（喘）
喘∶火气甚为夏热，衰为冬寒。故病寒则气衰而息微，病热则气甚而息粗，又寒水为阴
，主乎迟缓；热火为阳，主乎急数。故寒则息迟气微，热则息数气粗而为喘也。
（呕）
呕∶胃膈热甚则为呕，火气上炎之象也。
（吐酸）
吐酸∶酸者，肝木之味也。由火盛制金，不能平木，则肝木自甚，故为酸也。如饮食热
则易于酸矣。或言吐酸为寒者，误也。又如酒之味苦而性热，能养心火，故饮之则令人色赤
气粗，脉洪大而数，语涩谵妄，歌唱悲笑，喜怒如狂，冒昧健忘，烦渴，呕吐，皆热证也。
其吐必酸，为热明矣。况热则五味皆浓。《经》曰∶“在地为化，化生五味，”皆属土也。然土旺胜
水，不能制火，则火化自甚，故五味热食，则味皆浓也。是以肝热则口酸，心热则口苦，脾
热则口甘，肺热则口辛，肾热则口咸。或口淡者，胃热也。胃属土，土为万物之母，故胃为
一身之本，淡为五味之本。
然则吐酸，岂为寒者欤？所以妄言为寒者，但谓多伤生硬粘滑，
或伤冷物，而喜噫醋吞酸，故俗医主于温和脾胃，岂知《经》言∶“人之伤于寒也，则为病热。”盖
寒伤皮毛，则腠理闭密，阳气怫郁，不能通畅，则为热也。故伤寒身表热者，热在表也。宜
以麻黄汤类甘辛热药发散；以使腠理开通，汗泄热退而愈也。凡内伤冷物者，或即阴胜阳，
而为病寒者。或寒热相击，而致肠胃阳气怫郁而为热者；亦有内伤冷物而反病热，得大汗热
泄身凉而愈也，或微而不为他病，止为中酸，俗谓之“醋心”是也。法宜温药散之，亦犹解
表之义，以使肠胃结滞开通，怫热散而和也。若久喜酸而不已，则不宜温之，宜以寒药下之
，后以凉药调之，结散热去则气和也。所以中酸不宜食粘滑油腻者，是谓能令阳气壅塞，郁
结不通畅也。如饮食在器，覆盖，热而自酸也。宜餐 食菜蔬，能令气之通利也。
（暴注）
暴注∶卒暴注泄也。肠胃热甚而传化失常，火性疾速，故如是也。
（下迫）
下迫∶后重里急，窘迫急痛也，火性急速而能燥物故也。
（转筋）
转筋∶《经》云转反戾也，热气燥烁于筋，则挛 而痛，火主燔灼，燥动故也。或以为寒客
于筋者，误也。盖寒虽主于收引，然止为厥逆禁固，屈伸不便，安得为转筋也！所谓转者，
动也，阳动阴静，热证明矣。夫转筋者，多因热甚，霍乱吐泻所致。以脾胃土衰，则肝木自
甚，而热燥于筋，故转筋也。大法渴则为热。凡霍乱转筋而不渴者，未之有也。或不因吐泻
，但外冒于寒，而腠理闭密，阳气郁结，怫热内作，热燥于筋，则转筋也。故诸转筋以汤渍
之，而使腠理开泄，阳气散则愈也。因汤渍而愈，故俗反疑为寒也。
（小便混浊）
小便混浊∶天气热则水混浊，寒则清洁，水体清而火体浊故也。又如清水为汤，则自然
浊也。
（腹胀）
腹胀大，鼓之如鼓∶气为阳，阳为热，气甚则如是也。
（痈）、（疽）、（疡）、（疹）、（瘤气）、（结核）
痈∶浅而大也。经曰∶热胜血，则为痈脓也。
疽∶深而恶也。
疡∶有头小疮也。
疹∶浮小瘾疹也。
瘤气、赤瘤、丹 ∶热胜气也，火之色也。
结核∶火气热甚则郁结，坚硬如果中核，不必溃发，但令热气散则自消矣。
（吐下霍乱）
吐下霍乱∶三焦为水谷传化之道路，热气甚则传化失常，而吐泻霍乱，火性燥动故也。
或云热无吐泻，止是停寒者，误也。大法吐泻烦渴为热，不渴为寒；或热吐泻，始得之，亦
有不渴者；若不止则亡液，而后必渴。或寒本不渴，若亡津液过多，则亦燥而渴也。但寒者
脉当沉细而迟，热者脉当实大而数。或损气亡液过极，则脉亦不能实数，而反弱缓，虽尔，
亦为热矣。
又曰∶泻白为寒，青、黄、红、赤、黑，皆为热也。盖泻白者，肺之色也。由寒水
甚而制火，不能平金，则肺金自甚，故色白也。如浊水凝冰，则自然清莹而明白。利色青者
，肝木之色也，由火甚制金，不能平木，则肝木自甚，故色青也。或言利色青为寒者，误也
。仲景法曰∶少阴病下利清水，色纯青者，热在里也，大承气汤下之。及夫小儿热甚急惊，
利色多青，为热明矣。利色黄者，由火甚则水必衰，而脾土自旺，故色黄也。利色红为热者
，心火之色也；或赤者，热深甚也。至若利色黑，亦言为热者，由火热过极，则反兼水化制
之，故色黑也，如伤寒阳明病，热极则日晡潮热，甚则不识人，循衣摸床，独语如见鬼状，法
当大承气汤下之。大便不黑者易治，黑者难治，诸痢同法。
然辨痢色以明寒热者，更当审其
饮食药物之色。如小儿病热，吐利霍乱，其乳未及消化，而痢尚白者，不可便言为寒，当以
脉证别之。大法泻痢小便清白不涩为寒，赤涩为热。又完谷不化而色不变，吐利腥秽，澄澈
清冷，小便清白不涩，身凉不渴，脉迟细而微者，寒证也；谷虽不化，而色变非白，烦渴小
便赤黄，而或涩者，热证也。凡谷消化者，无问色及他证，便为热也。寒泻而谷消化者，未
之有也。由寒则不能消化谷也。或火主疾速而热甚，则传化失常，谷不能化而飧泄者，亦有
之矣。仲景曰，邪热不杀谷。然热得于湿，则飧泄也。
或言下痢白为寒，误也。若果为寒，则不能消谷，何由反化为脓也？所谓下痢谷反为脓血，如世之谷肉果菜，湿热
甚，
则自然腐烂溃发，化为污水。故食于腹中，感人湿热邪气，则自然溃发，化为脓血也，其热为赤，热
属心火故也。其湿为黄，湿属脾土故也。燥郁为白，属肺金也。《经》曰∶“诸气 郁，皆属
于肺。”谓燥金之化也。王冰曰∶“郁，谓奔迫，气之为用，金气同之。”然诸泻痢皆兼于湿，
今反言气燥者，谓湿热甚于肠胃之内，而肠胃怫热郁结，而又湿主乎痞，以致气液不得宣通
，因以成肠胃之燥，使烦渴不止也。假如下痢赤白，俗言寒热相兼，其说犹误。岂知水火阴
