（附∶阴阳交、尺寸反。）
\r南北政图\pt13a40.bmp\r
南北政者，五运以土为尊，居中央而统于金木水火。故十干以甲己年土运为君象，主南面
行令而为南政；其余乙庚丙辛丁壬戊癸八年为臣象，皆北面受令而为北政。南政北政，
脉当各有不应。若当应不应，不当应而应者，乃谓之阴阳交，尺寸反，斯为害矣。
\r南政年脉不应图\pt13a41.bmp\r
甲己年为南政
\r北政年脉不应图\pt13a42.bmp\r
乙丁辛癸丙戊庚壬年为北政
南北二政，运有不同，上下阴阳，脉有不应。五营运大论曰∶先立其年，以知其气，左右
应见，乃可以言死生之逆顺也。倘粗工不知而呼寒呼热，妄施治疗，害莫大矣。
南北政者，即甲己为南政，余为北政是也。至真要大论曰∶阴之所在寸口何如？岐伯
曰∶视岁南北，可知之矣。谓南政之年，南面行令，其气在南，所以南为上而北为下，司天在
上，在泉在下，人气应之，故寸为上而尺为下，左右俱同。北政之岁，北面受令，其气在北，
所以北为上而南为下，在泉应上，司天应下，人气亦应之，故尺应上而寸应下，司天应两尺，
在泉应两寸，地之左间为右寸，右间为左寸，天之左间为左尺，右间为右尺，正与男子面南
受气，女子面北受气之理同也。
脉有不应者，谓阴之所在，脉乃沉细，不应本脉也。阴者，言六气有三阴三阳，而三阴
之位，则少阴居中，太阴居左，厥阴居右。脉之不应者，乃以三阴之中少阴所居之处言之，
而又分南北二政以定其上下也。故至真要大论曰∶北政之岁，三阴在下则寸不应，三阴在
上则尺不应；南政之岁，三阴在天则寸不应，三阴在泉则尺不应。又曰北政之岁，少阴在泉
则寸口不应，正以北政之年，司天应尺而在泉应寸也。厥阴在泉则右不应，右者右寸也，以
少阴居厥阴之左，而以地之左间为右寸也。太阴在泉则左不应，左者左寸也，以少阴居太
阴之右，而以地之右间为左寸也。南政之年，少阴司天则寸口不应，寸口者两寸也，正以南
政之年，上为寸而下为尺也。厥阴司天则右不应，右者右寸也，以少阴居厥阴之左，而当右
寸之位也。太阴司天则左不应，左者左寸也，以少阴居太阴之右，而当左寸之位也。此经
文虽未尽言，然北举在泉，则天在其中矣；南举司天，则泉在其中矣。故又曰∶诸不应者，反
其诊则见矣。反其诊者，谓南北相反而诊之，当自见矣。故北政之年，少阴司天则两尺不
应；太阴司天则少阴在右，所以右尺不应；厥阴司天则少阴在左，所以左尺不应。南政之
年，少阴在泉则两尺不应；太阴在泉则少阴在右，所以右尺不应；厥阴在泉则少阴在左，所
以左尺不应也。阴之所在，义详运气类五。
阴阳交、尺寸反者，如其年少阴在左，当左脉不应，而反见于右；阳脉本在右，而反互移
于左，是少阴所易之位，非少阳则太阳脉也，故曰阴阳交，交者死，惟辰戌丑未寅申巳亥八
年有之。尺寸反者，如其年少阴在尺，当尺不应，而反见于寸；阳本在寸，而反移于尺，故曰
尺寸反，反者死，惟子午卯酉年有之。然必也阴阳俱交，始为交也；尺寸俱反，始为反也。若
但本位当应而不应者，乃阴气之不应也，止疾而已，不在阴阳交、尺寸反之例，不可胶柱。
南北政图 [图片占位符]
所谓“南北政”，是因为五运中以土气为尊，居于中央并统辖金、木、水、火四行。因此，十天干中甲年和己年的土运被视为“君”的象征，君主面南而治发布政令，故称为“南政”；其余乙、庚、丙、辛、丁、壬、戊、癸八年则被视为“臣”的象征，臣子面北接受政令，故称为“北政”。南政和北政的脉象，应当各有其“不应”（即摸不到脉搏或脉象微弱）的部位。如果该出现“不应”的地方没有出现，不该出现“不应”的地方却出现了，这就叫做“阴阳交”或“尺寸反”，这是有害的病证。
北政年脉不应图 [图片占位符]
乙、丁、辛、癸、丙、戊、庚、壬年为北政。
