（《灵枢·寿夭刚柔篇》）
黄帝曰∶余闻刺有三变，何谓三变？伯高答曰∶有刺营者，有刺卫者，有刺寒痹之留经者。（刺营者刺其阴，刺卫者
刺其阳，刺寒痹者温其经，三刺不同，故曰三变。）黄帝曰∶刺三变者奈何？伯高答曰∶刺营者出血，刺卫者出气，刺寒
痹者内热。（《调经论》亦曰∶取血于营，取气于卫。内热义如下文。）黄帝曰∶营卫寒痹之为病奈何？伯高答曰∶营之生
病也，寒热少气，血上下行。（营主血，阴气也，病在阴分则阳胜之，故为寒热往来。阴病则阴虚，阴虚则无气，故为少
气。邪在血，故为上下妄行。所以刺营者当刺其血分。）卫之生病也，气痛时来时去，怫忾贲响，风寒客于肠胃之中。（卫
属阳，为水谷之悍气，病在阳分，故为气痛。气无定形，故时来时去。怫，郁怒也。忾，大息也。贲响，腹鸣如奔也。
皆气分之病。风寒外袭而客于肠胃之间，以六腑属表而阳邪归之，故病亦生于卫气。怫音佛。忾音戏。）寒痹之为病也，
留而不去，时痛而皮不仁。（寒痹久留不去，则血脉不行，或凝滞而为痛，或皮肤不知痛痒而为不仁。）黄帝曰∶刺寒痹
内热奈何？伯高答曰∶刺布衣者以火 之，刺大人者以药熨之。（内热，谓温其经也。布衣血气涩浊，故当以火 之，即
近世所用雷火针及艾蒜蒸灸之类。 音翠，灼也。）黄帝曰∶药熨奈何？伯高答曰∶用淳酒二十升，蜀椒一升，干姜一斤，
桂心一斤，凡四种，皆 咀，渍酒中。用绵絮一斤，细白布四丈，并内酒中。置酒马矢 中，盖封涂勿使泄。五日五夜，
出布绵絮曝干之，干复渍以尽其汁。每渍必 其日乃出干，干并用滓与绵絮，复布为复巾，长六七尺，为六七巾。则用
之生桑炭炙巾，以熨寒痹所刺之处，令热入至于病所，寒复炙巾以熨之，三十遍而止。汗出以巾拭身，亦三十遍而止。（
咀，古人以口嚼药，碎如豆粒而用之。后世虽用刀切，而犹称 咀者，其义本此。渍，浸也。马矢 中者，燃干马屎而
煨之也，此西北方所常用者。涂，盐泥封固也。 ，周日也。复布为复巾者，重布为巾，如今之夹袋，所以盛贮绵絮药
滓也。滓， 也。炙巾以生桑炭者，桑能利关节，除风寒湿痹诸痛也。大人血气清滑，故当于未刺之先，及既刺之后，
但以药熨，则经通汗出而寒痹可除矣。内，纳同。矢，屎同。 音愠。 音醉，滓音子。复音福。）起步内中，无见风。
每刺必熨，如此病已矣，此所谓内热也。（刺后起步于密室内中，欲其血气行而慎避风寒也。凡此者皆所谓内热之法。）
（出自《灵枢·寿夭刚柔篇》）
黄帝问道：我听说针刺有三种变化，什么叫三种变化？伯高回答说：有刺营分的，有刺卫分的，有刺寒痹留滞于经脉的。（刺营分是刺其阴分，刺卫分是刺其阳分，刺寒痹是温通其经脉，这三种刺法不同，所以叫作三种变化。）
黄帝问道：针刺这三种变化具体怎么做？伯高回答说：刺营分要使其出血，刺卫分要使其出气，刺寒痹要使热气内入。（《素问·调经论》也说：从营分取血，从卫分出气。使热气内入的含义见下文。）
黄帝问道：营、卫和寒痹引起的病症是怎样的？伯高回答说：营分生病时，会出现恶寒发热、气短少气，血液上下妄行。（营主司血液，属于阴气，病在阴分则阳气胜之，所以出现寒热往来。阴分有病则阴虚，阴虚则无气，所以出现气短。邪气在血中，所以导致血液上下妄行。因此刺营分应当刺其血分。）
卫分生病时，会出现气痛，时来时去，胸膈郁结叹息，腹部鸣响如奔马，这是风寒邪气客居于肠胃之中。（卫气属阳，是水谷精微中剽悍滑利的部分，病在阳分，所以出现气痛。气没有固定的形态，所以疼痛时来时去。怫，指郁怒；忾，指长叹息；贲响，指腹鸣声如奔跑的马。这些都是气分的病症。风寒外袭而客居在肠胃之间，因为六腑属表，阳邪容易归附于它，所以病症也产生于卫气。怫音fú，忾音xì。）
寒痹引起的病症，是邪气留滞不去，时常疼痛且皮肤麻木不仁。（寒痹久留不去，则血脉运行不畅，或者凝滞而导致疼痛，或者皮肤不知痛痒而表现为麻木不仁。）