阳寒热者，犹权衡也，一高则必一下，一盛则必一衰，岂能寒热俱甚于肠胃，而同为痢乎？
如热生疮疡，而出白脓者，岂可以白为寒欤？由其在皮肤之分，属肺金，故色白也；次在血
脉之分，属心火，故为血疖也；在肌肉，属脾土，故作黄脓；在筋部，属肝木，故其脓色带
苍；深至骨，属肾水，故紫黑血出也。各随五脏之部而见五色，是谓标也；本则一出于热，
但分浅深而已。大法下迫窘痛，后重里急，小便赤涩，皆属燥热，而下痢白者，必多有之，然则为热明矣。
或曰∶白痢既为热病，何故服辛热之药，亦有愈者耶？盖辛热之药，能开发肠
胃郁结，使气液宣通，流湿润燥，气和而已。然病微者可愈，甚者郁结不开，其病转加而死
矣。凡治热甚吐泻亦然。夫治诸痢者，莫若以辛苦寒药治之，或微加辛热佐之则可。盖辛热
能发散开通郁结，苦能燥湿，寒能胜热，使气宣平而已。如钱氏香连丸之类是也。故治诸痢
者，黄连、黄柏为君，以其至苦大寒，正主湿热之病。乃若世传辛热金石毒药，治诸吐泻下利
，或有愈者，以其善开郁结故也。然虽亦有验者，或不中效，反更加害。凡用大毒之药必是
善药不能取效，不得已而用之可也，幸有善药，虽不能取效，但有益而无损者，何必用大毒
之药，而谩劳 也。《经》曰∶宁小与其大，宁善与其毒，此之谓也。
至如带下之理，犹诸痢也，但分经络与标之殊，病之本气则一。举世皆言白带下为寒者，误矣。所谓带下者
，任脉之病也。《经》曰∶“任脉者，起于中极之下，以上毛际，循腹里，上关元，至咽喉，上颐
，循面入目络舌。”任脉自胞上过带脉，贯脐而上。然其病所发，正在过带脉之分，而淋沥以
下，故曰带下也。赤白与下痢义同，而无寒者也。大法头目昏眩，口苦舌干，咽嗌不利，小
便赤涩，大便秘滞，脉实而数者，皆热证也。凡带下者，亦多有之。果为病寒，岂能若此？《经》曰
∶“亢则害，承乃制。”谓亢过极，则反兼胜己之化，制其甚也。如以火炼金，热极则反为水。
又如六月热极，则物反出液而湿润，林木流津。故肝热甚则出泣，心热甚则出汗。脾热甚则出涎，肺热甚
则出涕，肾热甚则出唾。亦犹煎
汤，热甚则沸溢，及热气熏蒸于物，而生津者也。故下部任脉湿热甚者，津液涌溢而为带下
也。每见俗医治白带下者，但根据近世方论，而用辛热之药。病之微者，虽或误中，能令郁结
开通，气液宣行，流湿润燥，热散气和而愈。其或势甚而郁结不能开通者，旧病转加，热证
新起，以至于死，终无所悟。曷若以辛苦寒药，按法治之，使微者、甚者，皆得郁结开通，
湿去燥除，热散气和而愈。无不中其病，而免加其害。
且如一切怫热郁结者，不必止以辛甘
热药能开发也，如石膏、滑石、甘草、葱、豉之类寒药，皆能开发郁结。以其本热，故得寒则
散也。夫辛甘热药，皆能发散者，以力强开冲也。然发之不开者，病热转加也。如桂枝、麻
黄类辛甘热药，攻表不中病者，其热转甚也。是故善用之者，须加寒药，不热，则恐热甚发
黄，惊狂或出矣。如表热当发汗者，用辛甘热药。苟不中其病，尚能加害，况里热郁结，不
当发汗，而误以热药发之不开者乎？又如伤寒表热怫郁，燥而无汗，发令汗出者，非谓辛甘
热药属阳，能令汗出也，由怫热郁结开通，则热蒸而自汗出也。不然，则平人表无怫热者服
之，安有如斯汗出也？其或伤寒日深，表热入里，而误以辛甘热药汗之者，不惟汗不能出，
而又热病转加，古人以为当死者也。又如表热服石膏、知母、甘草、滑石、葱、豉之类寒药
，汗出而解者；及热病半在表，半在里，服小柴胡汤寒药，能令汗出而愈者；热甚服大柴胡
汤下之，更甚者，小承气汤，调胃承气汤、大承气汤下之。发黄者，茵陈蒿汤下之；结胸者
，陷胸汤、丸下之。此皆大寒之利药也，反能中病，以令汗出而愈。然而中外怫热郁结，燥
而无汗，岂但由辛甘热药为阳，而能开发汗出也。况或病微者，不治自然作汗而愈者也。所
以能令作汗之由者，但怫热郁结，复得开通，则热蒸而作汗也！凡治上下中外一切怫热郁结者，
法当仿此。随其浅深，察其微甚，适其所宜而治之。慎
不可悉如发表，但以辛甘热药而已。
大抵人既有形，不能无病，有生不能无死。然而病者，
当按法治之。其有病已危极，未能取效者，或已衰老而真气倾竭，不能扶救而死者，此则非
医者之过也；若阴阳不审，标本不明，误投汤药，实实虚虚而致死者，谁之过欤！
且如酒之味苦而性热，能养心火，久饮之。则肠胃怫热郁结，而气液不能宣通，令人心腹痞满，不能
多食，谷气内发，而不能宣通于肠胃之外，故喜噫而或下气也。腹空水谷衰少，则阳气自甚
，而又洗嗽劳动，兼汤渍之，则阳气转甚，故多呕而或昏眩也，俗云酒隔病耳。夫表里怫热
郁结者，得暖则稍得开通而愈，得寒则转闭而病加，由是喜暖而恶寒！今酒隔者，若饮冷酒
，或酒不佳，或不喜而强饮者，肠胃郁结转闭，而满闷不能下也。或至饮兴者，或热饮醇酒
者，或喜饮者，能令郁结开通，善多饮也，因而过醉，则阳气益甚而阴气转衰，酒力散，则
郁结转甚而病加矣。
夫中酒热毒，反热饮以复投者，令郁结得开，而气液皆复得宣通也。凡
酒病者，必须续续饮之，不然则病重，不能饮，郁结不得开故也。凡郁结甚者，转恶寒而喜
暖，所谓亢则害，承乃制，而阳极反似阴者也！俗未明之，因而妄谓寒病，误以热药攻之，
或微者郁结开通而不再结，气和而愈也；甚
者稍得开通，而药力尽则郁结转甚也。其减则微，其加即甚。俗无所悟，但云药至即稍减，
药去即病加，惟恨药小，未能痊除，因而志心服之，以至怫热太甚，则中满腹胀而 肿
