气寒，味苦带甘，气薄味浓，降也，阴也。入手厥阴胞络及足厥阴肝经药也。润大肠血
燥难便，去小腹血凝成块。多用逐瘀血而止痛，少用生新血而通经。盖多则苦胜，破滞气也。
少则甘夺，生新血也。然惟实症可用，若遇血枯之症，必须以滋血补血之药为主，再以此剂
佐之，自是其濡润而无闭结之患矣。孕妇所禁。
气寒，味甘咸，无毒。可升可降，阴也。诸血家之要药也。与川芎同用，则散头目之血
热。与红花同用，则治产后之血瘀。与皂荚刺同用，则逐痈肿之血死。与四物汤同用，则滋
骨蒸之血枯。要之热去则血凉，瘀除则血新，死逐则血活，枯滋则血润。
气寒，味苦，无毒。其色紫，故能行血。其味苦，故能通窍利水。其气寒，故能治肿毒
痈疽。与大力子同用，善快痘疮未发。与淫羊藿同用，能起痘疮已快。攻血泡，佐以红花。
消水泡，并以茯苓。同川芎赤芍入青葙子，能医眼目之赤障。用翘连荆防兼皂荚刺，善消痈
疽之红肿。大都血家药也，无问麻痘症，无论痈疽病，无问男女杂症，但见血紫血热，及热
毒深者，俱宜用之。但泻痢则忌。糯米监制无妨。
气寒，味苦，无毒，阴中微阳也。疗中多蛊毒，治跌扑损伤。吐下血如烂肝，凝积血成
瘀块。虚热崩漏不止，劳伤吐衄时来。室女经滞不行，妇人产后血晕，治之皆愈。大都皆血
家药也，故血滞者能行之，血死者能活之，痘家红紫干枯者，用之于活血药中甚妙，外症疮
疖痈肿者，用之于排脓药中立效。其曰除乳结为痈者何？盖乳者，血之所为也，用此剂以行
之，则血行而痈自散矣。
桃仁：气味寒，味道苦中带甘，气薄味浓，属性为降、为阴。是入入手厥阴心包络（即胞络）及足厥阴肝经的药物。能润燥大肠以缓解因血燥导致的大便困难，消除小腹部因血凝而成的肿块。多用可逐除瘀血而止痛，少用可生成新血而通调月经。大概是因为用量多时苦味胜，能破滞气；用量少时甘味占优，能生新血。然而只有实证可以使用，如果遇到血枯的病症，必须以滋血补血的药物为主，再以此药作为辅助，自然就能濡润而不产生闭结的祸患了。孕妇禁用。
茜草：气味寒，味道甘咸，无毒。既可升又可降，属性为阴。是治疗各种血证的重要药物。与川芎同用，能疏散头目的血热。与红花同用，能治疗产后血瘀。与皂荚刺同用，能驱逐痈肿中的死血。与四物汤同用，能滋养骨蒸劳热导致的血枯。总之，热去则血凉，瘀除则血新，死血逐出则活血运行，血枯得滋则血液滋润。
紫草：气味寒，味道苦，无毒。其色紫，所以能行血。其味苦，所以能通窍利水。其气寒，所以能治疗肿毒痈疽。与牛蒡子（大力子）同用，善于缓解痘疮未发时的症状。与淫羊藿同用，能促进已出的痘疮透发。攻治血泡，需佐以红花。消除水泡，配合茯苓使用。与川芎、赤芍、青葙子同入方中，能医治眼目赤障。用连翘、黄连、荆芥、防风并加皂荚刺，善于消除痈疽的红肿。大抵都是血分药，无论麻风痘疹之症，还是痈疽疾病，也不问男女杂症，只要见到血色紫暗、血热，以及热毒深重的情况，都适宜使用。但泻痢症则忌用。用糯米监制则无妨。
丹参：气味寒，味道苦，无毒，属于阴中微阳。能疗治多种蛊毒，治疗跌打损伤。对于吐血下血如烂肝状，或凝血积成瘀块的情况有效。对于虚热引起的崩漏不止，劳伤引起的吐血衄血反复发作，也能治疗。室女月经阻滞不行，妇人产后血晕，治疗都能痊愈。大抵都是血分药，所以血滞者能行散它，血死者能活化它。痘家出现红紫干枯症状的，将其用于活血药中非常巧妙；外科疮疖痈肿的，将其用于排脓药中立竿见影。为什么说它能消除乳房结块变成痈肿呢？因为乳房是由血构成的，使用此药来行血，则血行而痈自散了。
Tao Ren (Persicae Semen): Its nature is cold, and its taste is bitter with a hint of sweet. Its qi is thin and its flavor is strong; it has a descending and yin property. It enters the Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin (also known as Bao Luo) and the Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin. It moistens the large intestine to relieve constipation caused by blood dryness, and eliminates masses formed by blood stasis in the lower abdomen. In larger doses, it expels blood stasis to alleviate pain; in smaller doses, it generates new blood to unblock menstruation. Generally, a large dose makes the bitter flavor predominant, breaking stagnant qi; a small dose allows the sweet flavor to prevail, generating new blood. However, it is only suitable for excess syndromes. If encountering a syndrome of blood depletion, one must prioritize herbs that nourish and tonify blood, using this herb as an adjunct. This will naturally provide moisture without causing obstruction. It is contraindicated for pregnant women.
