（《灵枢·血络论》全）
黄帝曰∶愿闻其奇邪而不在经者。岐伯曰∶血络是也。（奇邪，即缪刺论所谓奇病也。在络不在经，行无常处，故曰
奇邪。）黄帝曰∶刺血络而仆者何也？血出而射者何也？血少黑而浊者何也？血出清而半为汁者何也？发针而肿者何也？
血出若多若少而面色苍苍者何也？发针而面色不变而烦 者何也？多出血而不动摇者何也？愿闻其故。（ ，母本切，闷
乱也。）岐伯曰∶脉气盛而血虚者，刺之则脱气，脱气则仆。（气虽盛而血则虚者，若泻其气，则阴阳俱脱，故为仆倒。）
血气俱盛而阴气多者，其血滑，刺之则射。（血出而能射者，阴中之气使之也，故曰血气俱盛。）阳气蓄积，久留而不泻
者，其血黑以浊，故不能射。（阳气久留不泻，则阳邪日盛，阴血日枯，故血黑以浊，所出不多，不能射也。）新饮而液
渗于络，而未合和于血也，故血出而汁别焉。（新饮入胃，未及变化而渗于络，故血汁相半。）其不新饮者，身中有水，
久则为肿，阴气积于阳，其气因于络，故刺之血未出而气先行，故肿。（水在肌表而因于络，阴气积于阳分也；刺之血未
出而气先行，阴滞于阳而不易散也，所以为肿。）阴阳之气，其新相得而未和合，因而泻之，则阴阳俱脱，表里相离，故
脱色而苍苍然。（新相得而未和合者，言血气初调，营卫甫定也。当此之时，根本未固，而妄施以泻，则阴阳表里俱致脱
离，而衰危之色故见于面也。）刺之血出多、色不变而烦 者，刺络而虚经，虚经之属于阴者阴脱，故烦 。（取血者，
刺其络也。若出血过多，必虚及于经。经之属阴者主脏，脏虚则阴脱，故为烦 。）阴阳相得而合为痹者，此为内溢于经，
外注于络，如是者阴阳俱有余，虽多出血而弗能虚也。（阴阳相得，言表里之邪相合也。经络之病俱有余，虽多出血，皆
邪气耳，故弗能虚。）黄帝曰∶相之奈何？岐伯曰∶血脉者，盛坚横以赤，上下无常处，小者如针，大者如筋，则而泻之
万全也，故无失数矣；失数而反，各如其度。（相，视也。视其血络盛而且坚及横以赤者，或上或下、或小或大者，皆当
因其微甚则而泻之，泻有则度，故可万全无失于刺络之术数矣。若失其数而反其法，则为仆为脱为虚为肿等证，各如刺
度以相应也。）黄帝曰∶针入而肉着者何也？岐伯曰∶热气因于针则针热，热则肉着于针，故坚焉。（肉着者，吸着于针
也。针入而热，肉必附之，故紧涩难转，而坚不可拔也。）
黄帝说：我想听听那些奇异之邪，它们不在经脉中的情况。岐伯说：那就是血络。（奇邪，就是《缪刺论》中所说的奇病。病位在络脉而不在经脉，运行没有固定的地方，所以称为奇邪。）黄帝说：为什么针刺血络后会出现昏倒的现象？为什么有的出血呈喷射状？为什么有的血液颜色黑且浑浊？为什么有的血液清稀且一半是汁液？为什么出针后局部出现肿胀？为什么有的出血量或多或少，但面色却发青苍暗？为什么出针后面色没有变化却感到烦闷？为什么有的大量出血后身体却不摇动？我想了解其中的原因。（“烦”，读音为母本切，意为烦乱。）
岐伯说：如果脉气旺盛而血液虚弱，针刺会导致气脱，气脱就会昏倒。（虽然气盛但血虚，如果泻其气，那么阴阳都会脱失，所以导致昏倒。）如果血气都旺盛，且阴气较多，血液滑利，针刺时血液就会喷射而出。（血液能喷射出来，是因为阴中之气的作用，所以说这是血气俱盛的表现。）如果阳气蓄积，长久停留而不宣泄，血液就会黑而浑浊，所以不能喷射。（阳气长久停留不宣泄，阳邪日益强盛，阴血日益枯竭，所以血液黑而浑浊，流出量少，不能喷射。）如果是刚喝过水，津液渗入络脉，但尚未与血液调和，所以出血时血液和汁液分开。（新饮入胃，还没来得及化生就渗入络脉，所以血和汁各半。）如果不是新近饮水，而是体内有水湿，时间久了就会形成水肿，这是因为阴气积聚在阳分，气机阻滞于络脉，所以针刺时血还没出来气先运行，导致阴气滞留在阳分而不易消散，从而引起肿胀。（水湿在肌表并因络脉受阻，阴气积聚在阳分；针刺时血未出而气先行，阴气滞留于阳分而不易散开，所以发生肿胀。）如果阴阳之气刚刚相遇但尚未调和，此时进行泻法，会导致阴阳俱脱，表里分离，所以面色会失去血色而显得青苍。（所谓“新相得而未和合”，是指气血刚刚调理，营卫刚刚安定。在这个时候，根本尚未稳固，如果妄用泻法，就会导致阴阳表里都出现脱失，衰危的神色因此出现在脸上。）如果针刺出血多，但面色不变却感到烦闷，这是因为刺络脉使经脉空虚，属于阴的经脉空虚则阴气脱失，所以感到烦闷。（取血是刺络脉。如果出血过多，必然会波及经脉。属于阴的经脉主脏，脏虚则阴气脱失，所以产生烦闷。）如果阴阳之气相合而形成痹证，这是邪气内溢于经脉，外注于络脉，像这种情况阴阳都有余邪，即使大量出血也不能使其虚弱。（“阴阳相得”是指表里的邪气相合。经络的病邪都有余，即使大量出血，排出的都是邪气，所以不能使正气虚弱。）
黄帝说：如何诊察呢？岐伯说：血脉如果盛大、坚硬、横张且发红，上下位置不固定，小的如针尖，大的如筋腱，顺着这些征象进行泻法就能万无一失，所以不要违背这个法则；如果违背了法则反而出错，就会出现各种病症，程度各不相同。（“相”是视诊的意思。观察那些血络盛大而且坚硬、横张发红的，或者上下位置不定、大小不一的，都应该根据情况的轻重缓急进行泻法，泻法有准则和限度，所以在刺络的技术上可以万全无失。如果违背了法则，就会出现昏倒、脱失、虚弱、肿胀等证候，各自对应不同的刺法失误程度。）
黄帝说：为什么针扎进去后肌肉会附着在针上呢？岐伯说：热气依附在针上，使针变热，热则肌肉附着在针上，所以感觉紧涩坚硬。（肉着，是指肌肉吸附在针上。针入后发热，肌肉必然附着，所以紧涩难转，坚硬不可拔出。）
Huangdi said: I wish to hear about the strange pathogens that are not in the meridians. Qibo said: They are the blood collaterals. (Strange pathogens refer to the strange diseases mentioned in the *Miao Ci Lun*. Located in the collaterals rather than the meridians, they move without a fixed location, hence called "strange pathogens".) Huangdi said: Why does fainting occur after puncturing blood collaterals? Why does blood spray out? Why is the blood dark and turbid? Why is the blood clear with half of it being fluid? Why does swelling occur after removing the needle? Why does the complexion turn pale or bluish despite varying amounts of bleeding? Why does one feel irritable and stifled without a change in complexion after removing the needle? Why does heavy bleeding not cause body tremors? I wish to understand the reasons. ("Irritable and stifled" [Fan Man], pronounced 'mu ben qie', means mental agitation.)
