腹部折量。诸说众多。不知所适从。按除中行法。内经云。冲脉气所发者。二十二穴挟
鸠尾
外各半寸。至脐寸一。挟脐下旁各五分。至横骨寸一。腹脉法也。甲乙经云。自幽门。挟巨
阙两旁。各半寸。循冲脉下行至横骨。又至肓俞云。直脐旁五分。甲乙铜人等皆云冲脉足少
阴之会。盖以骨空论为主也。独难经云。并足阳明之经挟脐上行。恐非也。鸠尾。内经所称。
指蔽骨。不可以为穴名也。其名本以蔽骨状似鸠尾。古书。指蔽骨者十之八九。不可不知也。鸠
尾外无穴。而言挟鸠尾外。即除蔽骨。而取之也。又至脐言挟脐则除脐可见也。鸠尾与脐上
下相照。其中间明于言外。是古文辞法也。又内经云足阳明脉气所发者膺中骨间各一。挟鸠
尾之
外。当乳下三寸。挟胃脘。各五。挟脐广三寸。各三。下脐二寸。挟之各三。甲乙经云。自不
容
挟幽门。两旁各一寸五分。至气冲。又自期门。上直两乳。挟不容两旁各一寸五分。下行至
冲门因此考之。脐旁五分。足少阴经也。其旁一寸五分足阳明经也。其旁一寸五分。上直两乳。
足太阴经也。共计三寸五分。取一绳自脐旁。横量至直乳下。断去之。又去二分半。折为三
寸五分。以定三经。此不问除任脉几寸。始得其法矣。去二分半。说见下。
世人皆云。胸博每行至腹内屈五分。两乳间八寸。腹脾经。相去七寸。不知何据。骨度
篇曰。胸围四尺五寸。腰围四尺二寸。腰减于胸三寸。虽今人皆然。两乳相去九寸半。是古法也。胸
部
。各相去凡三寸半。而为七寸。合任脉之分一寸半。凡八寸半。胸去中行。四寸七分强至乳中
。腹去中行四寸二分强至直乳中。此腰减于胸三寸。则腹居于其中可知减于胸。自脐至横骨六
寸半。又横骨长六寸半。腹部四行。共不出其两端。然则自胸至腹渐渐狭。而腹至横骨更狭
故二行三行。四行根据分量目巧取之。何有内屈之理。诸书一据两乳八寸说。故如其所载去中行
几寸去任脉几寸。皆无稽之言。故不取也。而今不言任脉广几寸者。无明文也。甲乙经。不容注曰。
去
曰。去任脉二寸。所余五分。两旁合。为一寸。不知孰是。故今以脐与鸠尾。定除任脉之分
量。不言几寸者。内经之意也。世人以两乳八寸之度。除任脉果如何耶。其说至中府云门去乳
中二寸。而穷矣。故其言曰。以同身寸奚一胸之际。而乳间用长尺。乳后用短尺。岂有此理
乎。极知两乳间八寸。无稽之言也。
腹中行自鸠尾。下行至会阴。凡十五穴。
鸠尾（素问）一名尾翳（灵枢）一名 HT 。（甲乙）一名神府（千金）一名HT 。（聚英大成）臆
前。
蔽骨下五分。（甲乙）其骨垂下如鸠尾形。故以为名。人无蔽骨者。从岐骨下行一寸。（圣济）禁
刺灸（甲乙）宜针（外台。引甄权）此穴大难针。大好手。方可针。（资生）
按古书中。称 者。有三义。或岐骨。或蔽骨。或谓穴名又称鸠尾者。亦同。后人不之
知也
。素问曰。鸠尾下三寸。胃脘。胃脘上脘也。又足阳明脉气所发之章云。挟鸠尾之外。当乳
下三寸。挟胃脘。言阳明经。至直乳挟蔽骨下行。岐骨下三寸。至上脘旁。复下行也。又云
。 至脐八寸太仓居其中。太仓中脘也。言自岐骨际。至脐八寸。中脘。在其中央也。此
指岐骨际。挟鸠尾之外。之鸠尾指蔽骨。何则蔽骨有长短。故皆据岐骨为度。蔽骨长为五
分
。乃称鸠尾穴者。皆在岐骨下一寸。千金伤寒篇曰。灸心下三处。第一处。去心下一寸名巨
阙。第二处。去心下二寸。名上脘。第三处。去心下三寸。名胃脘。各灸五十壮。然人形。大
小不同恐寸数有异。可绳度随其长短寸数。最佳。取绳。从心头骨。名鸠尾头。度取脐孔中
屈绳取半。当绳头名胃脘。又中屈半绳更分为二分。从胃脘向上。度一分即是上脘。又上度取
一分。即是巨阙。此说不是。俗多以从鸠尾穴至脐为八寸。或自蔽骨为八寸而以腹部脐上七寸五
分折量。诸穴置其间。故不合。遂以中脘为鸠尾下三寸。或三寸半。妄说也。又按甲乙经曰。
上脘在巨阙下。一寸五分。去蔽骨三寸。中脘在上脘下一寸。居心蔽骨与脐之中。此皇甫氏之
误也。滑寿。遂以 鸠尾共做蔽骨而看。故曰。上脘去蔽骨三寸。注上脘曰。巨阙下一寸当
一寸五分。强合内经鸠尾下三寸文。盖鸠尾穴。在蔽骨下五分。古来相传之说也。滑寿曰。无蔽骨
者从岐骨际。下行一寸是也。然不辨蔽骨长短。故后人论说。棼然。今按岐骨至脐为八寸。
岐骨下行一寸为鸠尾穴。此蔽骨长五分。为常人之度。其下五分为鸠尾穴。是大概而言之。由此
观之。假令蔽骨长一寸。亦以为五分。自蔽骨端至脐中。折为七寸五分。以定其穴。其旁准拟
而取之也。若蔽骨短不见者。以岐骨下一寸取鸠尾。恐无害。学人察诸村上亲方。骨度正误曰。
HT 者。蔽心骨而从岐骨之间。垂下如指之大骨也。附胸骨之部分也。是胸腹之界限也。不
察于此。而以岐骨为限。以分骨度。岂合经旨乎。舍蔽骨而取岐骨岂合骨度乎。其弊由不知
HT 有三义。肘后曰心厌者指鸠尾。或言心厌尖。心厌之说。多参差盖不知有三义也。厌与蔽同
护于心脏之意也。广雅曰。 缺盆 也。玉篇曰肩骨。不是。
巨阙（脉经）一名心募。（大成）鸠尾下一寸。（甲乙）
按肘后方曰。正心厌尖头下一寸。不是。又曰。心厌尖尖四下一寸以赤度之。此文不解。
恐有脱
误。资生曰。鸠尾拒者。少令强一寸。中人有鸠尾拒之。亦不可解。千金。外台。巨阙注散
见各篇者。差谬多。不与明堂篇所记同。以其文繁。故不录于此。金鉴曰。两岐骨下二寸。
大成。亦作鸠尾两岐骨下一寸。两字。不可解。骨度正误曰巨阙一穴。今人多言脐上六寸。
非也。是亦自张氏始。是由岐骨蔽骨之差也。当作六寸五分矣。此说亦误。
上脘（脉经）一名胃脘。一名上纪。（素问）一名胃管。（乡药集成）一名上管。（宝鉴）巨阙
下一寸。（千金）脐上五寸。（类经）鸠尾下二寸。（增注）孕妇禁灸。（类经）不针。（乡药集成）
按甲乙经。作巨阙下一寸五分。去蔽骨三寸也。非矣。说既见。为一寸五分。腹部旁穴
。皆不合内经每寸一穴意。上脘。中脘。下脘。外台。皆作管。
中脘（甲乙）一名太仓。（素问）一名胃募。（千金） 至脐八寸。太仓。居其中。为脐上
四寸。（素问）上脘下一寸。（甲乙）鸠尾下三寸。（千金）孕妇禁灸。（类经）
按至脐。脐上。皆自脐中度之。经云。上纪者。胃脘也。次注曰。谓中脘。资生。类经
。以
