动则厥厥动摇，滑数如珠，见于关上。凡浮大浮数，皆属动类。不似滑脉之诸部皆见滑数流利
也。（语出张璐。又濒湖诗曰∶动脉摇摇数在关，无头无尾豆形团；其原
本是阴阳搏，虚者摇兮胜者安。）动为阴阳相搏之候。（王宇泰曰∶阳升阴降，二者交通，安有动见。惟夫阳
欲降而阴逆之，阴欲升而阳逆之，两者相搏，不得上下，鼓击之势，陇然高起，而动脉之形着矣。此言
不啻与动脉传神。）如动在于阳，则有汗出为痛为惊之症；动在于阴，则有发热失血之症；动兼滑数浮大，则
为邪气相搏而热宜除。至于阳虚自汗而见动寸，阴虚发热而见动尺，与女人动尺而云有孕，皆不宜作热治矣。
（仲景曰∶动则为痛为惊。素问曰∶阴虚阳搏谓之崩。又曰∶妇人手少阴心动甚者，妊子也。）
伏则匿于筋下，轻取不得，重按涩难，委曲求之，或三部皆伏，一部独伏，附着于骨而始得。凡沉
微细短，皆属伏类。不似短脉之尺寸短缩而中部显然，沉脉之三部皆沉而按之即得也。（语出张璐。又濒湖体
状诗曰∶伏脉推筋着骨寻，指间裁动隐然深，伤寒欲汗阳将解，厥逆脐疼证属阴。）
伏为阻隔闭塞之候。或火闭而伏，寒闭而伏，气闭而伏。其症或见痛极疝瘕，闭结气逆，食滞忿怒，厥逆水
气。仍须详其所因，分其为寒为火，是气是痰，是新是旧，而甄别之。盖有火者升火为先，有寒者疏寒为急，
有气者调气为顺，有痰者开痰为妥。新则止属暴闭，可以疏通；久则恐其延绵，防其渐脱。岂可一见脉伏。而
即妄用疏导乎。（时珍曰∶伤寒一手脉伏曰单伏，两手脉伏曰双伏，不可以阳症见阴为诊。乃火邪内郁，不得
发越，阳极似阴，故脉伏，必有大汗乃解。正如久旱将雨，六合阴晦，雨后庶物皆苏之义。又有夹阴伤
寒，先有伏阴在内，外复感寒，阴盛阳衰，四脉厥逆，六脉沉伏，须投姜附及灸关元，脉乃复出也。若太溪冲
阳皆无脉者死。）
动脉表现为脉搏厥厥然动摇不定，滑利且数，如珠滚动，出现在关部。凡是脉象浮大或浮数的，都属于动脉的范畴。这与滑脉在寸、关、尺各部都呈现滑利流畅的特点不同。（这段话出自张璐。另外李时珍的诗写道：动脉摇摇，数脉见于关部，无头无尾，形状如豆；其本源是阴阳二气相搏，虚的一方动摇，胜的一方安定。）动脉是阴阳二气相互搏击的征候。（王宇泰说：阳气上升，阴气下降，二者交通顺畅，怎么会有动脉出现？只有当阳气欲降而阴气逆之，阴气欲升而阳气逆之，两者相互搏击，无法上下流通，形成鼓击之势，高高隆起，于是动脉的形态就显现了。这番话简直把动脉的神韵描绘得淋漓尽致。）如果动脉出现在阳位（寸部），则会出现汗出、疼痛、惊悸等症状；如果动脉出现在阴位（尺部），则会出现发热、失血等症状；如果动脉兼见滑、数、浮、大，则是邪气相互搏击所致，热邪应当清除。至于阳虚导致自汗而在寸部见到动脉，阴虚导致发热而在尺部见到动脉，以及妇女在尺部见到动脉而说是怀孕，这些都不宜当作热证来治疗。（张仲景说：动脉主痛、主惊。《素问》说：阴虚而阳脉搏击有力称为崩漏。又说：妇女手少阴心经脉动明显，是怀孕的征兆。）
伏脉潜伏于筋下，轻取摸不到，重按感觉涩滞困难，需要曲折仔细探寻，有时三部脉都伏，有时一部脉独伏，必须附着在骨头上才能触及。凡是脉象沉、微、细、短，都属于伏脉的范畴。这与短脉在寸尺两部短缩而中部明显的特点不同，也与沉脉三部皆沉但重按即得的特点不同。（这段话出自张璐。另外李时珍的体状诗写道：伏脉需推筋着骨寻找，指间触动感觉隐然深藏，伤寒欲出汗阳气将解时可见，厥逆脐疼证属阴寒。）伏脉是阻隔闭塞的征候。可能是火邪闭阻而致伏，寒邪闭阻而致伏，气机闭阻而致伏。其症状可能表现为剧痛、疝气、瘕块，二便闭结、气逆，食积停滞、愤怒，厥逆、水气病等。仍然需要详细查明病因，分辨是寒是火，是气是痰，是新病还是久病，从而加以甄别。如果有火邪，以清升火邪为先；有寒邪，以疏散寒邪为急；有气滞，以调理气机为顺；有痰浊，以化痰开结为妥。新病多属暴发性闭塞，可以用疏通的方法；久病恐怕会绵延难愈，要防止正气逐渐脱失。怎么能一看到脉伏，就妄用疏导之法呢？（李时珍说：伤寒病一只手脉伏称为单伏，两只手脉伏称为双伏，不能因为阳证见到阴脉就诊断为阴证。这是火邪内郁，不得发散，阳极似阴，所以脉伏，必定要大汗出才能解除。这正如久旱将雨，天地昏暗，雨后万物复苏的道理一样。又有夹阴伤寒，先有伏阴在内，外面又感受寒邪，阴盛阳衰，四肢厥逆，六脉沉伏，必须投用姜、附子并灸关元穴，脉才会复出。如果太溪、冲阳两处的脉搏都没有，就是死证。）
Artery (Dong Mai) manifests as a pulsation that trembles and moves restlessly, smooth and rapid like rolling pearls, appearing at the Guan position. Any pulse that is floating and large or floating and rapid belongs to the category of Artery. It differs from Slippery Pulse (Hua Mai), which presents as smooth, rapid, and fluent in all positions (Cun, Guan, Chi). (This passage is from Zhang Lu. Additionally, Li Shizhen's poem states: "The Artery trembles, the rapidity is at the Guan; without head or tail, it forms a bean-like cluster; its origin lies in the struggle between Yin and Yang; the deficient side trembles, while the victorious side remains stable.") The Artery is a sign of the mutual struggle between Yin and Yang. (Wang Yutai said: "Yang ascends and Yin descends; when these two communicate smoothly, how can an Artery appear? Only when Yang desires to descend but Yin opposes it, and Yin desires to ascend but Yang opposes it, do they struggle with each other, unable to move up or down. This drumming force causes a high prominence, thereby revealing the form of the Artery." This statement vividly captures the essence of the Artery.) If the Artery appears in the Yang position (Cun), symptoms such as sweating, pain, and palpitations/fright may occur; if it appears in the Yin position (Chi), symptoms such as fever and hemorrhage may occur; if the Artery is accompanied by smoothness, rapidity, floating, and largeness, it indicates a struggle between pathogenic factors and heat, which should be cleared. However, spontaneous sweating due to Yang deficiency with an Artery at the Cun position, fever due to Yin deficiency with an Artery at the Chi position, and pregnancy indicated by an Artery at the Chi position in women, should not be treated as Heat syndromes. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: "The Artery indicates pain and fright." *Su Wen* states: "Yin deficiency with vigorous Yang pulsation is called Bang [uterine bleeding]." It also states: "When the Heart-Shaoyin pulse is markedly active in women, it indicates pregnancy.")
Deep Pulse (Fu Mai) hides beneath the tendons; it cannot be felt with light pressure, feels rough and difficult under heavy pressure, and requires careful, curved searching. Sometimes all three positions are Deep, sometimes only one position is Deep; it must be pressed against the bone to be detected. Any pulse that is sinking, minute, thin, or short belongs to the category of Deep Pulse. It differs from Short Pulse (Duan Mai), which is shortened at the Cun and Chi positions but distinct in the middle, and from Sinking Pulse (Chen Mai), where all three positions are sinking but readily felt upon pressing. (This passage is from Zhang Lu. Additionally, Li Shizhen's descriptive poem states: "Search for the Deep Pulse by pushing the tendons to the bone; faint movement is felt deep within the fingers. In cold damage, when sweat is desired and Yang is about to resolve, or in cold-induced reversal with umbilical pain, the syndrome belongs to Yin.") The Deep Pulse is a sign of obstruction and blockage. It may result from blockage by Fire, blockage by Cold, or blockage by Qi stagnation. Symptoms may include extreme pain, hernia, and masses; constipation and rebellious Qi; food retention and anger; cold reversal and fluid retention. One must carefully investigate the cause, distinguishing between Cold and Fire, Qi and Phlegm, and new versus old conditions, to differentiate them accurately. If there is Fire, clearing and descending Fire is the priority; if there is Cold, dispersing Cold is urgent; if there is Qi stagnation, regulating Qi is appropriate; if there is Phlegm, resolving Phlegm is suitable. New conditions usually involve acute blockage and can be treated with unblocking methods; chronic conditions may linger, so one must guard against gradual depletion of Zheng Qi. How can one blindly use unblocking methods merely upon observing a Deep Pulse? (Li Shizhen stated: "In cold damage, a Deep pulse in one hand is called Single Deep; in both hands, Double Deep. One should not diagnose based on the presence of Yin pulses in Yang syndromes. This occurs when Fire pathogen is internally constrained and cannot vent out; extreme Yang resembles Yin, hence the pulse is Deep. Resolution comes through profuse sweating, similar to the sky darkening before rain after a long drought, followed by the revival of all things. There is also 'Cold Damage with Clamped Yin,' where latent Yin exists internally, compounded by external Cold contraction. With excess Yin and deficient Yang, four limbs experience cold reversal, and six pulses are sinking and Deep. Ginger and Aconite decoctions along with moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV4) are required for the pulse to reappear. If pulses at Taixi (KI3) and Chongyang (ST42) are absent, death ensues.")