南政和北政，运气有所不同，上下阴阳各异，脉象也有相应的“不应”之处。《素问·五营运大论》说：“先确立当年的岁运，以知晓当时的气候，观察左右对应的脉象表现，才可以判断生死顺逆。”如果粗浅的医生不知道这些道理，胡乱呼喊寒热症状，妄加治疗，危害就没有比这更大的了。
所谓的南北政，就是甲年和己年为南政，其余年份为北政。《素问·至真要大论》问：“阴气所在的部位，寸口脉象如何？”岐伯回答说：“观察岁运是南政还是北政，就可以知道了。”意思是说，在南政之年，君主面南发布政令，阳气在南面，所以南方代表上，北方代表下。司天之气在上，在泉之气在下，人体之气与之相应，所以寸部代表上，尺部代表下，左右两侧的情况相同。在北政之年，臣子面北接受政令，阴气在北面，所以北方代表上，南方代表下。在泉之气应验于上部，司天之气应验于下部，人体之气也随之相应，所以尺部应验于上，寸部应验于下。具体而言，司天之气对应两尺脉，在泉之气对应两寸脉，地之左间气对应右寸脉，地之右间气对应左寸脉，天之左间气对应左尺脉，天之右间气对应右尺脉。这与男子面南受气、女子面北受气的道理是相同的。
所谓“脉有不应”，是指阴气所在的部位，脉象表现为沉细，不符合本应有的脉象。这里的“阴”，指的是六气中的三阴和三阳，而在三阴的位置中，少阴居中，太阴居左，厥阴居右。脉象的“不应”，主要是以三阴之中少阴所在的位置来说明的，并且又分为南政和北政来确定其上下关系。所以《至真要大论》说：“在北政之年，如果三阴之气在下（在泉），则寸脉不应；如果三阴之气在上（司天），则尺脉不应。”在南政之年，如果三阴之气在天（司天），则寸脉不应；如果三阴之气在泉，则尺脉不应。又说：“在北政之年，如果少阴在泉，则寸口脉不应。”这正是因为在北政之年，司天之气对应尺部，而在泉之气对应寸部。如果厥阴在泉，则右侧脉不应，“右侧”指的是右寸脉，因为少阴位于厥阴的左侧，且地之左间气对应右寸脉。如果太阴在泉，则左侧脉不应，“左侧”指的是左寸脉，因为少阴位于太阴的右侧，且地之右间气对应左寸脉。在南政之年，如果少阴司天，则寸口脉不应，“寸口”这里指两寸脉，正是因为南政之年，上部为寸，下部为尺。如果厥阴司天，则右侧脉不应，“右侧”指的是右寸脉，因为少阴位于厥阴的左侧，且正当右寸之位。如果太阴司天，则左侧脉不应，“左侧”指的是左寸脉，因为少阴位于太阴的右侧，且正当左寸之位。虽然经文没有完全详尽说明，但列举北政时提到在泉，那么司天就在其中了；列举南政时提到司天，那么在泉就在其中了。所以又说：“所有‘不应’的情况，反过来诊察就能看到了。”所谓“反其诊”，是指南北政相反来诊察，自然就能明白了。所以在北政之年，如果少阴司天，则两尺脉不应；如果太阴司天，则少阴在右侧，所以右尺脉不应；如果厥阴司天，则少阴在左侧，所以左尺脉不应。在南政之年，如果少阴在泉，则两尺脉不应；如果太阴在泉，则少阴在右侧，所以右尺脉不应；如果厥阴在泉，则少阴在左侧，所以左尺脉不应。关于阴气所在部位的义理，详见《运气类》第五部分。
所谓“阴阳交、尺寸反”，比如某年少阴之气在左侧，本该左侧脉不应，反而出现在右侧；阳脉本应在右侧，反而互换到了左侧，这是少阴所交换的位置，不是少阳就是太阳脉，所以叫“阴阳交”，“交”意味着死亡，这种情况只在辰、戌、丑、未、寅、申、巳、亥八年出现。“尺寸反”，比如某年少阴之气在尺部，本该尺脉不应，反而出现在寸部；阳脉本在寸部，反而移到了尺部，所以叫“尺寸反”，“反”意味着死亡，这种情况只在子、午、卯、酉年出现。但是必须阴阳都发生交错，才称为“交”；尺寸都发生反转，才称为“反”。如果只是本应该出现的部位没有出现“不应”现象，那只是阴气本身的不应，仅仅是疾病而已，不属于阴阳交、尺寸反的范畴，不可拘泥固执。
(Note: Yin-Yang Intersection, Size Reversal.)
