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此经本有名有形,其经络起于手第四指之关冲穴,而止于面部之耳后丝竹空,其府附乎右肾。后世以
为无状有名者,非其倚始于秦越人,而成于王叔和也。其脉见于右手尺部,厥阴、心包络为表里。
《素问》曰∶三焦者,决渎之官,水道出焉。
《本藏》篇云∶肾应骨。密理浓皮者,三焦、膀胱浓;粗理薄皮者,三焦、膀胱薄。疏腠理者,三焦、膀
胱缓;皮急面无毫毛者,三焦、膀胱急。毫毛美而粗者,三焦、膀胱直;稀毫毛者,三焦、膀胱结也。
手少阳三焦之脉,二十三穴之中,关冲连开液门,中渚阳池外关,支沟会宗三阳络,四渎天井清冷渊,消泺 会
肩相联,天 外天牖之下,翳风让螈脉居先,颅囟定而角孙近耳,丝竹空而禾 倒悬,耳门既辟夏纳闻焉。
无名之外端关冲,液门小次指陷中,中渚腋下去一寸,阳池腕上之陷中。外关腕后方二寸,腕后三寸开支沟(臂外
三寸两骨间),腕后三寸内会宗,空中有穴细心求。腕后四寸三阳络,四渎肘前五寸着,天井肘外大骨后,骨罅中间一
寸摸。肘后二寸清冷渊,消烁 节腋臂下看。 会肩前三寸中(肩前廉,去肩头三寸宛宛中),肩 上陷中央,天牖
天容之后存(天牖,颈大筋外,缺盆上,天容后,天柱前,完骨下,发际上),翳风耳后尖角陷(耳后尖角陷中,按之
引耳中)。螈脉耳后青脉现,颅囟亦在青络脉,角孙耳廓中间上,耳门耳前起肉中(耳前起肉,当耳缺陷中),禾 耳
前动脉张,欲丝竹空何在?眉后陷中仔细量。(马玄台曰∶周身之穴,头部最难,徐氏以行分之谈矣。计共二十三穴,左
右共四十六穴)
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手少阳三焦经图
这条经脉原本是有名称且有形体的。其经络起始于手部第四指(无名指)的关冲穴,终止于面部耳后的丝竹空穴,其腑附着在右肾。后世认为它无形无状只有名称,这不是因为它起源于秦越人(扁鹊),而由王叔和定型吗?其脉象显现于右手尺部,与厥阴心包络互为表里。
《灵枢·本藏》篇说:肾对应骨。纹理细密、皮肤厚实的,三焦和膀胱也厚实;纹理粗糙、皮肤薄的,三焦和膀胱也薄。腠理疏松的,三焦和膀胱弛缓;皮肤紧绷且面无毫毛的,三焦和膀胱拘急。毫毛美观粗壮的,三焦和膀胱正直;毫毛稀疏的,三焦和膀胱郁结。
手少阳三焦经的经脉,共有二十三个穴位。从关冲穴连至液门穴,再到中渚、阳池、外关,接着是支沟、会宗、三阳络,然后是四渎、天井、清冷渊,经过消泺穴与会穴相连,再上至肩髎穴相连接。天牖穴位于天容穴之下,翳风穴让位于颔厌穴居先(注:此处原文“螈脉”疑为“颔厌”或特定脉络描述,依文意调整语序以通顺,实则列举穴位顺序),颅囟穴定位后角孙穴靠近耳朵,丝竹空穴处禾髎穴倒悬,耳门穴既已开通,夏纳闻焉(形容听觉灵敏)。
无名指外侧端的关冲穴,液门穴在小指与无名指之间的凹陷中,中渚穴在手背第五掌骨基底前方一寸处,阳池穴在腕背横纹的凹陷中。外关穴在腕背横纹后方二寸,腕后三寸处开支沟穴(手臂外侧两骨之间三寸处),腕后三寸内侧交会宗穴,需细心寻找其中的穴位。腕后四寸处有三阳络穴,四渎穴在肘前五寸处定着,天井穴在肘尖外侧大骨后方,在两骨缝隙中间一寸处摸索可得。肘后二寸处是清冷渊穴,消泺穴在腋下臂下观察。会穴在肩前廉,距肩头三寸的宛宛中(凹陷处),肩髎穴在肩上凹陷中央,天牖穴在天容穴之后存在(天牖穴位于颈部大筋外侧,缺盆上方,天容穴后方,天柱穴前方,完骨穴下方,发际上方),翳风穴在耳后尖角凹陷中(按压时感觉引动耳中)。颔厌穴(原文作螈脉,据上下文及穴位歌诀推测可能指代耳后脉络或特定穴位,此处保留原词意译)在耳后青色脉络显现处,颅囟穴也在青色络脉处,角孙穴在耳廓中间上方,耳门穴在耳前隆起的肌肉中(耳前隆起,正当耳屏缺陷中),禾髎穴在耳前动脉搏动张显处,想要知道丝竹空穴在哪里?在眉后凹陷中仔细度量。(马玄台说:全身的穴位,头部最难定位,徐氏通过分行论述来谈论。共计二十三穴,左右共四十六穴)
手少阳三焦经之图
Diagram of the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian
This meridian originally had a name and a physical form. Its pathway originates at Guanchong (TE1) on the fourth finger (ring finger) of the hand, and terminates at Sizhukong (TE23) behind the ear on the face. Its fu-organ is attached to the right Kidney. Later generations considered it to have only a name but no form; was this not because its origin lies with Qin Yue Ren (Bian Que), and its formulation completed by Wang Shuhe? Its pulse is visible at the Chi position of the right wrist, forming an interior-exterior relationship with the Jueyin Pericardium.
The *Suwen* states: The Sanjiao is the official responsible for draining and conducting, through which water passages flow.
The chapter *Ben Cang* in *Lingshu* says: The Kidney corresponds to bone. Those with dense texture and thick skin have thick Sanjiao and Bladder; those with coarse texture and thin skin have thin Sanjiao and Bladder. Those with loose interstices have lax Sanjiao and Bladder; those with tight skin and no body hair have tense Sanjiao and Bladder. Those with beautiful and coarse body hair have upright Sanjiao and Bladder; those with sparse body hair have knotted Sanjiao and Bladder.
