张子和十形三疗云戴人治王宰妻病胸膈不利戴人用痰药一涌而出雪白虫一条长五六寸有
口鼻
牙齿走于涎中病者忿而断之中有白发一茎余按永徽中僧病噎者腹中破一物其状如鱼即所谓生
瘕也嘉靖初长洲邹表妻患小腹下左生一块形如梅李久之吐出始则腐溃若米粞之状中则若蚬
肉
之状以指捻开则有长发数条在其内名医竟不能治遂至不起余尝见蛇发等瘕往往戴于方书或偶
因食物相感假血而成理或有之不可指为妄诞也
弘治巳未春邻居一人食河豚子而毙与之同食者急饮秽汁虽无恙然犹数日始安尝闻此鱼有
不可
食者三赤目苍点燕尾余若烹庖得法可食能发痼疾肝不熟食之令人麻子不熟食之令人胀食其眼
则酸唯江阴人好食子必埋之于地中经二三宿取出煮竟日以红曲同煮焉观其色通红则可食否则
食之必死误中其毒者用橄榄芦根汁解之调地浆亦能解
刘文洁妻有妊产期将近偶食斑鱼入夜四肢厥冷胸满腹胀气塞痰上喘息不定须臾叫躁而死
噫斑
鱼长不满三寸然其形状亦类河豚有娠者宜禁食本草云河豚无毒然则斑鱼其毒若是况河豚乎本
草之言吾亦未深信也
席上辅谈云凡驴马之自毙者其肉食之皆能杀人而肝尤甚医书云马火畜也有肝而无胆五脏
不足
故食其肝者死史记云秦穆公亡马野人得而食之者三百余人吏欲法之缪公曰君子不以畜产害人
吾闻食马肉者不饮酒伤人乃皆赐酒而赦之近见葛生食马肉致病极重医教以煮酒入盐饮之而愈
然则酒可以解马毒也又周密癸辛杂志云马肝至毒人欲食之者以芍药根同煮之则无毒矣或误食
之用芍药浓煮汁饮之可制其毒矣
张子和在《十形三疗》中记载:戴人治疗王宰的妻子,病症表现为胸膈部气机不畅。戴人使用催吐的痰药,患者吐出后,有一条雪白的虫子,长约五六寸,有口、鼻、牙齿,在涎液中游走。病人愤怒地将其切断,发现虫体中间有一根白发。
我查阅史料,永徽年间有位僧人患噎膈病,腹部破开排出一物,形状像鱼,这就是所谓的“生瘕”。嘉靖初年,长洲邹表之妻患病,小腹左下方长出一块肿块,形状像梅子或李子,久而久之,将其吐出。起初溃烂状如米粥中的碎渣,后来状如蚬肉。用手指捻开,里面有几条长发。名医们最终无法治愈,病人因此去世。我曾见过蛇发等类型的瘕症,往往记载于医书中。这或许是偶然因食物相互作用,假借血液而成,道理上或许存在,不能指为荒诞不经。
弘治己未年春天,邻居一人食用河豚子而死,与他同食的人急忙饮用污秽的汁液,虽然未受害,但也过了几天才安定下来。曾听说这种鱼有三种情况不可食用:眼睛赤红、背部有苍色斑点、尾部像燕子尾巴。其余如果烹饪方法得当,是可以食用的,但能诱发旧疾。肝脏不煮熟吃,使人身上起麻点;肉不煮熟吃,使人腹胀;吃它的眼睛则感到酸味。只有江阴人喜欢食用河豚子,一定将其埋在地下,经过两三个夜晚取出,煮一整天,用红曲一起煮。观察其颜色通红则可以食用,否则吃了必死。误中毒者,用橄榄和芦根的汁液解毒,调用地浆也能解毒。
刘文洁的妻子怀孕临近产期,偶然食用了斑鱼。入夜后四肢厥冷,胸满腹胀,气塞痰涌,喘息不定,片刻之后叫喊躁动而死。唉!斑鱼长度不满三寸,但其形状也类似河豚。孕妇应当禁止食用。《本草》说河豚无毒,那么斑鱼的毒性竟然如此之大,何况是河豚呢?对于《本草》的说法,我也未能深信。
席上辅谈论说:凡是驴马自然死亡的,它们的肉吃了都能杀人,而肝脏尤其严重。医书说马是火畜,有肝而无胆,五脏不足,所以吃它的肝脏会致死。《史记》记载:秦穆公丢失了马,野人得到并吃掉了它们,共有三百多人。官吏想依法惩处他们,秦穆公说:“君子不因为牲畜而害人。我听说吃马肉的人不喝酒会伤身。”于是都赐给他们酒并赦免了他们。近来见到葛生吃马肉致病极重,医生教他用酒煮盐饮用,于是痊愈。那么酒可以解马毒。另外周密在《癸辛杂志》中说马肝剧毒,人们想吃它时,用芍药根同煮就没有毒性了。或者误食的,用浓煎的芍药汁饮用,可以制约其毒性。
Zi Hezi, in *Shi Xing San Liao* (Ten Forms and Three Therapies), recorded: Dai Ren treated the wife of Magistrate Wang for a condition characterized by **chest and diaphragm** discomfort. Dai Ren administered a **phlegm-resolving emetic**, from which the patient vomited a snow-white worm, approximately five or six *cun* long, possessing mouth, nose, and teeth, moving within the saliva. The patient, in anger, cut it in half, revealing a single strand of white hair inside.