胃脘上纪为中脘一名。而经曰。鸠尾下三寸。胃脘五寸。胃脘。脘管也。上脘。中脘。皆胃
脘也。然则上纪者。盖上脘一名。资生类经。共承王冰之误。千金翼。胃病篇曰。心下二寸
。名胃管。又曰。胃管。在心鸠尾下三寸。是上脘。中脘。共称胃管。又针灸中篇。作心下
四寸。甲乙作在心蔽骨与脐之中。非也。说既见。肘后方。曰。在心厌下四寸。千金霍乱篇
曰。在心厌下四寸脐上一夫。巨阙注。言心厌尖者指蔽骨。此言心厌者。似指岐骨然易混。
故不取。
建里（甲乙）中脘下一寸。（甲乙）脐上三寸。（类经）鸠尾下四寸。（入门）孕妇禁灸（类经）
禁灸（入门）
下脘（脉经）一名幽门。（圣济）建里下一寸。（甲乙）脐上二寸。（类经）鸠尾下五寸。（入
门）孕妇禁灸。（外台。引甄权）
按难经曰。太仓下口为幽门。滑寿曰。在脐上二寸下脘之分。以幽门不为穴名。今从圣
济总录。气府论曰。鸠尾下三寸。胃脘。五寸胃脘。
水分（甲乙）一名中守（千金）一名分水。（明堂）下脘下一寸。脐上一寸。（甲乙）鸠尾下六
寸。
（入门）孕妇禁灸。（外台。引甄权）禁刺。（资生注曰。明去水气。惟得针水沟针余穴水尽即
死。何于此却云可针今校勘不针为是。）
按明堂。医学纲目。作分水。今为一名。难经云。大肠小肠之会为阑门。滑寿曰。在脐上
一寸。水分穴。诸家以阑门不为水分一名。暂记之以俟知者又奇穴有水分。
神阙（外台）古名。脐中。（甲乙）一名气舍。（外台）禁刺（甲乙）
按古书无注。气穴论曰。脐一穴。甲乙。千金。并翼方。次注皆曰脐中。而无神阙之名
。此名见于外台。资生。大全。宝鉴。舍作合。恐字误。
阴交（甲乙）一名少关。一名横户。（甲乙）一名丹田。（神相全编）脐下一寸。（甲乙）自脐
中心。度之。（增注）孕妇禁灸。（外台。引甄权）
按外台。甄权云。穴在阴茎下。附底宛宛中。程敬通曰。似属会阴。非阴交也。类经。
聚英。医统。吴文炳。并曰。三焦募。神相全编曰。丹田。脐下一寸是也。
气海（脉经）一名脖 。一名下肓（甲乙）一名丹田（本事）脐下一寸五分。（甲乙）宛宛中（
明堂）忌不可针（千金）孕妇禁灸。（外台引甄权）
按脖。吴文炳。作HT 。大成。作HT 。肓作音。吴文炳。作一寸非。本事方曰。气海一穴
道家名曰丹田。
石门（甲乙）一名利机。一名精露。一名丹田。一名命门。（甲乙）一名三焦募（大成。引
聚英今本不见。）脐下二寸。（甲乙）女子禁刺灸中央。不幸使人绝子。（甲乙）
按甲乙曰。三焦募。孙真人曰。至如石门。关元二穴。在带脉下。相去一寸之间。针关
元主
妇人无子。针石门。则终身绝嗣。神庭一穴。在于额上。刺之主发狂灸之则愈癫疾。其道幽
隐岂可轻侮之哉。
关元（素问）一名下纪。（素问）一名次门。（甲乙）一名丹田。（资生）一名大中极。（大全）
一名小肠募（大成。引聚英今本不见。）齐下关元三寸。（素问）
按周密癸辛杂志曰。张安道养生诀云。丹田。在脐下三寸。是也。资生经曰。脐下二
寸。
名石门。明堂载甲乙经云。一名丹田。千金。素问注。亦谓丹田在脐下二寸。世医因是遂以
石门为丹田误矣。丹田乃在脐下三寸。难经疏论之详。而有据。宝鉴曰。关元。一名丹田。
按阴交。气海石门关元。皆名丹田。恐有误。类经曰。此穴。当人身上下四旁之中。故又名
大中极。疑是中极之解误写于此也。暂存之。脉经。甲乙。并曰。小肠募。
中极（脉经）一名气原。一名玉泉。（甲乙）一名膀胱募（千翼）脐下四寸。（甲乙）关元下一
寸。（千金）孕妇禁灸。（外台）针即有子。又云。灸不及针。（资生）
按脉经。甲乙。并曰。膀胱募。
曲骨（甲乙）一名尿胞。一名屈骨。一名屈骨端。（千金）横骨上。中极下一寸。毛际。陷
者中。动脉应手。（甲乙）
按脐中以下。至横骨。长六寸半。是古法也。今人脐心下。至横骨。折作五寸。此误读
张介
宾说。遂至此。张氏至曲骨。折作五寸。谓毛际曲骨穴。非谓横骨也。甲乙经。中极下一寸
。
为曲骨。当横骨上一寸半毛际。从俗说则此穴。当阴毛中横骨。故知其非是千金曰。小便数
起。灸玉泉下一寸。名尿胞一名屈骨端。又赤白沃阴中干痛恶。合阴阳。小腹 坚。小便闭
。刺屈骨。入寸半。灸三壮。在中极下一寸。即曲骨也。今移为一名。
会阴（甲乙）一名屏翳（甲乙）一名金门（千金）一名平医（大全）一名下极。（金鉴）大便前。
小便后。两阴之间（甲乙）
按千金云。金门。在谷道前。囊之后。当中央是也。从阴囊下。度至大孔前。中分之。
今移为别名。
腹第二行自幽门挟巨阙两旁各半寸。下行至横骨。凡二十二穴。
幽门（甲乙）一名上门。（甲乙）巨阙两旁各五分。陷者中（甲乙）
按明堂。入门。大全。作一寸半。千金心脏篇。作一寸。金鉴从之。以上诸书似有所见。
然不合经文。今定不容穴。内又一寸五分。取此穴。
通谷（甲乙）幽门下一寸。陷者中。（甲乙）挟上脘。（类经）
按聚英。引素问注曰。自肓俞。至幽门去中行。各一寸。误也。今阅。次注曰。挟巨阙
两旁
。相去各半寸。下五穴各相去一寸。是谓幽门以下五穴。上下之间。各一寸。非去中行之谓
。不然不合内经。挟鸠尾外各半寸。至脐寸。一之文。而相去二字。惑诸人。
阴都（甲乙）一名食宫。（甲乙）一名通关（医纲）通谷下一寸（甲乙）挟胃管（千金）
按医学纲目。引摘英曰。通关。在中脘旁。各五分。针入八分。左捻能进饮食。右捻能
和脾
胃。许氏曰。此穴。一针四效。凡下针后良久觉脾磨食觉针动。为一效。次针破病根。腹中作
声。为二效。次觉流入膀胱。为三效。又次觉气流行腰后骨空间。为四效。主治五噎。吞酸
多睡。呕吐。不止。是为阴都穴。明矣。乃今移入一名。
石关（甲乙）一名石阙。（千金）阴都下。一寸。（甲乙）并建里。（医门摘要）
商曲（甲乙）一名高曲。（千金）石关下一寸（甲乙）并下脘（医门摘要）
腹部骨度分寸的测量方法，各种说法众多，让人不知该听从哪一种。按照除了任脉中线以外的取穴法，《黄帝内经》记载：冲脉气所发出的穴位有二十二个，在鸠尾穴外侧各半寸处开始，直到脐部，间距是一寸一个；在脐下两侧旁开各五分处，直到横骨，间距也是一寸一个。这是腹侧经脉的取穴法则。《针灸甲乙经》记载：从幽门穴开始，在巨阙穴两旁各半寸处，沿着冲脉下行至横骨，又提到肓俞穴说：位于脐旁五分处。《甲乙经》、铜人图等著作都记载冲脉是足少阴肾经的交会穴，这主要是依据《素问·骨空论》的说法。唯独《难经》记载：冲脉并足阳明胃经挟脐上行，恐怕是不正确的。