Qibo said: When the pulse qi is abundant but the blood is deficient, puncturing will cause Qi depletion; Qi depletion leads to fainting. (Although Qi is abundant, Blood is deficient; if Qi is drained, both Yin and Yang will deplete, leading to collapse.) When both Blood and Qi are abundant, and Yin Qi is predominant, the blood is slippery, so puncturing causes it to spray. (The ability of blood to spray is caused by the Qi within Yin, thus described as abundance of both Blood and Qi.) When Yang Qi accumulates and remains stagnant for a long time without discharge, the blood becomes black and turbid, hence unable to spray. (Prolonged stagnation of Yang Qi allows Yang pathogens to increase daily while Yin Blood diminishes, resulting in black, turbid blood with low volume and no spraying force.) If one has recently drunk fluids, the liquid seeps into the collaterals before harmonizing with the blood, so the blood and fluid separate upon discharge. (Newly ingested fluids enter the stomach and seep into collaterals before transformation, resulting in equal parts blood and fluid.) If one has not recently drunk, but water retention exists in the body for a long time, edema develops. This is because Yin Qi accumulates in the Yang aspect, and Qi stagnates in the collaterals; thus, upon puncturing, Qi moves before Blood, causing Yin stagnation in Yang which is difficult to dissipate, leading to swelling. (Water in the muscle layer obstructs collaterals, with Yin Qi accumulating in the Yang division; puncturing causes Qi to precede Blood, trapping Yin in Yang and preventing dispersion, hence swelling.) When Yin and Yang Qi have just met but are not yet harmonized, applying draining methods will cause simultaneous depletion of Yin and Yang, separating the interior from the exterior, resulting in a loss of color and a bluish complexion. ("Just met but not harmonized" refers to the initial regulation of Qi and Blood and the stabilization of Ying and Wei. At this stage, the root is not yet solid; reckless draining causes depletion of Yin/Yang and Interior/Exterior, manifesting as a critical, wan complexion on the face.) If puncturing results in heavy bleeding, unchanged complexion, but irritability, it is because puncturing the collaterals empties the meridians; emptying the Yin-associated meridians leads to Yin depletion, causing irritability. (Blood extraction involves puncturing collaterals. Excessive bleeding inevitably empties the meridians. Meridians associated with Yin govern the Zang organs; Zang deficiency leads to Yin depletion, causing irritability.) When Yin and Yang Qi combine to form Bi syndrome, pathogens overflow internally into the meridians and externally into the collaterals. In such cases, both Yin and Yang have excess pathogens; even heavy bleeding cannot weaken the condition. ("Yin and Yang combining" refers to the convergence of Exterior and Interior pathogens. Both meridian and collateral pathologies are in excess; heavy bleeding only expels pathogens, failing to weaken the patient's Zheng Qi.)
Huangdi said: How should one inspect them? Qibo said: If the blood vessels are full, hard, transverse, and red, with locations varying up and down, small as needle points or large as sinews, draining according to these signs ensures complete safety; thus, do not deviate from this principle. Deviating from the principle leads to adverse reactions corresponding to the degree of error. ("Inspect" means visual examination. Observe blood collaterals that are full, hard, transverse, and red, regardless of position or size. Drainage should be tailored to the severity. Adhering to proper techniques ensures safety. Deviation leads to symptoms like fainting, depletion, weakness, or swelling, proportional to the technical error.)
Huangdi said: Why does the flesh adhere to the needle upon insertion? Qibo said: Heat adheres to the needle, making it hot; heat causes the flesh to stick to the needle, making it tight and firm. (Flesh adherence means the tissue attaches to the needle. Upon insertion, heat causes the flesh to bind tightly, making rotation difficult and extraction hard due to stiffness.)