I consulted historical records: during the Yonghui era, a monk suffered from **yige** (dysphagia/choking sensation); upon opening his abdomen, an object resembling a fish was expelled, which is referred to as a "living mass" (*sheng jia*). In the early Jiajing era, the wife of Zou Biao from Changzhou suffered from a lump on the lower left side of her **abdomen**, shaped like a plum or walnut. After a long time, she vomited it out. Initially, it appeared ulcerated like rice gruel residue; later, it resembled clam meat. When pinched open with fingers, several strands of long hair were found inside. Famous physicians ultimately failed to cure her, leading to her death. I have encountered cases of masses containing snake hair, etc., often recorded in medical texts. This may occasionally arise from food interactions, utilizing blood formation; theoretically, this might exist, and it cannot be dismissed as absurd.
In the spring of the Jiwei year of Hongzhi, a neighbor died after consuming **pufferfish** eggs. Those who ate with him urgently drank foul juice; although they remained unharmed, it took several days for them to recover. It is said that there are three types of this fish that should not be eaten: those with red eyes, those with gray spots on the back, and those with swallow-tail fins. If prepared properly, the rest can be eaten but may trigger chronic diseases. Eating the liver undercooked causes numbness on the skin; eating the meat undercooked causes abdominal distension; eating its eyes causes sourness. Only people from Jiangyin enjoy eating pufferfish eggs; they bury them in the ground for two or three nights, then boil them for a full day with red yeast rice. If the color turns bright red, it is edible; otherwise, consumption leads to death. Those poisoned can use juice from **olive** and **reed rhizome** to detoxify; applying earth slurry also works.
The wife of Liu Wenjie, near her delivery date, accidentally consumed **spotted fish**. That night, her limbs became cold (**sijue**), her chest felt full, her abdomen bloated, qi was obstructed, phlegm surged, breathing was irregular, and after a moment, she screamed and died in agitation. Alas! The spotted fish is less than three *cun* long, yet its shape resembles the pufferfish. Pregnant women should avoid eating it. *Bencao* states that pufferfish is non-toxic; thus, how toxic must the spotted fish be, let alone the pufferfish? I do not fully trust the statements in *Bencao*.
Xi Shangfu discussed: Meat from donkeys or horses that died naturally is poisonous to humans if eaten, especially their livers. Medical books state that horses are "fire animals," possessing a liver but no gallbladder, and lacking sufficient **five zang organs**; therefore, eating their liver causes death. *Records of the Grand Historian* recounts: Duke Mu of Qin lost his horses; wild men caught and ate them, totaling over 300 people. Officials wanted to punish them according to law, but Duke Mu said, "A gentleman does not harm people because of livestock. I hear that those who eat horse meat suffer injury if they do not drink wine." He then gave them all wine and pardoned them. Recently, I saw Ge Sheng become severely ill after eating horse meat. A physician instructed him to drink salt dissolved in boiled wine, which cured him. Thus, wine can detoxify horse meat. Additionally, Zhou Mi in *Guixin Zazhi* stated that horse liver is extremely toxic; however, if one wishes to eat it, boiling it with **peony root** renders it non-toxic. If accidentally ingested, drinking concentrated decoction of peony root can counteract the toxicity.