关于“鸠尾”一词，《内经》中所称的，指的是胸骨剑突（蔽骨），不能直接作为穴位名称。其名字原本是因为胸骨剑突的形状像斑鸠的尾巴。古书中指代胸骨剑突的情况占了十之八九，这一点不可不知道。在鸠尾穴的外侧并没有其他穴位，所以说“挟鸠尾外”，意思就是排除胸骨剑突本身，而在其外侧取穴。又说“至脐言挟脐”，则排除脐中可见。鸠尾与脐上下相对照，其中的含义明白地蕴含在言辞之外，这是古文的修辞手法。
另外，《内经》记载：足阳明胃脉气所发出的穴位，在胸部两乳之间的骨缝中各有一个，在鸠尾外侧，正当乳头下方三寸处，挟胃脘两侧各五个，挟脐两侧广三寸处各三个，脐下二寸处，挟两侧各三个。《甲乙经》记载：自不容穴挟幽门两旁各一寸五分，直到气冲穴。又自期门穴，向上直对两乳，挟不容穴两旁各一寸五分，下行至冲门穴。因此考证可知：脐旁五分处，是足少阴肾经；其旁开一寸五分处，是足阳明胃经；再旁开一寸五分处，向上直对两乳，是足太阴脾经。共计三寸五分。取一根绳子，从脐旁横向量到直对乳头下方的位置，截断它。再去掉二分半，剩下的折为三寸五分，以此来确定这三条经脉的位置。这样就不必去问除了任脉多少寸，就能得到正确的方法了。“去掉二分半”的说法见下文。
世人都说：胸部宽阔，每行至腹部向内弯曲五分，两乳之间距离八寸，腹部的脾经相距七寸。不知道有什么依据。《灵枢·骨度篇》说：胸围四尺五寸，腰围四尺二寸，腰部比胸部细三寸。虽然今人也是如此，但两乳之间的距离是九寸半，这才是古法。胸部左右两侧，各自相距凡三寸半，合起来为七寸，加上任脉的分量一寸半，总共八寸半。胸部距离身体中线四寸七分强，到达乳中穴；腹部距离身体中线四寸二分强，到达直对乳中的位置。这是因为腰部比胸部细三寸，所以腹部居于其中间，比胸部窄，这是可以知道的。从脐到横骨长六寸半，横骨本身的长度也是六寸半。腹部的四条经脉，总共不超过这两端的范围。那么从胸部到腹部逐渐变窄，而腹部到横骨更窄，所以第二行、第三行、第四行的穴位根据分量巧妙地目测取穴即可，哪里有向内弯曲的道理呢？各种书籍都依据“两乳八寸”的说法，所以如它们所载的距离中线几寸、距离任脉几寸，都是没有根据的话，因此不予采纳。而现在不说任脉宽几寸的原因，是没有明确的文字记载。《甲乙经》在不容穴的注中说：“距离任脉二寸。”剩下的五分，两旁合计为一寸，不知道谁是对的。所以现在以脐和鸠尾来确定除任脉之外的分量，不说具体几寸，这是《内经》的本意。世人用两乳八寸的尺度来扣除任脉，究竟如何呢？他们的说法到了中府、云门穴距离乳中二寸就穷尽了。所以他们说道：在同身寸的情况下，胸际用长尺，乳后用短尺，哪有这种道理呢？极知两乳间八寸是无稽之谈。
腹部的中线，从鸠尾向下至会阴，共有十五个穴位。
鸠尾穴（出自《素问》），又名尾翳（出自《灵枢》），又名臆前（出自《甲乙经》），又名神府（出自《千金方》），又名臆前（出自《聚英》、《大成》）。位于蔽骨下五分处（《甲乙经》）。这块骨头垂下来形状像鸠尾，所以以此命名。没有蔽骨的人，从岐骨（胸骨体与剑突连接处的凹陷）向下行一寸取穴（《圣济总录》）。禁止针刺和艾灸（《甲乙经》）。适宜针刺（《外台秘要》引甄权语）。此穴很难针刺，只有技艺非常高超的医生才可以针刺（《资生经》）。
按：古书中称“臆”字，有三种含义。有时指岐骨，有时指蔽骨，有时指穴位名又称鸠尾。后人不了解这一点。《素问》说：鸠尾下三寸是胃脘，胃脘即上脘。又在足阳明脉气所发的章节中说：挟鸠尾之外，当乳下三寸，挟胃脘。意思是阳明经，至直对乳头，挟蔽骨下行，在岐骨下三寸，至上脘旁，再下行。又说：从岐骨到脐八寸，太仓（中脘）居其中。意思是自岐骨际到脐八寸，中脘在其中央。这里指的是岐骨际，挟鸠尾之外。这里的鸠尾指的是蔽骨。为什么呢？因为蔽骨有长短，所以都以岐骨为度量标准。蔽骨长为五分，才称为鸠尾穴的，都在岐骨下一寸。《千金方·伤寒篇》说：灸心下三处。第一处，去心下一寸，名叫巨阙；第二处，去心下二寸，名叫上脘；第三处，去心下三寸，名叫胃脘。各灸五十壮。然而人的形体大小不同，恐怕寸数会有差异，可以用绳子测量，随其长短决定寸数，最佳。取绳，从心头骨，名叫鸠尾头，度量到脐孔中间，屈折绳子取一半，当绳头的位置名叫胃脘。再把半根绳子从中折分为两份，从胃脘向上度量一分即是上脘，再向上度量一分，即是巨阙。这种说法不对。俗人多认为从鸠尾穴至脐为八寸，或者自蔽骨为八寸，而以腹部脐上七寸五分进行折量，将诸穴置于其间，所以不合。于是有人妄说中脘在鸠尾下三寸或三寸半。又按《甲乙经》说：上脘在巨阙下一寸五分，去蔽骨三寸。这是皇甫谧的错误。滑寿于是把鸠尾和蔽骨混为一谈来看待，所以说：上脘去蔽骨三寸。注上脘曰：巨阙下一寸当一寸五分，勉强符合《内经》“鸠尾下三寸”的文句。大概鸠尾穴在蔽骨下五分，是古来相传的说法。滑寿说：没有蔽骨的人从岐骨际下行一寸，这是对的。然而他不分辨蔽骨的长短，导致后人论说纷乱。现在按：岐骨至脐为八寸，岐骨下行一寸为鸠尾穴，这是蔽骨长五分，为常人的度量。其下五分为鸠尾穴，这是大概而言。由此观之，假如蔽骨长一寸，也当作五分处理。自蔽骨端至脐中，折为七寸五分，以此来定穴位，其旁参照拟定而取穴。如果蔽骨短小看不见，以岐骨下一寸取鸠尾，恐怕也无害。学者应考察村上亲方的《骨度正误》说：“臆者，蔽心骨而从岐骨之间，垂下如手指大小的骨头。附着于胸骨的部分，是胸腹的界限。”不察于此，而以岐骨为界限，来划分骨度，岂符合经旨吗？舍弃蔽骨而取岐骨，岂符合骨度吗？这种弊病源于不知道“臆”有三义。《肘后备急方》说：心厌者指鸠尾。或者说心厌尖。心厌的说法，多有参差，盖因不知道有三义。厌与蔽同，有保护心脏之意。《广雅》曰：缺盆也。《玉篇》曰：肩骨。都不是。
巨阙穴（出自《脉经》），又名心募（出自《大成》）。位于鸠尾下一寸（《甲乙经》）。