黄帝问道：针刺寒痹如何使热气内入？伯高回答说：对平民百姓用火针烧灼，对贵族大人用药液熨烫。（使热气内入，是指温通其经脉。平民百姓气血涩浊，所以应当用火针烧灼，即近代所用的雷火针及艾蒜蒸灸之类。燔音cuán，意为灼烧。）
黄帝问道：药熨具体怎么做？伯高回答说：用纯酒二十升，蜀椒一升，干姜一斤，桂心一斤，共四种药材，都切碎，浸泡在酒中。再用绵絮一斤，细白布四丈，一同放入酒中。将容器置于燃着干马粪的火堆中煨烤，加盖封口并涂抹盐泥密封，防止酒气泄漏。经过五天五夜后，取出布和绵絮晒干，干了之后再浸入酒中，以吸尽酒汁。每次浸泡必须满一天才取出晒干，最后将药渣与绵絮混合，用多层布包裹制成复巾，长度六七尺，做成六七条这样的巾。然后用生桑炭加热熨巾，用来熨烫寒痹针刺的部位，使热气深入病灶所在之处。变冷后再加热熨巾进行熨烫，重复三十遍为止。出汗后用巾擦拭身体，也擦拭三十遍为止。（咀，古人用口嚼碎药物，碎如豆粒大小使用。后世虽然用刀切，但仍称“咀”，其含义本于此。渍，浸泡。置于马粪火中煨烤，这是西北方常用的方法。涂，用盐泥封固。旬，十天。复布为复巾，即用多层布做成巾，如同现在的夹袋，用来盛放绵絮和药渣。滓，药渣。用生桑炭加热熨巾，因为桑木能利关节，祛除风寒湿痹等各种疼痛。贵族大人气血清滑，所以在未针刺之前及针刺之后，仅用药液熨烫，就能使经脉通畅、汗出而寒痹可除。内，同“纳”。矢，同“屎”。燔音fán。熨音wèi，滓音zǐ。复音fù。）
针刺后要在密室中起步活动，不要受风。每次针刺后都要熨烫，这样病就好了，这就是所谓的使热气内入。（针刺后在密室内起步活动，是为了让气血运行并谨慎避开风寒。凡此种种，都是所谓使热气内入的方法。）
(From "Ling Shu: Shou Yao Gang Rou Pian")
Huangdi asked: I have heard that there are three variations in acupuncture. What are these three variations? Bogao replied: There is needling of the Ying (Nutrient) level, needling of the Wei (Defensive) level, and needling for Cold Bi syndrome lingering in the meridians. (Needling the Ying level involves treating its Yin aspect; needling the Wei level involves treating its Yang aspect; needling Cold Bi involves warming the meridians. Since these three needling methods differ, they are called the three variations.)
Huangdi asked: How exactly are these three variations performed? Bogao replied: Needling the Ying level causes bleeding; needling the Wei level releases Qi; needling Cold Bi causes heat to enter internally. (The "Tiao Jing Lun" also states: Extract blood from the Ying, extract Qi from the Wei. The meaning of causing heat to enter internally is explained below.)