North-South Sovereignty Diagram [Image Placeholder]
The concept of "North-South Sovereignty" (Nan Bei Zheng) arises because among the Five Movements (Wu Yun), Earth is honored, residing in the Center and governing Metal, Wood, Water, and Fire. Therefore, in the Ten Heavenly Stems, the Earth movements of Jia and Ji years are regarded as the image of the "Monarch." The monarch faces South to issue commands, thus these years are called "South Sovereignty" (Nan Zheng). The remaining eight years—Yi, Geng, Bing, Xin, Ding, Ren, Wu, Gui—are regarded as the image of the "Minister." The minister faces North to receive commands, thus they are called "North Sovereignty" (Bei Zheng). In South and North Sovereignty years, there should be respective pulse positions that are "non-responsive" (Bu Ying, i.e., imperceptible or weak). If a position that should be non-responsive is responsive, or one that should not be non-responsive becomes so, this is termed "Yin-Yang Intersection" (Yin Yang Jiao) or "Size Reversal" (Chi Cun Fan), which indicates pathology.
Pulse Non-Responsiveness Diagram for South Sovereignty Years [Image Placeholder]
Jia and Ji years are South Sovereignty.
Pulse Non-Responsiveness Diagram for North Sovereignty Years [Image Placeholder]
Yi, Ding, Xin, Gui, Bing, Wu, Geng, and Ren years are North Sovereignty.
South and North Sovereignty involve different movements, with distinct upper and lower Yin and Yang, leading to specific pulse non-responsiveness. The *Su Wen: Treatise on the Great Movement of the Five Yun* states: "First establish the year to know the Qi; observing the corresponding manifestations on the left and right allows one to speak of the reversals and smoothness of life and death." If incompetent physicians do not understand this and indiscriminately diagnose cold or heat, applying treatment arbitrarily, no harm is greater than this.
The term "North-South Sovereignty" refers specifically to Jia and Ji years being South Sovereignty, and all others being North Sovereignty. The *Su Wen: Treatise on the Most Essential and Necessary* asks: "How is the pulse at the Cun Kou (radial artery) where Yin resides?" Qibo replies: "By observing whether the year is South or North Sovereignty, it can be known." This means that in South Sovereignty years, the monarch faces South to issue commands, and the Qi is in the South. Thus, South represents Upper and North represents Lower. Si Tian (Sovereign Heaven Qi) is above, and Zai Quan (Ruling Spring Qi) is below. Human Qi responds accordingly, so the Cun (inch) position represents Upper and Chi (cubit) position represents Lower, with both left and right sides being identical. In North Sovereignty years, the minister faces North to receive commands, and the Qi is in the North. Thus, North represents Upper and South represents Lower. Zai Quan corresponds to the Upper, and Si Tian corresponds to the Lower. Human Qi also responds accordingly, so Chi corresponds to Upper and Cun corresponds to Lower. Specifically, Si Tian corresponds to both Chi pulses, Zai Quan corresponds to both Cun pulses, the Left Intercalary of Earth corresponds to the Right Cun, the Right Intercalary of Earth corresponds to the Left Cun, the Left Intercalary of Heaven corresponds to the Left Chi, and the Right Intercalary of Heaven corresponds to the Right Chi. This aligns with the principle that men receive Qi facing South, while women receive Qi facing North.