按：《肘后方》说：正心厌尖头下一寸，不对。又说：心厌尖尖四下一寸，以赤色标记。此文难以理解，恐怕有脱漏错误。《资生经》说：鸠尾拒者，稍微令强一寸，中人有的有鸠尾拒之，也不可解。《千金方》、《外台秘要》中巨阙的注散见于各篇，差错谬误很多，不与《明堂篇》所记相同。因其文繁，故不录于此。《医宗金鉴》说：两岐骨下二寸。《大成》也作鸠尾两岐骨下一寸，“两”字不可解。《骨度正误》说：巨阙一穴，今人多言脐上六寸，不对。这也是自张氏开始的，是由岐骨、蔽骨之差造成的。应当作六寸五分。此说也是错误的。
上脘穴（出自《脉经》），又名胃脘，又名上纪（出自《素问》），又名胃管（出自《乡药集成》），又名上管（出自《宝鉴》）。位于巨阙下一寸（《千金方》），脐上五寸（《类经》），鸠尾下二寸（《增注》）。孕妇禁灸（《类经》），不针（《乡药集成》）。
按：《甲乙经》作巨阙下一寸五分，去蔽骨三寸。这是不对的。理由既已见上文。若为一寸五分，腹部旁穴都不符合《内经》每寸一穴的意思。上脘、中脘、下脘，《外台秘要》皆作“管”。
中脘穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名太仓（出自《素问》），又名胃募（出自《千金方》）。从岐骨至脐八寸，太仓居其中，为脐上四寸（《素问》）。上脘下一寸（《甲乙经》），鸠尾下三寸（《千金方》）。孕妇禁灸（《类经》）。
按：从岐骨至脐，脐上，都是从脐中度量的。经云：上纪者，胃脘也。次注曰：谓中脘。《资生经》、《类经》以胃脘、上纪为中脘一名，而经曰：鸠尾下三寸，胃脘五寸。胃脘，脘管也。上脘、中脘，皆胃脘也。然则上纪者，大概是上脘一名。《资生经》、《类经》共同承袭王冰的错误。《千金翼方·胃病篇》说：心下二寸，名胃管。又说：胃管，在心鸠尾下三寸，这是上脘。中脘共称胃管。又《针灸中篇》作心下四寸。《甲乙经》作在心蔽骨与脐之中，不对。理由既已见上文。《肘后方》说：在心厌下四寸。《千金方·霍乱篇》说：在心厌下四寸，脐上一夫。巨阙注言心厌尖者指蔽骨，此言心厌者，似指岐骨，容易混淆，故不取。
建里穴（出自《甲乙经》）。位于中脘下一寸（《甲乙经》），脐上三寸（《类经》），鸠尾下四寸（《入门》）。孕妇禁灸（《类经》），禁灸（《入门》）。
下脘穴（出自《脉经》），又名幽门（出自《圣济总录》）。位于建里下一寸（《甲乙经》），脐上二寸（《类经》），鸠尾下五寸（《入门》）。孕妇禁灸（《外台秘要》引甄权语）。
按：《难经》说：太仓下口为幽门。滑寿说：在脐上二寸下脘之分，以幽门不为穴名。现在遵从《圣济总录》。《气府论》说：鸠尾下三寸，胃脘，五寸胃脘。
水分穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名中守（出自《千金方》），又名分水（出自《明堂》）。位于下脘下一寸，脐上一寸（《甲乙经》），鸠尾下六寸（《入门》）。孕妇禁灸（《外台秘要》引甄权语），禁刺（《资生经》注曰：明去水气，惟得针水沟，针余穴水尽即死，何于此却云可针？今校勘不针为是。）
按：《明堂》、《医学纲目》作分水，现在作为一个别名。《难经》云：大肠小肠之会为阑门。滑寿说：在脐上一寸水分穴。诸家以阑门不为水分一名，暂记之以俟知者。又有奇穴有水分。
神阙穴（出自《外台秘要》），古名脐中（出自《甲乙经》），又名气舍（出自《外台秘要》）。禁刺（《甲乙经》）。
按：古书无注。《气穴论》曰：脐一穴。《甲乙经》、《千金方》及《翼方》、次注皆曰脐中，而无神阙之名。此名见于《外台秘要》、《资生经》、《大全》、《宝鉴》。舍作合，恐字误。
阴交穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名少关，又名横户（出自《甲乙经》），又名丹田（出自《神相全编》）。位于脐下一寸（《甲乙经》），自脐中心度量（《增注》）。孕妇禁灸（《外台秘要》引甄权语）。
按：《外台秘要》、甄权云：穴在阴茎下，附底宛宛中。程敬通曰：似属会阴，非阴交也。《类经》、《聚英》、《医统》、吴文炳并曰：三焦募。《神相全编》曰：丹田，脐下一寸是也。
气海穴（出自《脉经》），又名脖胦，又名下肓（出自《甲乙经》），又名丹田（出自《本事方》）。位于脐下一寸五分（《甲乙经》），宛宛中（《明堂》）。忌不可针（《千金方》），孕妇禁灸（《外台秘要》引甄权语）。
按：脖胦，吴文炳作臆前，《大成》作臆前，肓作音。吴文炳作一寸非。《本事方》曰：气海一穴，道家名曰丹田。
石门穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名利机，又名精露，又名丹田，又名命门（出自《甲乙经》），又名三焦募（《大成》引《聚英》，今本不见）。位于脐下二寸（《甲乙经》）。女子禁刺灸中央，不幸使人绝子（《甲乙经》）。
按：《甲乙经》曰：三焦募。孙真人曰：至于石门、关元二穴，在带脉下，相去一寸之间。针关元主妇人无子，针石门，则终身绝嗣。神庭一穴，在于额上，刺之主发狂，灸之则愈癫疾。其道幽隐，岂可轻侮之哉。
关元穴（出自《素问》），又名下纪（出自《素问》），又名次门（出自《甲乙经》），又名丹田（出自《资生经》），又名大中极（出自《大全》），又名小肠募（《大成》引《聚英》，今本不见）。脐下三寸（《素问》）。
按：周密《癸辛杂志》曰：张安道养生诀云：丹田，在脐下三寸，是也。《资生经》曰：脐下二寸，名石门。《明堂》载《甲乙经》云：一名丹田。《千金方》、《素问》注，亦谓丹田在脐下二寸。世医因是遂以石门为丹田，误矣。丹田乃在脐下三寸。《难经疏》论之详，而有据。《宝鉴》曰：关元，一名丹田。按阴交、气海、石门、关元，皆名丹田，恐有误。《类经》曰：此穴，当人身上下四旁之中，故又名大中极。疑是中极之解误写于此也。暂存之。《脉经》、《甲乙经》并曰：小肠募。
中极穴（出自《脉经》），又名气原，又名玉泉（出自《甲乙经》），又名膀胱募（《千翼方》）。位于脐下四寸（《甲乙经》），关元下一寸（《千金方》）。孕妇禁灸（《外台秘要》）。针即有子。又云：灸不及针（《资生经》）。
按：《脉经》、《甲乙经》并曰：膀胱募。