也。若小便涩而湿热内甚者，故发黄也，犹物湿热者，蒸之而发黄也。世俗多用巴豆大毒热
药，以治酒隔者，以其辛热能开发肠胃之郁结也。微者结散而愈，甚者郁结不开，怫热转甚
而病加也。恨其满闷故多服以利之，或得郁结开通而愈者，以其大毒性热。然虽郁结得开
，奈亡血液，损其阴气，故或续后怫热再结，而病转者甚也。因思得利时愈，而复利之，如
前之说，以利三五次间，则阴气衰残，阳热太甚，而大小便赤涩发黄，腹胀肿满也。或湿热
内甚，而时复濡泄也。
或但伤饮食，而怫热郁结，亦如酒病，转成水肿者不为少矣。终不知
怫热内作则脉必沉数而实，法当辛苦寒药治之，结散热退，气和而已。或热甚郁结不能开通
者，法当辛苦寒药下之，热退结散而无郁结也。所谓结者，怫郁而气液不能宣通也，非谓大
便之结硬耳。或云水肿者，由脾土衰虚，而不能制其肾水，则水气妄行，而脾主四肢，故水
（喘）
喘：火气旺盛时表现为夏季的炎热，衰弱时表现为冬季的寒冷。因此，患寒病时气机衰弱而呼吸微弱，患热病时气机亢盛而呼吸粗重；另外，寒水属于阴，主司迟缓；热火属于阳，主司急数。所以，寒证则呼吸缓慢、气息微弱，热证则呼吸急促、气息粗重并导致气喘。
（呕）
呕：胃膈部位热势炽盛就会发生呕吐，这是火气向上炎升的表现。
（吐酸）
吐酸：酸味是肝木对应的味道。由于火气过盛克制了肺金，不能制约肝木，导致肝木之气自盛，所以产生酸味。就像食物受热后容易变酸一样。有人说吐酸是由于寒邪引起的，这是错误的。又如酒的味道苦而性质热，能助长心火，所以饮酒后会让人面色红润、呼吸粗重、脉搏洪大而快速、言语迟钝且胡言乱语、唱歌哭泣或大笑、喜怒无常如发狂、神志昏蒙健忘、烦躁口渴、呕吐，这些都是热证的表现。其呕吐物必定带酸味，这清楚地表明是热证。况且热能使五味都变得浓厚。《内经》说：“在地化为化生过程，化生五味”，这些都归属于土。然而土旺则胜水，不能制约火，那么火的热化作用就会特别强盛，所以食用热的五味食物，味道都会变得浓厚。因此，肝热则口酸，心热则口苦，脾热则口甘，肺热则口辛，肾热则口咸。如果口淡，则是胃热。胃属土，土是万物的母亲，所以胃是一身的根本，淡是五味的根本。
那么吐酸，难道是寒证吗？那些胡乱说是寒证的人，只是看到病人多因损伤生冷坚硬粘滑之物，或吃了冷物，喜欢打嗝泛酸吞酸，所以民间医生主张用温和脾胃的方法治疗，哪里知道《内经》说：“人受寒邪侵袭，就会变成热病。”大概是因为寒邪伤了皮毛，使腠理密闭，阳气郁结不通畅，从而化热。所以伤寒导致身体表面发热，是热在表。应当用麻黄汤类甘辛热的药物来发散，以使腠理开通，汗出热退而痊愈。凡是内伤冷物的人，有的立即出现阴胜阳衰而成为寒病；有的寒热相互搏击，导致肠胃阳气郁结而化热；也有内伤冷物反而得热病，通过大汗出、热泄身凉而痊愈的；或者病情轻微而不引发其他疾病，只表现为中焦泛酸，俗称“醋心”。治疗方法宜用温药散之，这也如同解表的道理，以使肠胃中的结滞开通，郁热消散而调和。如果长期喜欢酸味而不停止，就不宜再用温药，而应用寒药攻下，之后用凉药调理，待结散热去则气和顺。之所以中焦泛酸不宜吃粘滑油腻的食物，是因为这些食物能使阳气壅塞，郁结不通畅。就像食物放在容器中覆盖起来，受热自然会变酸。适宜进食蔬菜，能使气机通利。
（暴注）
暴注：突然剧烈的腹泻。肠胃热势炽盛而传导消化功能失常，火性疾速，所以会出现这种情况。
（下迫）
下迫：里急后重，窘迫急痛，这是因为火性急速且能燥伤津液所致。
（转筋）
转筋：《内经》称之为转反戾。热气燥烁筋脉，就会导致痉挛疼痛，火主燃烧灼烧，具有燥动特性。有人认为这是寒邪客于筋脉所致，这是错误的。虽然寒主收引，但仅表现为四肢厥逆僵硬，屈伸不便，怎么能说是转筋呢！所谓“转”，就是动的意思，阳主动阴主静，这显然是热证。转筋大多因为热势极盛，由霍乱吐泻引起。由于脾胃土气衰弱，肝木之气自盛，热燥伤及筋脉，所以发生转筋。大凡口渴就是热证。凡是霍乱转筋却不口渴的，从未有过。或者不因吐泻，只是外感寒邪，使腠理密闭，阳气郁结，郁热内生，燥伤筋脉，也会发生转筋。所以各种转筋用热水浸泡患处，使腠理开泄，阳气散发就能痊愈。因为用热水浸泡而痊愈，所以世俗反而怀疑是寒证。
（小便混浊）
小便混浊：天气热时水就混浊，天冷时水就清洁，这是因为水的本体清而火的本体浊的缘故。又如清水煮成汤，自然就浑浊了。
（腹胀）
腹胀大，敲击如鼓声：气属于阳，阳属于热，气机亢盛就会这样。
（痈）、（疽）、（疡）、（疹）、（瘤气）、（结核）
痈：浅表而范围大。经书说：热胜血分，就会形成痈脓。
疽：深在且凶险。
疡：有头的小疮。
疹：浮起的小皮疹。
瘤气、赤瘤、丹毒：热胜气分，是火的颜色。
结核：火气热盛则郁结，坚硬像果核中的核，不必溃破排出，只要让热气消散就会自然消除。
（吐下霍乱）
吐下霍乱：三焦是水谷传化的道路，热气炽盛则传化失常，导致吐泻霍乱，这是火性燥动的缘故。
有人说热证没有吐泻，只有停寒才会，这是错误的。大凡吐泻伴烦渴为热证，不渴为寒证；或者是热性吐泻，刚发病时，也可能有不渴的情况；如果不止泻就会耗伤津液，随后必然口渴。或者原本寒证不渴，但如果津液亡失过多，也会干燥而口渴。单纯寒证的脉象应当沉细而迟，热证的脉象应当实大而数。或者如果气液亡失过于严重，脉象也不能实数，反而弱缓，即使如此，也属于热证。