Qian Cao (Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma): Its nature is cold, and its taste is sweet and salty, non-toxic. It can ascend and descend, and is of yin nature. It is a key herb for treating various blood disorders. When used with Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), it disperses blood heat in the head and eyes. When used with Hong Hua (Carthami Flos), it treats postpartum blood stasis. When used with Zao Jia Ci (Gleditsiae Spina), it expels dead blood from carbuncles and swellings. When used with Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction), it nourishes blood depletion caused by bone-steaming consumption. In summary, when heat is removed, blood cools; when stasis is eliminated, blood becomes fresh; when dead blood is expelled, living blood circulates; when blood depletion is nourished, blood becomes moist.
Zi Cao (Arnebiae Radix seu Cortex): Its nature is cold, and its taste is bitter, non-toxic. Its purple color enables it to promote blood circulation. Its bitter taste allows it to open orifices and promote urination. Its cold nature enables it to treat toxic swellings and carbuncles. When used with Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), it effectively alleviates symptoms before the eruption of smallpox/variolous eruptions. When used with Yin Yang Huo (Epimedii Folium), it promotes the eruption of already appearing variolous eruptions. To treat blood blisters, add Hong Hua (Carthami Flos). To eliminate watery blisters, combine with Fu Ling (Poria). Combined with Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), and Qing Xiang Zi (Veronici Semen), it treats red obstructions of the eyes. Used with Qiao (Scutellariae Barbatae Herba or Forsythiae Fructus depending on context, here likely Scutellaria/Forsythia mix for heat), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Zao Jia Ci (Gleditsiae Spina), it effectively reduces redness and swelling of carbuncles. Broadly speaking, these are blood-invigorating herbs. Regardless of whether the condition is related to measles/smallpox or carbuncles, and regardless of gender, if there is purple blood, blood heat, or deep-seated heat toxicity, they are all suitable. However, they are contraindicated in diarrhea and dysentery. Processing with glutinous rice mitigates any adverse effects.
Dan Shen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma): Its nature is cold, and its taste is bitter, non-toxic. It belongs to yin with slight yang properties. It treats various gu poisons and injuries from falls and blows. It is effective for vomiting and defecating blood resembling rotten liver, or for clotted blood forming stasis masses. It treats continuous metrorrhagia due to deficiency-heat, and recurrent hematemesis and epistaxis due to劳伤 (labor injury/overwork). It resolves menstrual stagnation in unmarried women and postpartum syncope due to blood disorder in married women, leading to recovery in all cases. Broadly, these are blood-invigorating herbs; thus, they can move stagnant blood and revive dead blood. For patients with smallpox/variolous eruptions presenting with red, purple, dry, and withered signs, adding them to blood-invigorating formulas is highly effective. For external sores, boils, and carbuncles, incorporating them into pus-draining formulas yields immediate results. Why does it say it removes breast nodules that turn into carbuncles? Because the breasts are formed by blood; using this herb to invigorate blood causes the blood to circulate, and the carbuncle dissipates spontaneously.