曲骨穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名尿胞，又名屈骨，又名屈骨端（出自《千金方》）。位于横骨上，中极下一寸，毛际陷者中，动脉应手（《甲乙经》）。
按：脐中以下，至横骨，长六寸半，是古法也。今人脐心下，至横骨，折作五寸，此误读张介宾说，遂至此。张氏至曲骨，折作五寸，谓毛际曲骨穴，非谓横骨也。《甲乙经》：中极下一寸，为曲骨。当横骨上一寸半，毛际。从俗说则此穴，当阴毛中横骨，故知其非是。《千金方》曰：小便数起，灸玉泉下一寸，名尿胞，一名屈骨端。又赤白沃阴中干痛恶，合阴阳，小腹坚，小便闭，刺屈骨，入寸半，灸三壮。在中极下一寸，即曲骨也。今移为一名。
会阴穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名屏翳（出自《甲乙经》），又名金门（出自《千金方》），又名平医（出自《大全》），又名下极（出自《金鉴》）。位于大便前，小便后，两阴之间（《甲乙经》）。
按：《千金方》云：金门，在谷道前，囊之后，当中央是也。从阴囊下，度至大孔前，中分之。今移为别名。
腹部第二行，自幽门挟巨阙两旁各半寸，下行至横骨，凡二十二穴。
幽门穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名上门（出自《甲乙经》）。位于巨阙两旁各五分，陷者中（《甲乙经》）。
按：《明堂》、《入门》、《大全》作一寸半。《千金方·心脏篇》作一寸。《金鉴》从之。以上诸书似有所见，然不合经文。现在定不容穴内又一寸五分，取此穴。
通谷穴（出自《甲乙经》）。位于幽门下一寸，陷者中（《甲乙经》），挟上脘（《类经》）。
按：《聚英》引《素问》注曰：自肓俞，至幽门去中行，各一寸，误也。现在阅次注曰：挟巨阙两旁，相去各半寸，下五穴各相去一寸，是谓幽门以下五穴，上下之间，各一寸，非去中行之谓。不然不合《内经》“挟鸠尾外各半寸，至脐寸一”之文。而“相去”二字，惑诸人。
阴都穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名食宫（出自《甲乙经》），又名通关（出自《医纲》）。位于通谷下一寸（《甲乙经》），挟胃管（《千金方》）。
按：《医学纲目》引《摘英》曰：通关，在中脘旁，各五分。针入八分，左捻能进饮食，右捻能和脾胃。许氏曰：此穴，一针四效。凡下针后良久觉脾磨食，觉针动，为一效。次针破病根，腹中作声，为二效。次觉流入膀胱，为三效。又次觉气流行腰后骨空间，为四效。主治五噎，吞酸多睡，呕吐不止，是为阴都穴，明矣。乃今移入一名。
石关穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名石阙（出自《千金方》）。位于阴都下一寸（《甲乙经》），并建里（《医门摘要》）。
商曲穴（出自《甲乙经》），又名高曲（出自《千金方》）。位于石关下一寸（《甲乙经》），并下脘（《医门摘要》）。
Measurement of bone proportions on the abdomen involves numerous theories, leaving one unsure which to follow. According to the method excluding the midline (Ren Mai), *Huangdi Neijing* states: There are twenty-two acupoints where the Qi of the Chong Mai emerges, located half a cun lateral to each side of Jiutui (Tailbone Acupoint), extending to the umbilicus at intervals of one cun; and five fen lateral to each side below the umbilicus down to Henggu (Horizontal Bone), also at intervals of one cun. This is the method for measuring abdominal meridians. *Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing* states: From Youmen (Gate of Stomach) acupoint, half a cun lateral to both sides of Juque (Great Gate) acupoint, descending along the Chong Mai to Henggu. It also mentions Shuyu (Blind Tuberculosis) acupoint, stating it is located five fen lateral to the umbilicus. Both *Jiayi Jing* and the Copper Man figures state that the Chong Mai intersects with the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, primarily based on *Suwen: Gukong Lun*. Only *Nanjing* states that the Chong Mai ascends alongside the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian flanking the umbilicus, which is likely incorrect.
The term "Jiutui" mentioned in *Neijing* refers to the xiphoid process (bi gu), not directly as an acupoint name. The name originates because the xiphoid process resembles the tail of a turtledove. In ancient texts, referring to the xiphoid process accounts for eighty to ninety percent of cases; this must be known. There are no acupoints outside Jiutui itself; thus, "lateral to Jiutui" means excluding the xiphoid process itself and taking points laterally. Similarly, "flanking the umbilicus" implies excluding the umbilicus itself. Jiutui and the umbilicus correspond vertically, with the meaning implied between the lines, a feature of classical Chinese rhetoric.
Furthermore, *Neijing* records: Points where the Qi of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian emerges include one point in the intercostal spaces of the chest, three cun below the nipple laterally to the xiphoid process, five points flanking the epigastrium, three points three cun wide flanking the umbilicus, and three points two cun below the umbilicus. *Jiayi Jing* states: From Burong (Not Containing) acupoint, one cun five fen lateral to both sides of Youmen, down to Qichong (Qi Rushing) acupoint. Also, from Qimen (Gate of Liver) acupoint, straight up towards both nipples, one cun five fen lateral to both sides of Burong, descending to Chongmen (Gate of Qi). Based on this verification: Five fen lateral to the umbilicus is the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian; one cun five fen lateral is the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian; another one cun five fen lateral, straight up towards the nipples, is the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. The total width is three cun five fen. Take a rope, measure horizontally from the side of the umbilicus to the point straight below the nipple, cut it. Remove half a cun, and fold the remainder into three cun five fen to define these three meridians. This method works regardless of the Ren Mai's width. The mention of "removing half a cun" is explained below.
People generally claim that the chest widens and curves inward by five fen upon reaching the abdomen, with eight cun between the nipples and seven cun between the abdominal Spleen Meridians, without basis. *Lingshu: Gu Du Pian* states: Chest circumference is four chi five cun, waist circumference is four chi two cun, the waist is three cun narrower than the chest. Although modern people are similar, the distance between the nipples is nine cun and half cun, which is the ancient standard. On the chest, each side is three cun and half cun apart, totaling seven cun. Adding the Ren Mai division of one cun and half cun, the total is eight cun and half cun. The chest is four cun seven fen strong from the midline to Ruzhong (Nipple Center); the abdomen is four cun two fen strong from the midline to the point straight below the nipple. Since the waist is three cun narrower than the chest, the abdomen lies in between and is narrower than the chest, which is evident. From the umbilicus to Henggu is six cun and half cun, and Henggu itself is six cun and half cun long. The four rows of abdominal points do not exceed the ends. Thus, from the chest to the abdomen gradually narrows, and from the abdomen to Henggu narrows further. Therefore, the second, third, and fourth rows can be taken accurately by eye according to proportions; there is no reason for inward curvature. All books rely on the "eight cun between nipples" theory, so their statements on distances from the midline or Ren Mai are baseless and rejected. The reason for not specifying the Ren Mai's width is the lack of explicit text. *Jiayi Jing* notes for Burong: "Two cun from Ren Mai." The remaining five fen, combined on both sides, equals one cun; it is unknown which is correct. Therefore, we now use the umbilicus and Jiutui to determine the non-Ren Mai divisions, not specifying exact inches, following *Neijing*'s intent. How would people calculate the Ren Mai using the eight-cun nipple distance? Their reasoning ends at Zhongfu and Yunmen being two cun from Ruzhong. They say: Using same-body cun, the chest uses a long ruler, behind the nipple a short ruler. This is absurd. It is clear that "eight cun between nipples" is baseless.
The midline of the abdomen, from Jiutui down to Huiyin, contains fifteen acupoints.
**Jiutui** (from *Suwen*), also known as Wei Yi (*Lingshu*), Yiqian (*Jiayi Jing*), Shenfu (*Qianjin Fang*), and Yiqian (*Juying*, *Dacheng*). Located five fen below the xiphoid process (*Jiayi Jing*). The bone hangs down like a turtledove's tail, hence the name. For those without a xiphoid process, take one cun down from the qigu (depression between the body and xiphoid process) (*Shengji Zonglu*). Contraindicated for acupuncture and moxibustion (*Jiayi Jing*). Suitable for acupuncture only (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan). This point is difficult to needle; only highly skilled practitioners should needle it (*Zisheng Jing*).
Note: The character "Yi" in ancient texts has three meanings: sometimes referring to qigu, sometimes to the xiphoid process, and sometimes as an acupoint name synonymous with Jiutui. Later generations did not understand this. *Suwen* states: Three cun below Jiutui is Weiwuan (Epigastrium), which is Shangwan. In the chapter on Foot-Yangming emerging points: Lateral to Jiutui, three cun below the nipple, flanking Weiwuan. This means the Yangming meridian descends straight below the nipple, flanking the xiphoid process, three cun below qigu to the side of Shangwan, then continues down. It also says: From qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun, Taicang (Zhongwan) is in the middle. Meaning from the edge of qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun, Zhongwan is central. Here, qigu edge is meant, lateral to Jiutui. Jiutui here refers to the xiphoid process. Why? Because the xiphoid process varies in length, so measurements are based on qigu. If the xiphoid process is five fen long, the Jiutui acupoint is called so when it is one cun below qigu. *Qianjin Fang: Shanghan Pian* states: Moxa three points below the heart. First point, one cun below the heart, named Juque. Second point, two cun below the heart, named Shangwan. Third point, three cun below the heart, named Weiwuan. Moxa fifty Zhu each. However, human bodies vary in size, so inch measurements may differ. Use a rope to measure, adjusting for length, which is best. Take a rope from the heart bone, named Jiutui head, measure to the center of the umbilicus, fold the rope in half. The end of the rope marks Weiwuan. Fold the half-rope again into two parts. Measure one fen upward from Weiwuan to get Shangwan. Measure another one fen upward to get Juque. This explanation is incorrect. Popular belief often considers the distance from Jiutui acupoint to the umbilicus as eight cun, or from the xiphoid process as eight cun, dividing the upper abdomen (seven cun five fen above the umbilicus) to place points, which is inconsistent. Thus, some wrongly claim Zhongwan is three cun or three cun half below Jiutui. Also, *Jiayi Jing* states: Shangwan is one cun five fen below Juque, three cun from the xiphoid process. This is Huangfu Mi's error. Hua Shou conflated Jiutui and the xiphoid process, stating Shangwan is three cun from the xiphoid process. He noted Shangwan is one cun below Juque, approximately one cun five fen, forcing it to match *Neijing*'s "three cun below Jiutui". Generally, Jiutui is five fen below the xiphoid process, a traditional saying. Hua Shou said: For those without a xiphoid process, take one cun down from qigu, which is correct. However, failing to distinguish xiphoid length led to confusion. Now, from qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun. One cun down from qigu is Jiutui. Assuming a normal xiphoid length of five fen, the area below is Jiutui. Generally speaking, if the xiphoid were one cun long, treat it as five fen. From the tip of the xiphoid to the umbilicus, divide into seven cun five fen to locate points, referencing laterally. If the xiphoid is short or invisible, taking Jiutui one cun below qigu is likely harmless. Scholars should consult Cunshang Qin's *Gudu Zhengwu*: "Yi" refers to the bone covering the heart, hanging from between the qigu, finger-sized, attached to the sternum, marking the boundary between chest and abdomen. Ignoring this and using qigu as the limit for bone division contradicts the classics. Abandoning the xiphoid for qigu violates bone proportions. This error stems from not knowing "Yi" has three meanings. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* says: Xinyan refers to Jiutui. Or Xinyan tip. Variations in Xinyan exist due to ignorance of its three meanings. Yan and Bi share the meaning of protecting the heart. *Guanya* says: Keyue (Collarbone depression). *Yupian* says: Shoulder bone. Neither is correct.