又说：泻下白色粪便为寒证，青色、黄色、红色、赤色、黑色，都属于热证。泻下白色，是肺的颜色。由于寒水过盛克制了心火，不能制约肺金，导致肺金自盛，所以颜色白。就像浊水凝结成冰，自然清澈明亮。泻下青色，是肝木的颜色，由于火气过盛克制肺金，不能制约肝木，导致肝木自盛，所以颜色青。有人说泻下青色为寒证，这是错误的。张仲景的法度说：少阴病下利清水，颜色纯青，说明热在里，应用大承气汤攻下。以及小儿热盛急惊风，泻下颜色多青，这清楚表明是热证。泻下黄色，由于火气过盛则水气必衰，而脾土自旺，所以颜色黄。泻下红色为热证，是心火的颜色；或者赤色，说明热势深重。至于泻下黑色，也说属于热证，由于火热过极，反而兼有水气的变化来制约它，所以颜色黑。就像伤寒阳明病，热极则在傍晚潮热，严重时不认识人，循衣摸床，独语如见鬼状，法度当用大承气汤攻下。大便不黑的容易治疗，黑的难治，各种痢疾都按此法处理。
然而辨别痢疾颜色以明确寒热，更应当审视饮食药物的颜色。比如小儿患热病，吐泻霍乱，乳汁尚未消化，而泻下尚白的，不可立即说是寒证，应当通过脉证来辨别。大凡泻痢小便清白不涩为寒证，赤涩为热证。又如果完谷不化且颜色不变，吐利腥秽，澄澈清冷，小便清白不涩，身体凉爽不渴，脉迟细而微，这是寒证；谷物虽不消化，但颜色改变非白色，烦躁口渴，小便赤黄，或者涩滞，这是热证。凡是谷物能消化的，无论颜色和其他症状，都是热证。寒泻而谷物能消化的，从未有过。因为寒邪不能消化谷物。或者火性疾速而热势极盛，导致传化失常，谷物不能消化而致飧泄的，也有这种情况。张仲景说，邪热不杀谷。然而热得湿邪，就会发生飧泄。
有人说下痢白色为寒证，这是错误的。如果真的是寒证，就不能消化谷物，怎么会反而化为脓血呢？所谓下痢谷物反而化为脓血，就像世间的谷物肉类果蔬，湿热极盛时，自然会腐烂溃发，化为污水。所以在腹中摄入食物，感受人体湿热邪气，自然会溃发，化为脓血。其中热表现为红色，因为热属于心火；湿表现为黄色，因为湿属于脾土；燥郁表现为白色，属于肺金。《内经》说：“诸气膹郁，皆属于肺。”指的是燥金的化生作用。王冰说：“郁，指奔迫，气的作用，金气与之相同。”然而各种泻痢都兼夹湿邪，现在反而说气燥，是指湿热在肠胃内部极盛，导致肠胃郁热结滞，而又湿主痞塞，致使气液不得宣通，因而造成肠胃的燥，使烦渴不止。假如下痢赤白，俗话说是寒热夹杂，这种说法仍然是错误的。难道不知道水火阴阳寒热，就像秤杆一样，一端高则另一端必低，一端盛则另一端必衰，怎么可能寒热同时在肠胃极盛，而同为痢疾呢？就像热生疮疡，而出白色脓液的，难道可以说白色就是寒吗？因为它在皮肤之分，属于肺金，所以颜色白；其次在血脉之分，属于心火，所以是血疖；在肌肉，属于脾土，所以作黄脓；在筋部，属于肝木，所以脓色带苍青色；深至骨，属于肾水，所以紫黑血出。各随五脏的部位而显现五色，这叫标；本则都出于热，只是深浅不同而已。大凡里急后重窘痛，后重里急，小便赤涩，都属于燥热，而下痢白色的，必定有很多情况，然而这清楚表明是热证。
有人说：白痢既然是热病，为什么服用辛热药物，也有痊愈的呢？大概辛热药物，能开发肠胃的郁结，使气液宣通，流湿润燥，气和顺而已。然而病情轻微的可以痊愈，严重的郁结不开，病情加重而死。凡是治疗热势极盛的吐泻也是这样。治疗各种痢疾，不如用辛苦寒药治疗，或者稍微加一点辛热药作为佐使即可。因为辛热能发散开通郁结，苦能燥湿，寒能胜热，使气机宣平而已。比如钱乙的香连丸之类就是这样。所以治疗各种痢疾，以黄连、黄柏为君药，因为它们极苦大寒，正主治湿热之病。至于世间流传的辛热金石毒药，治疗各种吐泻下利，有时有痊愈的，是因为它们善于开通郁结。然而虽然有验证有效的，如果不中效，反而增加危害。凡是使用大毒的药物，一定是善药不能取效，不得已才使用的。幸好有善药，虽然不能取效，但有益而无损，何必用大毒的药物，而徒劳无功呢？《内经》说：“宁小勿大，宁善勿毒”，说的就是这个道理。
至于带下的道理，也像各种痢疾，只是经络和标的区别不同，病的根本气机是一样的。举世都说白带下是寒证，这是错误的。所谓带下，是任脉的病。《内经》说：“任脉者，起于中极之下，以上毛际，循腹里，上关元，至咽喉，上颐，循面入目络舌。”任脉从胞宫上过带脉，贯脐而上。然而它的病所发作，正是在经过带脉的部位，淋沥而下，所以叫带下。赤白带下与下痢的意义相同，而没有寒证。大凡头目昏眩，口苦舌干，咽喉不利，小便赤涩，大便秘滞，脉实而数的，都是热证。凡是带下病，也多伴有这些症状。如果是寒病，怎么能这样呢？《内经》说：“亢则害，承乃制。”意思是亢盛过极，则反而兼有胜过自己的气化来制约它。比如用火炼金，热极则反而化为水。又如六月热极，物体反而流出液体而湿润，林木流津。所以肝热甚则流泪，心热甚则出汗，脾热甚则流涎，肺热甚则流涕，肾热甚则吐唾。也像煎汤，热极则沸腾溢出，以及热气熏蒸物体，而生出津液。所以下部任脉湿热极盛的，津液涌溢而为带下。常见民间医生治白带下，只根据近世的方论，而用辛热药物。病情轻微的，虽然误治可能中肯，能让郁结开通，气液宣行，流湿润燥，热散气和而愈。如果病情严重而郁结不能开通的，旧病加重，新起热证，以至于死，始终不明白道理。何不按照法度用辛苦寒药治疗，使轻微和严重的患者，都能郁结开通，湿去燥除，热散气和而愈。无不中病，而避免增加危害。