The meridian of the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao contains twenty-three acupoints. From Guanchong connecting to Yemen, then Zhongzhu, Yangchi, Waiguan, followed by Zhigou, Huizong, Sanyangluo, then Sidu, Tianjing, Qinglengyuan, passing Xiaoluo and connecting to Hui, ascending to Jianliao. Tianyou is located below Tianrong; Yifeng yields precedence to Han Yan (Note: "Yuan Mai" in text likely refers to vascular or specific point context, translated as per structure); after locating Lulin, Jiaosun is near the ear; at Sizhukong, Heliao hangs inverted; once Ermen opens, hearing is acute in summer.
At the lateral end of the ring finger is Guanchong; Yemen is in the depression between the little and ring fingers; Zhongzhu is one cun anterior to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone on the dorsum of the hand; Yangchi is in the depression at the dorsal wrist crease. Waiguan is two cun proximal to the dorsal wrist crease; Zhigou is three cun proximal to the wrist (three cun between the two bones on the lateral arm); Huizong meets internally three cun proximal to the wrist; seek the point carefully within the space. Sanyangluo is four cun proximal to the wrist; Sidu is fixed five cun proximal to the elbow; Tianjing is posterior to the large bone lateral to the elbow tip; feel for it one cun within the gap between the bones. Qinglengyuan is two cun posterior to the elbow; Xiaoluo is observed below the axilla and arm. Hui is in the center three cun from the shoulder head at the anterior border of the shoulder (in the depression); Jianliao is in the central depression of the shoulder; Tianyou exists posterior to Tianrong (Tianyou is lateral to the major tendon of the neck, above the clavicle fossa, posterior to Tianrong, anterior to Tianzhu, inferior to Wangu, superior to the hairline); Yifeng is in the depression at the sharp angle behind the ear (pressing draws sensation into the ear). Yuan Mai appears where green veins manifest behind the ear; Lulin is also in the green collateral vessels; Jiaosun is superior in the middle of the auricle; Ermen is in the muscle rising anterior to the ear (the raised muscle anterior to the ear, corresponding to the tragus defect); Heliao is where the artery pulses anterior to the ear. Where is Sizhukong? Measure carefully in the depression behind the eyebrow. (Ma Xuantai said: Among all acupoints in the body, those on the head are the most difficult to locate. Xu's method discusses them by rows. There are twenty-three points in total, forty-six points including both sides.)
Diagram of the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian