统属足太阳膀胱经（《灵枢》曰∶足太阳所生病者，项背腰尻皆痛。《素问》曰∶邪客于足太
阳之络，令人拘挛背急，引胁而痛。又曰∶巨阳虚，则腰背头项痛。又曰∶足太阳脉，令人腰痛引项脊，尻背
如重状。杨上善曰∶三阳为经者，谓足太阳之脉，从目内 上头，分为四道，下项，并正别脉，上下六道，以行
于背，与身为经）。又属手太阴肺经（《灵枢》曰∶手太阴所生病者，气盛有余，则肩背痛，风寒汗出；气虚，
则肩背痛寒，少气不足以息。又曰∶巨肩及膺陷喉者肺高，合腋张胁者肺下；好肩背浓者肺坚，肩背薄者肺脆；
背膺浓者肺端正，胁偏 者肺偏倾也。《素问》曰∶背为阳，阳中之阴肺也。又曰∶西方白色，入通于肺，故病
在背。又曰∶秋脉太过，则令人逆气，而背痛愠愠然。又曰∶咳嗽喘逆，肩背痛，汗出。李东垣曰∶肩背痛，
风寒汗出，中风，小便数而少者，风热乘其肺，使肺气郁甚也，以通气防风汤主之可也）。兼属足少阴肾经（《灵
枢》曰∶心痛引背不得息，刺足少阴。《素问》邪在肾，则病肩背痛，取之涌泉，昆仑，视有血者尽取曰∶之。
李东垣曰∶肾气不循故道，气逆挟脊而上，致肩背作痛，宜和气饮，加盐炒小茴香半钱、川椒十粒）。又属冲
脉（《灵枢》曰∶冲脉起于胞中，上循背里，为经络之海）。又总属五脏（《灵枢》曰∶五脏之俞，出于背者，
胸中大俞，在杼骨之端，肺俞在三椎之间，心俞在五椎之间，膈俞在七椎之间，肝俞在九椎之间，脾俞在十一椎
之间，肾俞在十四椎之间，皆挟脊相去三寸取。则欲得而验之，按其处，应在中而痛解，乃其处也。灸之则可，
刺之则不可。唐太宗曰∶朕读《明堂》针灸书，云人五脏之系，咸附于背，自今毋得笞囚背。“椎”旧作“ ”，古通用）。
背部区域统属于足太阳膀胱经（《灵枢》记载：足太阳经所发生的病症，包括项部、背部、腰部和骶部的疼痛。《素问》记载：邪气侵袭足太阳经的络脉，使人拘挛、背部紧急，并牵引胁肋部疼痛。又说：巨阳（即足太阳经）虚弱，则导致腰部、背部、头部和项部疼痛。又说：足太阳经脉的病证，使人腰痛并牵引项部和脊柱，骶部和背部感觉沉重。杨上善说：三阳经中作为“经”的部分，是指足太阳经脉，从目内眦上行至头部，分为四条通道，下行至项部，连同正脉和别脉，上下共六道，运行于背部，与身体构成经络系统）。同时归属于手太阴肺经（《灵枢》记载：手太阴经所发生的病症，若气盛有余，则出现肩背疼痛、风寒感冒且出汗；若气虚，则出现肩背疼痛伴寒战、气短不足以呼吸。又说：肩膀高耸及胸前凹陷喉部的是肺位偏高，腋下张开胁肋外扩的是肺位偏低；肩部背部肌肉丰厚的是肺脏坚实，肩部背部肌肉薄弱的是肺脏脆弱；背部和胸部肌肉丰厚的是肺脏位置端正，胁肋偏斜的是肺脏位置倾斜。《素问》记载：背部属阳，其中的阴脏是肺。又说：西方对应白色，通应于肺，所以病位在背部。又说：秋季脉象太过，则使人气逆，背部隐隐作痛。又说：咳嗽气喘气逆，肩背疼痛，出汗。李东垣说：肩背疼痛，风寒感冒出汗，中风，小便频数而量少，这是风热乘袭肺部，使肺气郁结严重的缘故，可用通气防风汤主治）。兼属足少阴肾经（《灵枢》记载：心痛牵引背部导致呼吸困难，应针刺足少阴经。《素问》记载：邪气在肾脏，则发生肩背疼痛，取用涌泉穴、昆仑穴，观察有瘀血的地方全部刺破出血。李东垣说：肾气不循常道，气逆挟持脊柱向上，导致肩背疼痛，适宜使用和气饮，加入盐炒小茴香半钱、川椒十粒）。又归属于冲脉（《灵枢》记载：冲脉起于胞中，沿脊柱内部上行，被称为经络之海）。总归属于五脏（《灵枢》记载：五脏的俞穴都出于背部，胸中的大腧穴位于脊椎骨端，肺俞穴在三椎之间，心俞穴在五椎之间，膈俞穴在七椎之间，肝俞穴在九椎之间，脾俞穴在十一椎之间，肾俞穴在十四椎之间，都在脊柱两侧相距三寸处取穴。想要验证穴位是否准确，按压该部位，如果感到疼痛缓解，那就是正确的穴位。艾灸可以，针刺则不可行。唐太宗说：我阅读《明堂》针灸书，书中说人的五脏联系组织，都依附于背部，从今以后不得鞭打囚犯的背部。“椎”字旧作“”，古时通用）。
The back region is primarily governed by the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Ling Shu states: Diseases generated by the Foot-Taiyang meridian include pain in the nape, back, loins, and sacrum. Su Wen states: When pathogenic factors invade the collaterals of the Foot-Taiyang, it causes spasms and tightness of the back, radiating to the hypochondrium with pain. It also states: Deficiency of Ju Yang [i.e., Foot-Taiyang] leads to pain in the waist, back, head, and nape. Furthermore, diseases of the Foot-Taiyang meridian cause lower back pain radiating to the neck and spine, with a heavy sensation in the sacrum and back. Yang Shangshan explains: Among the three Yang meridians, the term "Jing" [Channel/Classic] refers to the Foot-Taiyang meridian, which originates from the inner canthus, ascends to the head, divides into four pathways, descends to the nape, and along with its main and divergent branches, forms six channels running along the back, constituting the meridians of the body). It is also associated with the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Ling Shu states: Diseases of the Hand-Taiyin manifest as shoulder and back pain with sweating due to wind-cold when Qi is excessive; or shoulder and back pain with chills and shortness of breath when Qi is deficient. It further states: High shoulders and sunken chest/throat indicate a high lung position; wide armpits and flared ribs indicate a low lung position; thick muscles on shoulders and back indicate solid lungs; thin muscles on shoulders and back indicate fragile lungs; thick back and chest indicate upright lungs; slanted ribs indicate tilted lungs. Su Wen states: The back belongs to Yang, and within Yang, the Yin organ is the Lung. It also states: The West corresponds to white and connects internally with the Lung, hence disease manifests in the back. Additionally, an excessive Autumn pulse causes rebellious Qi and dull back pain. Cough, asthma, rebellious Qi, shoulder and back pain, and sweating are also mentioned. Li Dongyuan states: Shoulder and back pain, wind-cold with sweating, stroke, frequent but scanty urination result from wind-heat attacking the Lung, causing severe Qi stagnation; this should be treated with Tongqi Fangfeng Tang). It is additionally associated with the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian (Ling Shu states: Heart pain radiating to the back with dyspnea should be treated by needling the Foot-Shaoyin meridian. Su Wen states: Pathogens in the Kidney cause shoulder and back pain; treat by selecting Yongquan [KI1] and Kunlun [BL60], and bleeding any visible stasis. Li Dongyuan states: When Kidney Qi fails to follow its normal pathway and rebels upward along the spine, causing shoulder and back pain, Heqi Yin is appropriate, added with half a qian of salt-fried Fennel Fruit [Xiao Huixiang] and ten grains of Sichuan Pepper [Chuanjiao]). It is also connected to the Chong Mai [Penetrating Vessel] (Ling Shu states: The Chong Mai originates in the uterus, runs up along the interior of the back, and is known as the Sea of the Twelve Meridians). It generally encompasses the Five Zang Organs (Ling Shu states: The Shu points of the Five Zang organs emerge from the back. The major Shu point for the chest is at the end of the vertebral processes. Feishu [BL13] is between the third and fourth thoracic vertebrae, Xinshu [BL15] between the fifth and sixth, Geshu [BL17] between the seventh and eighth, Ganshu [BL18] between the ninth and tenth, Pishu [BL20] between the eleventh and twelfth, and Shenshu [BL23] between the fourteenth and fifteenth. These are located three cun lateral to the spine. To verify the correct location, press the area; if pain is relieved upon pressure, that is the correct point. Moxibustion is permissible, but needling is contraindicated. Emperor Taizong of Tang stated: I have read the Mingtang acupuncture texts, which state that the connections of the five Zang organs attach to the back; therefore, from now on, prisoners shall not be flogged on the back. The character "Zhui" [Vertebra] was formerly written as "", used interchangeably in ancient times).