而且如一切怫热郁结的情况，不一定只用辛甘热药就能开发，如石膏、滑石、甘草、葱、豉等寒药，都能开发郁结。因为本是热证，所以得寒则散。辛甘热药，都能发散，是因为力量强劲强行冲开。然而发之不开的，是病热加重。如桂枝、麻黄类辛甘热药，攻表不中病的，其热反而更甚。所以善用这些药的人，必须加寒药，否则恐怕热甚发黄、惊狂等症出现。如表热当发汗者，用辛甘热药。如果不中病，尚能增加危害，何况里热郁结，不当发汗，而误用热药发之不开的？又如伤寒表热怫郁，燥而无汗，发令汗出的，不是说辛甘热药属阳，能令汗出，而是由怫热郁结开通，则热蒸而自汗出。不然的话，普通人表无怫热者服用它，怎么会有这样的汗出呢？如果伤寒日深，表热入里，而误用辛甘热药发汗的，不但汗不能出，而且热病加重，古人认为当死的。又如表热服石膏、知母、甘草、滑石、葱、豉等寒药，汗出而解的；以及热病半在表半在里，服小柴胡汤寒药，能令汗出而愈的；热甚服大柴胡汤攻下的，更重的，用小承气汤、调胃承气汤、大承气汤攻下的。发黄的，用茵陈蒿汤攻下的；结胸的，用陷胸汤、丸攻下的。这都是大寒的利药，反而能中病，令汗出而愈。然而中外怫热郁结，燥而无汗，难道仅仅因为辛甘热药属阳，而能开发汗出吗？况且病情轻微的，不治自然作汗而愈的。所以能令作汗的原因，只是怫热郁结，复得开通，则热蒸而作汗！凡治疗上下中外一切怫热郁结者，法度应当仿照此例。随其浅深，察其微甚，适其所宜而治之。切不可都像发表那样，只用辛甘热药罢了。
大体上人既然有形，就不能无病，有生就不能无死。然而患病，应当按照法度治疗。如果有病已危极，未能取效的，或者已经衰老而真气倾竭，不能扶救而死的，这则不是医者的过错；如果阴阳不审，标本不明，误投汤药，实实虚虚而导致死亡的，是谁的过错呢！
且如酒的味道苦而性质热，能助长心火，久饮之。则肠胃怫热郁结，而气液不能宣通，令人心腹痞满，不能多食，谷气内发，而不能宣通于肠胃之外，所以喜欢打嗝或者排气。腹部空虚水谷衰少，则阳气自盛，而又洗漱劳动，兼用热水浸泡，则阳气更盛，所以多呕吐或者昏眩，俗称酒隔病。夫表里怫热郁结者，得暖则稍得开通而愈，得寒则转闭而病加，由此喜欢温暖而厌恶寒冷！现在的酒隔病患者，如果喝冷酒，或者酒不好，或者不喜欢而强饮的，肠胃郁结转闭，而满闷不能下咽。或者到饮酒兴致时，或者热饮醇酒的，或者喜欢喝的，能让郁结开通，善于多饮，因而过醉，则阳气益盛而阴气转衰，酒力散，则郁结转甚而病加。
夫中酒热毒，反而热饮以再次投喂的，令郁结得开，而气液皆复得宣通。凡酒病者，必须连续饮用，不然则病重，不能饮，郁结不得开的原因。凡郁结严重的，转恶寒而喜暖，所谓亢则害，承乃制，而阳极反似阴的！世俗不明白这个道理，因而胡乱说是寒病，误用热药攻之，或者轻微的郁结开通而不再结，气和而愈；严重的稍得开通，而药力尽则郁结转甚。其减则微，其加即甚。世俗无所领悟，只说药到即稍减，药去即病加，只恨药量小，未能痊愈，因而专心服用，以至怫热太甚，则中满腹胀而浮肿。如果小便涩而湿热内甚，所以发黄，就像物体湿热，蒸之而发黄。世俗多用巴豆大毒热药，以治酒隔者，因为其辛热能开发肠胃的郁结。轻微的结散而愈，严重的郁结不开，怫热转甚而病加。恨其满闷故多服以利之，或者得郁结开通而愈的，因为其大毒性热。然而虽然郁结得开，奈何亡血液，损其阴气，所以或续后怫热再结，而病转甚。因思得利时愈，而复利之，如前之说，以利三五次间，则阴气衰残，阳热太甚，而大小便赤涩发黄，腹胀肿满。或者湿热内甚，而时复濡泄。
或者但伤饮食，而怫热郁结，也像酒病，转成水肿的不为少数。最终不知道怫热内作则脉必沉数而实，法度当用辛苦寒药治疗，结散热退，气和而已。或者热甚郁结不能开通者，法度当用辛苦寒药攻下，热退结散而无郁结。所谓结者，怫郁而气液不能宣通，不是说大便的结硬耳。或者说水肿者，由脾土衰虚，而不能制其肾水，则水气妄行，而脾主四肢，故水
(Chuan - Panting/Asthma)
Chuan (Panting): When Fire Qi is excessive, it manifests as summer heat; when deficient, it manifests as winter cold. Therefore, in Cold diseases, Qi is weak and respiration is faint; in Heat diseases, Qi is vigorous and respiration is coarse. Furthermore, Cold-Water belongs to Yin and governs slowness; Hot-Fire belongs to Yang and governs urgency and rapidity. Thus, Cold results in slow respiration and faint Qi, while Heat results in rapid respiration, coarse Qi, and panting.
(Ou - Vomiting)
Ou (Vomiting): When Heat in the Stomach and Diaphragm is excessive, vomiting occurs. This is a manifestation of Fire Qi flaming upward.
(Tu Suan - Spitting Sour Fluid)
Tu Suan (Spitting Sour Fluid): The sour taste corresponds to Liver Wood. It arises because excessive Fire controls Lung Metal, failing to balance Liver Wood, causing Liver Wood to become excessive, thus producing sourness. For instance, food becomes sour easily when heated. Some claim that spitting sour fluid is due to Cold; this is an error. Take wine, for example: its taste is bitter and nature is hot, nourishing Heart Fire. Drinking it causes ruddy complexion, coarse respiration, surging and rapid pulse, slurred speech and delirium, singing, crying, laughing, manic anger or joy, mental confusion and forgetfulness, irritability, thirst, and vomiting—all are Heat syndromes. Its vomit must be sour, clearly indicating Heat. Moreover, Heat intensifies all five flavors. The Classic states: "On earth, transformation generates the five flavors," all belonging to Earth. However, when Earth is prosperous and overcomes Water, failing to control Fire, the Fire transformation becomes excessive. Thus, eating the five flavors when hot makes them intense. Therefore, Liver Heat causes sour mouth, Heart Heat causes bitter mouth, Spleen Heat causes sweet mouth, Lung Heat causes pungent mouth, and Kidney Heat causes salty mouth. If the mouth tastes bland, it is Stomach Heat. The Stomach belongs to Earth, which is the mother of all things, so the Stomach is the root of the body, and blandness is the root of the five flavors.
Then, is spitting sour fluid a Cold syndrome? Those who rashly call it Cold only observe that patients often damage themselves with raw, hard, sticky, or slippery foods, or cold items, leading to belching and acid regurgitation. Hence, folk doctors advocate warming the Spleen and Stomach. How can they know the Classic says: "When humans are injured by Cold, it becomes a Heat disease." Generally, Cold injures the skin and hair, closing the Cou Li (pores), causing Yang Qi to stagnate and fail to circulate smoothly, thereby generating Heat. Thus, in Shang Han (Cold Damage) with surface fever, the Heat is on the surface. One should use Gan-Xin-Re (Sweet-Pungent-Hot) medicines like Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) to disperse, opening the Cou Li, allowing sweat to release Heat until recovery. For those internally injured by cold foods, some immediately develop Yin excess and Yang deficiency, becoming Cold diseases. Others have Cold and Heat clashing, causing Yang Qi in the intestines and stomach to stagnate and generate Heat. Some suffer internal injury from cold foods but develop Heat diseases, recovering after profuse sweating releases Heat and cools the body. Or, if mild and not causing other diseases, it presents only as central sourness, commonly called "Acid Heart." The method should use warm medicines to scatter it, similar to releasing the exterior, to open intestinal and gastric stagnation, dissipating stagnant Heat and restoring harmony. If one longingly prefers sourness without cessation, warm medicines are contraindicated; instead, use Cold medicines to purge, followed by cooling medicines to regulate. Once stagnation clears and Heat dissipates, Qi harmonizes. One should avoid sticky, slippery, and greasy foods for central sourness, as these obstruct Yang Qi and cause stagnation. Like food covered in a container, heat causes it to turn sour. One should eat vegetables to promote Qi circulation.
(Bao Zhu - Sudden Profuse Diarrhea)
Bao Zhu (Sudden Profuse Diarrhea): Sudden and violent diarrhea. Excessive Heat in the intestines and stomach disrupts transmission and transformation. Since Fire nature is swift, this occurs.
(Xia Po - Tenesmus)
Xia Po (Tenesmus): A sensation of heaviness in the rectum and urgent, cramped abdominal pain. This is due to the swift nature of Fire and its ability to dry substances.
(Zhuan Jin - Muscle Cramps/Tetany)
Zhuan Jin (Muscle Cramps): The Classic calls this twisting and convulsion. Heat dries and scorches the sinews, causing spasms and pain. Fire governs burning and scorching, hence its drying and moving nature. Some attribute this to Cold invading the sinews; this is wrong. Although Cold governs contraction and pulling, it only causes cold limbs and stiffness, making flexion and extension difficult. How can this be twisting cramps! "Twisting" implies movement. Yang moves, Yin is still; this is clearly a Heat syndrome. Muscle cramps often result from extreme Heat caused by Huo Luan (Colic-Restlessness) with vomiting and diarrhea. Due to Spleen-Stomach Earth deficiency, Liver Wood becomes excessive, and Heat dries the sinews, causing cramps. Generally, thirst indicates Heat. There has never been a case of Huo Luan with cramps without thirst. Or, if not caused by vomiting/diarrhea, but by external Cold closing the Cou Li, causing Yang Qi stagnation and internal stagnant Heat drying the sinews, cramps also occur. Therefore, for various cramps, soaking in hot water opens the Cou Li, disperses Yang Qi, and cures. Because soaking in hot water cures, folk medicine wrongly suspects Cold.
(Xiao Bian Hun Zhuo - Turbid Urine)
Xiao Bian Hun Zhuo (Turbid Urine): When weather is hot, water is turbid; when cold, water is clear. This is because Water's nature is clear, while Fire's nature is turbid. Similarly, clear water boiled into soup naturally becomes turbid.
(Fu Zhang - Abdominal Distension)
Fu Zhang Da, Gu Zhi Ru Gu (Abdominal Distension Large, Drum-like upon Percussion): Qi belongs to Yang, and Yang belongs to Heat. Excessive Qi manifests this way.
(Yong, Ju, Yang, Zhen, Liu Qi, He Jie - Carbuncle, Ulcer, Sores, Rash, Tumor-Qi, Tubercles)
Yong (Carbuncle): Superficial and large. The Classic says: Heat overcoming Blood leads to carbuncle pus.
Ju (Deep Ulcer): Deep and malignant.
Yang (Sores): Small sores with heads.
Zhen (Rash): Floating small rashes.
Liu Qi (Tumor-Qi), Chi Liu (Red Tumor), Dan (Erysipelas): Heat overcoming Qi, representing the color of Fire.
He Jie (Tubercles/Nodules): When Fire Qi is excessively hot, it stagnates and knots, becoming hard like a pit in fruit. It need not be lanced; simply dissipating the Heat allows it to resolve spontaneously.
(Tu Xia Huo Luan - Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Colic-Restlessness)
Tu Xia Huo Luan (Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Colic-Restlessness): The San Jiao (Triple Burner) is the pathway for water and grain transmission. Excessive Heat disrupts this, causing vomiting, diarrhea, and Huo Luan, due to the drying and moving nature of Fire.
Some claim Heat does not cause vomiting/diarrhea, only Cold retention; this is wrong. Generally, vomiting/diarrhea with irritability and thirst indicates Heat; without thirst indicates Cold. In early Heat-type vomiting/diarrhea, there may be no thirst initially. If unceasing, fluids are lost, leading to subsequent thirst. Originally Cold cases do not thirst, but if fluids are excessively lost, dryness and thirst arise. Pure Cold pulses are deep, fine, and slow; Heat pulses are full, large, and rapid. If Qi and fluids are extremely depleted, the pulse may become weak and slow rather than full and rapid, yet it remains a Heat syndrome.
