重乎按之如欲绝。若有若无极其微。微属阴阳虚弱候。（惟阴阳皆虚。故其脉见若有若无之象。而名之曰微。）恶寒
发热汗霏霏。（阳虚则生寒。阴虚则生热。阳不外固。阴不内守则多汗。）寸微衄血惊兼喘。关主中寒拘急泥。（气血虚则
中寒寒则心下拘急。拘急不宽娇也。）尺中厥逆元阳损。（阳火生于阴精。阴精虚则阳火弱。阳火弱则手足寒。而为厥。
阴阳不交气上冲而为逆也。）女子崩中带下亏。
脉以重乱辨者曰沉。重按始得。其以沉辨者曰伏。重按之着骨乃得。凡二脉。
沉（内经谓之石、又谓之营。）牢（牢即沉脉。长大弦而有力者。主寒主痛。与沉同。今附于此。）
按始有则为沉。（沉。冬脉也。春夏秋见之。则病脉也。然在冬。其气来沉以搏。则为平脉。若来如弹石者。此谓太
过。其去如数者。此谓不及。亦病脉也。）寸沉胸胁痛。水气膈间停。若居关与尺。腹背及腰疼。（沉主阴。阴盛则克伐
元气。故三部得沉者。皆主痛。宜温之。有水气者。宜利之。）沉缓寒湿沉数热。沉滑当知痰食真。沉如无力。气虚甚明。
（沉有力为实邪。故主寒主积。沉无力。则气虚也。）崔紫虚四言举要云。沉牢痼冷。沉实热极愚按牢脉沉而长大有力。
实脉沉卧。亦长火有力。同一沉卧长大有丸何以辨其为痼冷热极手。
脉象重按之时，感觉脉搏似乎要断绝。若有若无，极其微弱。微脉属于阴阳虚弱的征候。（因为阴阳都虚弱，所以脉象呈现出若有若无的样子，因此命名为微脉。）伴有恶寒、发热、汗出淋漓不止。（阳气虚则产生寒象，阴气虚则产生热象。阳气不能在外固护，阴气不能在内守持，所以容易多汗。）寸口脉微，会出现鼻出血、惊悸兼有气喘。关部脉微，主中焦受寒，导致拘急僵硬（气血虚弱则中焦受寒，寒气使心下部位拘急，拘急而不舒展）。尺部脉微，出现四肢厥冷，是元阳受损的表现。（阳气之火生于阴精之中，阴精虚弱则阳气之火衰弱，阳气之火衰弱则手足寒冷，从而形成厥证。阴阳之气不相交通，气机上冲而形成逆乱。）女性患者会出现崩漏、带下等亏损症状。
通过重按来辨别并称为“沉”的脉象，是指重按才能触及。根据沉脉进一步辨别的称为“伏”，是指重按至骨方能触及。凡是这两种脉象……
沉脉（《内经》称之为石脉，又称之为营脉。）牢脉（牢脉即沉脉的一种，特点是脉形长大、弦硬且有力，主寒证和痛证，与沉脉性质相同，现附于此。）重按始能触及的为沉脉。（沉脉对应冬季的脉象。如果在春、夏、秋三季出现，则是病脉。然而如果在冬季，其脉气来时沉而搏指，则为平脉；如果来时像弹石一样坚硬，这叫做太过；如果去时急促，这叫做不及，也是病脉。）寸口脉沉，主胸胁疼痛，是水气停滞在膈间所致。如果出现在关部和尺部，主腹部、背部及腰部疼痛。（沉脉主阴证，阴气盛则会克伐元气，所以三部脉见到沉脉，都主疼痛，适宜用温法治疗；如果有水气停留的，适宜用利水法治疗。）沉缓脉主寒湿，沉数脉主热证，沉滑脉应当知道是痰食内停。沉脉如果无力，说明气虚非常明显。（沉脉有力为实邪，所以主寒证和积滞；沉脉无力，则是气虚。）崔紫虚在《四言举要》中说：沉牢脉主久治不愈的冷证。沉实脉主热极。我按察认为：牢脉沉取而长大有力，实脉沉取也长大有劲。同样是沉取、长大、有力，为什么能辨别出一个是痼冷，一个是热极呢？
When pressed heavily, the pulse feels as if it is about to cease. It seems to be there and not there, extremely minute. The Minute pulse (Wei Mai) belongs to the category of Yin and Yang deficiency syndromes. (Because both Yin and Yang are deficient, the pulse presents a seemingly present yet absent appearance, hence named "Minute".) It is accompanied by aversion to cold, fever, and profuse sweating. (Yang deficiency generates cold; Yin deficiency generates heat. If Yang fails to secure the exterior and Yin fails to guard the interior, excessive sweating occurs.) A Minute pulse at the Cun position indicates epistaxis, palpitations, and wheezing. A Minute pulse at the Guan position indicates middle jiao coldness leading to stiffness and spasm. (Deficiency of Qi and Blood leads to middle jiao coldness; cold causes constriction in the epigastric region, resulting in tightness and lack of relaxation.) A Minute pulse at the Chi position indicates cold extremities (Jue Ni), signifying damage to Yuan Yang. (Yang fire originates from Yin essence; when Yin essence is deficient, Yang fire becomes weak. Weak Yang fire leads to cold hands and feet, forming Jue syndrome. When Yin and Yang fail to interact, Qi rushes upward, causing rebellion.) In women, it indicates depletion due to metrorrhagia and leukorrhea.
The pulse distinguished by heavy pressure is called Deep (Chen). It is only felt upon heavy pressing. Distinguished further from Deep is Hidden (Fu), which is only felt when pressing down to the bone. Regarding these two pulses...
Deep pulse (referred to as Stone pulse or Ying pulse in the *Nei Jing*.) Firm pulse (Lao Mai): The Firm pulse is a type of Deep pulse, characterized by being long, large, wiry, and forceful. It indicates Cold and Pain, sharing similarities with the Deep pulse; it is attached here for reference. Pulses felt only upon pressing are Deep. (The Deep pulse corresponds to Winter. Its appearance in Spring, Summer, or Autumn indicates disease. However, in Winter, if the Qi arrives deep and striking, it is a normal pulse. If it arrives hard like a bouncing stone, this is termed Excess (Tai Guo); if it departs rapidly, this is termed Deficiency (Bu Ji), both indicating disease.) Deep pulse at the Cun position indicates chest and hypochondriac pain, caused by fluid retention in the diaphragm. If found at the Guan and Chi positions, it indicates abdominal, back, and lower back pain. (Deep pulse indicates Yin syndromes; excess Yin attacks vital Qi. Therefore, Deep pulses in all three positions indicate pain, suitable for warming treatment; if fluid retention is present, draining treatment is suitable.) Deep and slow indicates Cold-Damp; Deep and rapid indicates Heat; Deep and slippery indicates Phlegm and Food Stagnation. A Deep pulse that is forceless clearly indicates severe Qi deficiency. (A Deep pulse with force indicates pathogenic Excess, thus indicating Cold and accumulation; a Deep pulse without force indicates Qi deficiency.) Cui Zixu stated in *Si Yan Ju Yao*: Deep and Firm pulses indicate entrenched Cold. Deep and Real pulses indicate extreme Heat. Upon examination: The Firm pulse is Deep, long, large, and forceful upon pressing; the Real pulse is also Deep, lying flat, long, large, and forceful. Both are Deep, long, large, and forceful; how can one distinguish between entrenched Cold and extreme Heat?