**Juque** (from *Maijing*), also known as Xinmu (*Dacheng*). Located one cun below Jiutui (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Zhouhou Fang* says: One cun below the tip of Xinyan, incorrect. Also says: Four cun below the tip of Xinyan, mark with red. This text is unclear, likely containing omissions or errors. *Zisheng Jing* says: "Jiutui ju" implies slightly stronger one cun; some people have a "Jiutui ju," which is hard to explain. Notes on Juque in *Qianjin Fang* and *Waitai Miyao* scattered across chapters contain many errors differing from *Mingtang Pian*. Due to length, they are not recorded here. *Yizong Jinjian* states: Two cun below the two qigu bones. *Dacheng* also writes "two cun below Jiutui/qigu," making "two" inexplicable. *Gudu Zhengwu* states: Many today say Juque is six cun above the umbilicus, which is wrong. This started with Zhang Shi, due to confusion between qigu and xiphoid. It should be six cun five fen. This view is also mistaken.
**Shangwan** (from *Maijing*), also known as Weiwuan, Shangji (*Suwen*), Weiguan (*Xiangji Chengji*), Shangguan (*Baojian*). Located one cun below Juque (*Qianjin Fang*), five cun above the umbilicus (*Leijing*), two cun below Jiutui (*Zengzhu*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Leijing*), no acupuncture (*Xiangji Chengji*).
Note: *Jiayi Jing* states one cun five fen below Juque, three cun from the xiphoid process. This is incorrect, as explained above. If it were one cun five fen, abdominal lateral points would not fit *Neijing*'s rule of one point per cun. Shangwan, Zhongwan, Xiawan are all written as "guan" in *Waitai Miyao*.
**Zhongwan** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Taicang (*Suwen*), Weimu (*Qianjin Fang*). From qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun, Taicang is in the middle, four cun above the umbilicus (*Suwen*). One cun below Shangwan (*Jiayi Jing*), three cun below Jiutui (*Qianjin Fang*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Leijing*).
Note: From qigu to the umbilicus, and above the umbilicus, are measured from the center of the umbilicus. The classic says: Shangji is Weiwuan. Secondary note says: Refers to Zhongwan. *Zisheng Jing* and *Leijing* consider Weiwuan and Shangji as alternate names for Zhongwan. But the classic says: Three cun below Jiutui is Weiwuan, five cun [from somewhere] is Weiwuan. Weiwuan refers to the stomach tube. Shangwan and Zhongwan are both Weiwuan. Thus, Shangji is likely an alternate name for Shangwan. *Zisheng Jing* and *Leijing* inherited Wang Bing's error. *Qianjin Yi Fang: Wei Bing Pian* states: Two cun below the heart, named Weiguan. Also: Weiguan is three cun below the heart/Jiutui, which is Shangwan. Zhongwan is collectively called Weiguan. *Zhenjiu Zhong Pian* states four cun below the heart. *Jiayi Jing* states between the xiphoid and umbilicus, which is incorrect, as explained. *Zhouhou Fang* states four cun below Xinyan. *Qianjin Fang: Huoluan Pian* states four cun below Xinyan, one fu above the umbilicus. Juque note says Xinyan tip refers to the xiphoid process. Here, Xinyan seems to refer to qigu, causing confusion, so it is not adopted.
**Jianli** (from *Jiayi Jing*). Located one cun below Zhongwan (*Jiayi Jing*), three cun above the umbilicus (*Leijing*), four cun below Jiutui (*Rumen*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Leijing*), contraindicated for moxibustion (*Rumen*).
**Xiawan** (from *Maijing*), also known as Youmen (*Shengji Zonglu*). Located one cun below Jianli (*Jiayi Jing*), two cun above the umbilicus (*Leijing*), five cun below Jiutui (*Rumen*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan).
Note: *Nanjing* states: The lower opening of Taicang is Youmen. Hua Shou says: At Xiawan, two cun above the umbilicus, treating Youmen not as an acupoint name. Now following *Shengji Zonglu*. *Qifu Lun* states: Three cun below Jiutui is Weiwuan, five cun [below] is Weiwuan.
**Shuifen** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Zhongshou (*Qianjin Fang*), Fen shui (*Mingtang*). Located one cun below Xiawan, one cun above the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), six cun below Jiutui (*Rumen*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan), contraindicated for needling (*Zisheng Jing* note: To clearly remove water qi, only Shuigou can be needled; needling other points drains all water leading to death. Why say this point can be needled? Current collation deems 'no needling' correct.)
Note: *Mingtang* and *Yixue Gangmu* write Fen shui, now treated as an alias. *Nanjing* says: The meeting of Large Intestine and Small Intestine is Lanmen. Hua Shou says: One cun above the umbilicus at Shuifen. Various schools do not consider Lanmen an alias for Shuifen. Record temporarily for future clarification. There is also an Extra point named Shuifen.
**Shenque** (from *Waitai Miyao*), ancient name Qizhong (*Jiayi Jing*), also known as Qishe (*Waitai Miyao*). Contraindicated for needling (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: Ancient texts have no notes. *Qixue Lun* states: One point at the umbilicus. *Jiayi Jing*, *Qianjin Fang*, *Yifang*, and secondary notes all say Qizhong, with no name Shenque. This name appears in *Waitai Miyao*, *Zisheng Jing*, *Daqian*, *Baojian*. She as He, likely a typo.
**Yinjiao** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shao Guan, Heng Hu (*Jiayi Jing*), Dantian (*Shenxiang Quanbian*). Located one cun below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), measured from the center of the umbilicus (*Zengzhu*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan).