Furthermore, white stool indicates Cold; green, yellow, red, crimson, and black indicate Heat. White stool is the color of Lung. Excessive Cold-Water controls Fire, failing to balance Metal, causing Lung Metal to be excessive, hence white. Like muddy water freezing into ice, it becomes clear and bright. Green stool is the color of Liver Wood. Excessive Fire controls Metal, failing to balance Wood, causing Liver Wood to be excessive, hence green. Claiming green stool is Cold is wrong. Zhang Zhongjing's method states: Shaoyin disease with watery diarrhea, pure green color, indicates Heat in the interior; treat with Da Cheng Qi Tang (Great Order the Qi Decoction) to purge. Also, children with extreme Heat and acute convulsions often have green stool, clearly indicating Heat. Yellow stool occurs because excessive Fire weakens Water, allowing Spleen Earth to prosper, hence yellow. Red stool indicates Heat, the color of Heart Fire; crimson indicates deep Heat. Black stool is also Heat. Extreme Fire/Water may reverse and assume Water characteristics to restrain it, hence black. In Yangming disease of Shang Han, extreme Heat causes tidal fever at dusk; severely, the patient loses consciousness, picks at clothes, touches the bed, and speaks alone as if seeing ghosts. Treat with Da Cheng Qi Tang. Black stool is harder to treat than non-black; this applies to all dysentery.
However, distinguishing dysentery color to clarify Cold/Heat requires examining the color of diet and medicine. For example, a child with Heat disease, vomiting/diarrhea Huo Luan, undigested milk appearing white in stool, should not be immediately diagnosed as Cold; differentiate via pulse and signs. Generally, clear, white urine without obstruction indicates Cold; red, obstructed urine indicates Heat. If undigested food passes unchanged with no color change, foul/vomit clear/cold, clear/white urine without obstruction, cool body without thirst, and slow/fine/micro pulse, it is Cold. If food is undigested but color changes (not white), with irritability/thirst, red/yellow/obstructed urine, it is Heat. Any digested food, regardless of color or other signs, indicates Heat. Cold diarrhea with digested food has never occurred, as Cold cannot digest grains. However, if Fire is swift and Heat extreme, disrupting transmission, undigested food causes Sun Xie (undigested stool diarrhea); this exists. Zhang Zhongjing said: "Pathogenic Heat does not digest food." Yet Heat combined with Dampness causes Sun Xie.
Claiming white dysentery is Cold is wrong. If truly Cold, it cannot digest food, how could it transform into pus/blood? Dysentery transforming grain into pus/blood is like grains/meats/fruits rotting and bursting into sewage under extreme Heat/Dampness. Food in the abdomen, infected by Human Damp-Heat pathogens, naturally bursts into pus/blood. Heat manifests as red (Heart Fire); Dampness as yellow (Spleen Earth); Dryness/Stagnation as white (Lung Metal). The Classic says: "All Qi stagnation and oppression belong to the Lung," referring to Dry-Metal transformation. Wang Bing said: "Stagnation refers to rushing; the function of Qi, Metal Qi is the same." All dysenteries involve Dampness. Now saying "Qi Dryness" means Damp-Heat is extreme inside the intestines/stomach, causing stagnant Heat knotting, while Dampness causes blockage, preventing Qi/fluid circulation, resulting in intestinal dryness and incessant thirst. Assuming red-white dysentery is mixed Cold/Heat is wrong. Water/Fire, Yin/Yang, Cold/Heat are like a scale; one high means the other low, one excessive means the other deficient. How can Cold and Heat both be excessive in the intestines/stomach simultaneously causing dysentery? Like Heat generating sores with white pus—can white be Cold? It is in the skin layer, belonging to Lung Metal, hence white; next in blood vessels, Heart Fire, hence blood boils; in muscle, Spleen Earth, hence yellow pus; in sinews, Liver Wood, hence cyan pus; deep in bone, Kidney Water, hence purple-black blood. Each follows the Five Zang regions showing five colors; this is the branch (Biao). The root (Ben) is all Heat, differing only in depth. Generally, tenesmus, cramping pain, rectal heaviness, red/obstructed urine all belong to Dry-Heat. White dysentery often accompanies these, clearly indicating Heat.
One asks: If white dysentery is Heat, why do pungent-hot medicines sometimes cure it? Pungent-hot medicines can open intestinal/gastric stagnation, allow Qi/fluid circulation, moisten dryness, and harmonize Qi. Mild cases recover; severe cases with unopened stagnation worsen and die. Treating extreme Heat vomiting/diarrhea is similar. For dysentery, best is Pungent-Bitter-Cold medicine, perhaps slightly aided by Pungent-Hot. Pungent-Hot disperses/opens stagnation; Bitter dries Dampness; Cold overcomes Heat, ensuring Qi circulation. Examples include Qian's Xiang Lian Wan. Thus, treating dysentery, Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) and Huang Bo (Phellodendron Bark) are Sovereign herbs, being extremely bitter and great-cold, directly treating Damp-Heat. Folk transmitted pungent-hot mineral toxic drugs sometimes cure vomiting/diarrhea because they open stagnation. Though effective sometimes, they often fail and cause harm. Great toxins are used only when good medicines fail, out of necessity. If good medicines exist, even if less effective, they benefit without harm; why use great toxins and labor in vain? The Classic says: "Prefer small to large, prefer good to toxic."
Regarding Dai Xia (Leukorrhea), the principle is like dysentery, differing only in meridians and branches; the root Qi is the same. The world claims white leukorrhea is Cold; this is wrong. Dai Xia is a Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) disease. The Classic says: "Ren Mai starts below Zhong Ji, goes above the pubic hair, follows the abdomen interior, up to Guan Yuan, to the throat, over the chin, follows the face into the eyes, connecting to the tongue." Ren Mai passes over Dai Mai from the uterus, through the navel upward. The disease manifests where it crosses Dai Mai, dripping downward, hence "Dai Xia." Red/white discharge shares meaning with dysentery but excludes Cold. Generally, dizzy head/eyes, bitter mouth, dry tongue, difficult throat, red/obstructed urine, constipated stool, full/rapid pulse—all are Heat syndromes. Dai Xia often presents these. If truly Cold, how could it be so? The Classic says: "Excess causes harm, succession brings restraint." Meaning extreme excess assumes the transformation of the restraining element. Like fire smelting gold; extreme heat turns it to water. Or June extreme heat makes objects weep moisture, trees flow sap. Thus, Liver Heat excessive tears; Heart Heat excessive sweat; Spleen Heat excessive saliva; Lung Heat excessive mucus; Kidney Heat excessive spittle. Like boiling soup; extreme heat boils over, or steam condenses moisture on objects. Thus, extreme Damp-Heat in the lower Ren Mai causes fluid overflow as leukorrhea. I often see folk doctors treating white leukorrhea using recent formulas with pungent-hot medicines. Mild cases, though misdirected, may open stagnation, circulate Qi/fluids, moisten dryness, dissipate Heat, harmonize Qi, and cure. Severe cases with unopened stagnation worsen old diseases, new Heat arises, leading to death, without realization. Why not treat with Pungent-Bitter-Cold medicines according to law, allowing mild/severe cases to open stagnation, remove Dampness, eliminate dryness, dissipate Heat, harmonize Qi, and cure? No missed targets, avoiding harm.