"Pulse non-responsiveness" refers to the phenomenon where, at the location of Yin, the pulse is deep and fine, failing to reflect its normal character. Here, "Yin" refers to the Three Yin and Three Yang of the Six Qi. Among the positions of the Three Yin, Shao Yin is central, Tai Yin is on the left, and Jue Yin is on the right. The discussion of pulse non-responsiveness focuses on the position occupied by Shao Yin within the Three Yin, distinguishing between North and South Sovereignty to determine upper and lower relations. Thus, the *Treatise on the Most Essential and Necessary* states: "In North Sovereignty years, if the Three Yin are below (Zai Quan), the Cun pulse does not respond; if the Three Yin are above (Si Tian), the Chi pulse does not respond." In South Sovereignty years, if the Three Yin are in Si Tian, the Cun pulse does not respond; if the Three Yin are in Zai Quan, the Chi pulse does not respond. It further states: "In North Sovereignty years, if Shao Yin is in Zai Quan, the Cun Kou pulse does not respond." This is precisely because in North Sovereignty years, Si Tian corresponds to Chi and Zai Quan corresponds to Cun. If Jue Yin is in Zai Quan, the right side does not respond; "right side" refers to the Right Cun, because Shao Yin is to the left of Jue Yin, and the Left Intercalary of Earth corresponds to the Right Cun. If Tai Yin is in Zai Quan, the left side does not respond; "left side" refers to the Left Cun, because Shao Yin is to the right of Tai Yin, and the Right Intercalary of Earth corresponds to the Left Cun. In South Sovereignty years, if Shao Yin is in Si Tian, the Cun Kou pulse does not respond; here "Cun Kou" refers to both Cun positions, precisely because in South Sovereignty years, the Upper is Cun and the Lower is Chi. If Jue Yin is in Si Tian, the right side does not respond; "right side" refers to the Right Cun, because Shao Yin is to the left of Jue Yin and occupies the position of the Right Cun. If Tai Yin is in Si Tian, the left side does not respond; "left side" refers to the Left Cun, because Shao Yin is to the right of Tai Yin and occupies the position of the Left Cun. Although the classic text does not state everything explicitly, mentioning Zai Quan in the context of North Sovereignty implies Si Tian is included; mentioning Si Tian in the context of South Sovereignty implies Zai Quan is included. Therefore, it is said: "For all non-responsive cases, reversing the diagnostic approach reveals them." "Reversing the diagnostic approach" means diagnosing contrary to the North/South sovereignty norms, which will naturally become clear. Thus, in North Sovereignty years, if Shao Yin is in Si Tian, both Chi pulses do not respond; if Tai Yin is in Si Tian, Shao Yin is on the right, so the Right Chi does not respond; if Jue Yin is in Si Tian, Shao Yin is on the left, so the Left Chi does not respond. In South Sovereignty years, if Shao Yin is in Zai Quan, both Chi pulses do not respond; if Tai Yin is in Zai Quan, Shao Yin is on the right, so the Right Chi does not respond; if Jue Yin is in Zai Quan, Shao Yin is on the left, so the Left Chi does not respond. The principles regarding the location of Yin are detailed in Section 5 of the *Qi Yun Class*.
"Yin-Yang Intersection" and "Size Reversal" refer to specific pathological reversals. For example, in a year when Shao Yin is on the left, the left pulse should be non-responsive, but instead appears on the right; the Yang pulse, originally on the right, shifts to the left. This indicates an exchange of positions belonging to Shao Yin, involving either Shao Yang or Tai Yang pulses, hence termed "Yin-Yang Intersection." "Intersection" implies death, occurring only in the eight years of Chen, Xu, Chou, Wei, Yin, Shen, Si, and Hai. "Size Reversal" occurs when, for instance, Shao Yin is at the Chi position, so the Chi pulse should be non-responsive, but instead appears at the Cun; the Yang pulse, originally at Cun, shifts to Chi. Hence termed "Size Reversal," implying death, occurring only in the years of Zi, Wu, Mao, and You. However, it must be that both Yin and Yang intersect to constitute "Intersection"; both Size (Cun and Chi) must reverse to constitute "Reversal." If merely the expected non-responsiveness fails to occur at its proper position, it is simply non-responsiveness of Yin Qi, representing mere disease, and does not fall under the categories of Yin-Yang Intersection or Size Reversal. One must not adhere rigidly to fixed rules.