Note: *Waitai Miyao*, Zhenquan says: The point is below the penis, in the depression at the base. Cheng Jingtong says: It seems to belong to Huiyin, not Yinjiao. *Leijing*, *Juying*, *Yitong*, Wu Wenbing all say: Mu point of Sanjiao. *Shenxiang Quanbian* says: Dantian is one cun below the umbilicus.
**Qihai** (from *Maijing*), also known as Bo Yang, Xiahuang (*Jiayi Jing*), Dantian (*Benshi Fang*). Located one cun five fen below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), in the depression (*Mingtang*). Contraindicated for needling (*Qianjin Fang*), contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan).
Note: Bo Yang, Wu Wenbing writes Yiqian, *Dacheng* writes Yiqian. Huang pronounced. Wu Wenbing says one cun is incorrect. *Benshi Fang* states: Qihai acupoint, Daoists call it Dantian.
**Shimen** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Liji, Jinglu, Dantian, Mingmen (*Jiayi Jing*), Sanjiaomu (*Dacheng* citing *Juying*, not in current edition). Located two cun below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*). Women: Contraindicated for needling and moxibustion at the center; unfortunately causes sterility (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Jiayi Jing* says: Sanjiaomu. Sun Simiao says: As for Shimen and Guanyuan, located below the Dai Mai, one cun apart. Needling Guanyuan treats female infertility; needling Shimen causes lifelong sterility. Shenting acupoint is on the forehead; needling causes mania, moxibustion cures epilepsy. Its principles are profound and hidden, how can they be lightly despised?
**Guanyuan** (from *Suwen*), also known as Xiaji (*Suwen*), Cimen (*Jiayi Jing*), Dantian (*Zisheng Jing*), Da Zhongji (*Daqian*), Xiaochangmu (*Dacheng* citing *Juying*, not in current edition). Three cun below the umbilicus (*Suwen*).
Note: Zhou Mi's *Guixin Zazhi* cites Zhang Andao's health regimen: Dantian is three cun below the umbilicus, which is correct. *Zisheng Jing* states: Two cun below the umbilicus is named Shimen. *Mingtang* cites *Jiayi Jing* saying: Also known as Dantian. *Qianjin Fang* and *Suwen* notes also say Dantian is two cun below the umbilicus. Doctors therefore mistakenly took Shimen as Dantian. Dantian is actually three cun below the umbilicus. *Nanjing Shu* discusses this in detail with evidence. *Baojian* states: Guanyuan, also known as Dantian. Note that Yinjiao, Qihai, Shimen, and Guanyuan are all called Dantian, which may be erroneous. *Leijing* states: This point is in the center of the upper and lower four sides of the body, hence also named Da Zhongji. Suspect this is a miswritten explanation of Zhongji. Temporarily retained. *Maijing* and *Jiayi Jing* both say: Xiaochangmu.
**Zhongji** (from *Maijing*), also known as Qiyuan, Yuquan (*Jiayi Jing*), Pangguangmu (*Qianyi Fang*). Located four cun below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), one cun below Guanyuan (*Qianjin Fang*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao*). Needling leads to conception. Also says: Moxibustion is inferior to needling (*Zisheng Jing*).
Note: *Maijing* and *Jiayi Jing* both say: Pangguangmu.
**Qugu** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Niaopao, Qugu, Qugu Duan (*Qianjin Fang*). Located above Henggu, one cun below Zhongji, in the depression at the pubic hair line, pulsating (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: From the umbilicus to Henggu is six cun and half cun, the ancient method. Modern people measure from the umbilicus to Henggu as five cun, a misreading of Zhang Jiabin's theory, leading to this error. Zhang measured to Qugu as five cun, referring to the pubic hair line/Qugu acupoint, not Henggu. *Jiayi Jing*: One cun below Zhongji is Qugu. Located one cun and half cun above Henggu, at the pubic hair line. Following popular belief, this point is in the pubic hair/Henggu, proving it incorrect. *Qianjin Fang* states: Frequent urination, moxa one cun below Yuquan, named Niaopao, also Qugu Duan. Also white/red discharge, dry painful yin, aversion to intercourse, hardness of lower abdomen, urinary retention, needle Qugu, insert one cun and half cun, moxa three Zhu. Located one cun below Zhongji, i.e., Qugu. Now transferred as an alias.
**Huiyin** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Pingyi (*Jiayi Jing*), Jinmen (*Qianjin Fang*), Pingyi (*Daqian*), Xiaji (*Jinjian*). Located before the anus, after the urethra, between the two yins (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Qianjin Fang* says: Jinmen is in front of the anus, behind the scrotum, in the center. Measuring from below the scrotum to the front of the anus, dividing in the middle. Now transferred as an alias.
The second row of the abdomen, from Youmen half a cun lateral to both sides of Juque, descending to Henggu, contains twenty-two acupoints.
**Youmen** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shangmen (*Jiayi Jing*). Located five fen lateral to both sides of Juque, in the depression (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Mingtang*, *Rumen*, *Daqian* state one cun five fen. *Qianjin Fang: Xin Zang Pian* states one cun. *Jinjian* follows this. These books seem to have insights but contradict the classic text. Now determining Burong acupoint, add another one cun five fen inside to locate this point.
**Tonggu** (from *Jiayi Jing*). Located one cun below Youmen, in the depression (*Jiayi Jing*), flanking Shangwan (*Leijing*).
Note: *Juying* citing *Suwen* note says: From Shuyu to Youmen, each one cun from the midline, is incorrect. Reading the secondary note: Flanking Juque, half a cun apart, the next five points are each one cun apart. This refers to the five points below Youmen, spaced one cun vertically, not from the midline. Otherwise, it contradicts *Neijing*'s "half a cun lateral to Jiutui, one cun to the umbilicus". The phrase "apart" confused many.
**Yindu** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shigong (*Jiayi Jing*), Tongguan (*Yigang*). Located one cun below Tonggu (*Jiayi Jing*), flanking Weiguan (*Qianjin Fang*).
Note: *Yixue Gangmu* citing *Zhaoying* says: Tongguan, five fen lateral to Zhongwan. Insert needle eight fen. Twisting left promotes eating; twisting right harmonizes spleen and stomach. Xu Shi says: This point has four effects with one insertion. After inserting, feeling the spleen digest food and the needle move is the first effect. Next, the needle breaks the disease root, causing abdominal sounds, is the second effect. Next, feeling qi flow into the bladder is the third effect. Finally, feeling qi flow in the space behind the lumbar bones is the fourth effect. Mainly treats five types of dysphagia, acid regurgitation, excessive sleepiness, persistent vomiting. This clearly defines Yindu acupoint. Now transferred as an alias.
**Shiguan** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shique (*Qianjin Fang*). Located one cun below Yindu (*Jiayi Jing*), aligning with Jianli (*Yimen Yaoyao*).
**Shangqu** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Gaoqu (*Qianjin Fang*). Located one cun below Shiguan (*Jiayi Jing*), aligning with Xiawan (*Yimen Yaoyao*).