Moreover, for all Fu Re Yu Jie (Stagnant Heat Knotting), one need not rely solely on Pungent-Sweet-Hot medicines to open. Cold medicines like Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Hua Shi (Talcum), Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Cong Bai (Scallion White), Chi Xiao Dou (Fermented Soybean) can all open stagnation. Because the root is Heat, getting Cold disperses it. Pungent-Sweet-Hot medicines disperse because their force is strong and衝 (rushing). However, if dispersion fails, Heat worsens. For example, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Ma Huang (Ephedra) pungent-sweet-hot medicines attacking the exterior without hitting the pathology cause Heat to worsen. Thus, skilled users must add Cold medicines; otherwise, fearing extreme Heat causing jaundice, mania, or madness. For exterior Heat requiring sweating, use Pungent-Sweet-Hot medicines. If not hitting pathology, they cause harm; how much more for interior Heat stagnation, where sweating is inappropriate, and mistaking hot medicines for opening fails? Even for Shang Han exterior Heat stagnation, dry without sweat, inducing sweat is not because Pungent-Sweet-Hot Yang induces sweat, but because opening stagnation allows Heat steaming to induce spontaneous sweat. Otherwise, normal people without exterior stagnation taking it would not sweat thus. If Shang Han deepens, exterior Heat enters interior, and mistaking Pungent-Sweet-Hot for sweating fails to produce sweat, worsening Heat, considered fatal by ancients. Conversely, exterior Heat treated with Shi Gao, Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome), Gan Cao, Hua Shi, Cong Bai, Chi Xiao Dou (Cold medicines) resolves with sweat; or Heat half-exterior/half-interior treated with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction, Cold nature) induces sweat and cures; extreme Heat treated with Da Chai Hu Tang purges; worse, Xiao Cheng Qi Tang, Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang, Da Cheng Qi Tang purge. Jaundice treated with Yin Chen Hao Tang purges; Chest Binding treated with Xian Xiong Tang/Pills purges. These are great-cold purgatives that hit pathology, inducing sweat and cure. Yet, middle/exterior stagnation, dry without sweat, is not merely because Pungent-Sweet-Hot Yang opens sweat. Mild cases heal spontaneously with sweat. Thus, the reason for sweating is opening stagnation, allowing Heat steaming to induce sweat! For all upper/lower/middle/exterior Fu Re Yu Jie, follow this method. Adjust based on depth and severity. Do not simply use Pungent-Sweet-Hot medicines for releasing exterior.
Generally, having form means illness is inevitable; having life means death is inevitable. Illness should be treated according to law. If critically ill and untreatable, or elderly with exhausted True Qi unable to be saved, this is not the doctor's fault. But if Yin/Yang is not examined, Ben/Biao unclear, mistaking decoctions, reinforcing Excess and draining Deficiency leading to death—who is at fault?
Take wine: bitter taste, hot nature, nourishes Heart Fire. Long-term drinking causes Fu Re Yu Jie in intestines/stomach, blocking Qi/fluid circulation, causing chest/abdominal fullness, inability to eat much. Grain Qi develops internally but cannot circulate outside intestines/stomach, causing belching or flatulence. Empty abdomen, declining grain/water, Yang Qi becomes excessive. With washing/rinsing and labor, plus hot water immersion, Yang Qi increases further, causing frequent vomiting or dizziness, commonly called "Jiu Ge" (Wine Obstruction). For exterior-interior Fu Re Yu Jie, warmth slightly opens and cures; Cold closes and worsens. Hence liking warmth and hating Cold! Current Jiu Ge patients drinking cold wine, bad wine, or forced drinking cause intestinal/gastric stagnation closure, fullness, inability to swallow. At peak desire, or drinking hot pure wine, or willing drinkers, stagnation opens, allowing heavy drinking. Overdrinking increases Yang, decreases Yin. As wine power fades, stagnation worsens, disease adds.
For Wine Heat Toxicity, drinking hot liquids again opens stagnation, restoring Qi/fluid circulation. Wine sickness patients must drink continuously; otherwise, disease worsens, inability to drink, stagnation not opened. For severe stagnation, aversion to Cold and preference for Warmth occurs. This is "Excess causes harm, succession brings restraint," where Extreme Yang resembles Yin. Folk misunderstand, calling it Cold, mistakingly using Hot medicines. Mild cases open stagnation, do not re-knot, Qi harmonizes, cures. Severe cases slightly open, but when drug power ends, stagnation worsens. Reduction is mild, addition is severe. Folk realize nothing, saying drug arrival reduces slightly, drug departure worsens disease, regretting small dosage, persisting in服用, until Fu Re is too extreme, causing central fullness, abdominal distension, and edema. If urine is obstructed and Damp-Heat internal extreme, jaundice occurs, like wet-hot objects steaming to yellow. Folk often use Ba Dou (Croton Seed), a great-toxic hot medicine, for Jiu Ge, because Pungent-Hot opens intestinal/gastric stagnation. Mild cases resolve; severe cases stagnation not opened, Fu Re worsens, disease adds. Hating fullness, they take more to purge. Sometimes opening stagnation cures, due to great toxicity and heat. Although stagnation opens, blood fluids are lost, Yin Qi damaged. Subsequently, Fu Re re-knots, disease worsens. Thinking relief during purging heals, purging repeatedly, as before, 3-5 times, Yin Qi declines, Yang Heat extreme, red/obstructed urination/defecation, jaundice, abdominal distension/edema. Or Damp-Heat internal extreme, recurrent loose stools.
Or merely dietary injury causing Fu Re Yu Jie, like wine sickness, turning into edema is not few. Ultimately unaware that internal Fu Re makes pulse deep-rapid-full, treating with Pungent-Bitter-Cold medicines, clearing stagnation, dissipating Heat, harmonizing Qi. If extreme Heat stagnation cannot open, treat with Pungent-Bitter-Cold purgatives, dissipating Heat/stagnation without knotting. "Knotting" refers to Fu Yu (stagnation) blocking Qi/fluid circulation, not hard stool. Some say edema is due to Spleen Earth deficiency failing to control Kidney Water, causing Water Qi to act recklessly. Spleen governs four limbs, so water...