Huangdi asked: What are the manifestations of diseases caused by disturbances in Ying, Wei, and Cold Bi? Bogao replied: When the Ying level is diseased, there are aversion to cold with fever, shortness of breath, and blood moving erratically up and down. (Ying governs blood and belongs to Yin Qi. When disease is in the Yin aspect, Yang overcomes it, resulting in alternating chills and fever. Yin disease leads to Yin deficiency; Yin deficiency leads to lack of Qi, resulting in shortness of breath. Pathogens in the blood cause erratic movement of blood up and down. Therefore, when needling the Ying level, one should treat the blood aspect.)
When the Wei level is diseased, there is Qi pain that comes and goes intermittently, chest oppression with sighing, and abdominal borborygmi sounding like galloping horses, due to Wind-Cold pathogens lodging in the stomach and intestines. (Wei Qi belongs to Yang and is the fierce and slippery Qi derived from food and drink. Disease in the Yang aspect results in Qi pain. As Qi has no fixed form, the pain comes and goes. Fu refers to depression and anger; Xi refers to deep sighing; Benxiang refers to abdominal sounds resembling running horses. These are all disorders of the Qi aspect. Wind-Cold attacks externally and lodges between the stomach and intestines. Because the Six Fu organs belong to the exterior, Yang pathogens tend to attach to them, so the disease arises from Wei Qi. Fu is pronounced fú; Xi is pronounced xì.)
Cold Bi disease manifests as pathogens lingering without departing, causing intermittent pain and skin numbness (loss of sensation). (When Cold Bi lingers for a long time, blood vessels do not flow smoothly, leading to stagnation and pain, or the skin loses sensitivity to pain and itch, manifesting as numbness.)
Huangdi asked: How does one cause heat to enter internally when needling Cold Bi? Bogao replied: For commoners, use fire moxibustion/cauterization; for nobles, use herbal compresses. (Causing heat to enter internally means warming the meridians. Commoners have turbid and sluggish Qi and Blood, so they should undergo cauterization, such as the Lei Huo Zhen (Thunder Fire Needle) or moxa-garlic steaming used in later times. Fan is pronounced cuán, meaning to scorch.)
Huangdi asked: How is the herbal compress prepared? Bogao replied: Take twenty sheng of pure wine, one sheng of Shu pepper, one jin of dried ginger, and one jin of Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart). These four ingredients should be chewed or crushed into bean-sized pieces and soaked in the wine. Add one jin of cotton wadding and four zhang of fine white cloth, and put them together into the wine. Place the container in a furnace burning dry horse manure, cover and seal it with salt mud to prevent leakage. After five days and nights, take out the cloth and cotton wadding, sun-dry them, and then soak them again in the wine until all the juice is absorbed. Each soaking must last a full day before drying. Finally, mix the dregs with the cotton wadding, wrap them in multiple layers of cloth to make "Fu Jin" (double-layered cloths), each six or seven chi long, making six or seven such cloths. Then, heat the cloths using raw mulberry charcoal and apply them to the acupoints needled for Cold Bi, allowing the heat to penetrate to the site of the disease. When the cloth cools, reheat it and continue applying for thirty repetitions. Wipe the sweat from the body with the cloth, also for thirty repetitions. (Ju refers to chewing herbs finely in ancient times; later generations used knives but retained the term. Zi means soaking. Placing in horse manure fire refers to simmering over burning dry horse manure, commonly used in the northwest. Tu refers to sealing with salt mud. Xun refers to ten days. Fu Jin refers to double-layered cloths acting like pockets to hold the cotton and dregs. Zi refers to dregs. Raw mulberry charcoal is used because mulberry wood benefits joints and dispels Wind-Cold-Damp Bi pains. Nobles have clear and smooth Qi and Blood, so for them, only herbal compresses are needed before and after needling to unblock the meridians, induce sweating, and eliminate Cold Bi. Nei is synonymous with Na. Shi is synonymous with Shi. Fan is pronounced fán. Yun is pronounced wèi; Zi is pronounced zǐ. Fu is pronounced fù.)
After needling, walk inside a sealed room and avoid exposure to wind. Apply the compress every time after needling. In this way, the disease will be cured. This is what is meant by causing heat to enter internally. (Walking inside a sealed room after needling aims to promote Qi and Blood circulation while carefully avoiding Wind-Cold. All these methods constitute the technique of causing heat to enter internally.)