun. This is the actual volume of five *dou* in an iron *hu*. Doubling this gives 2,940 cubic cun, which is the actual volume of two iron *hu* (ten *dou*). Thus, the current *hu* standard is not 2,500. Folk arithmetic often cites 2,500 as the *hu* standard; this is suspected to be fabricated by fortune-tellers or mathematicians.)