气寒，味甘，无毒。其色赤，赤象心，心主血，故能镇养心神，通调血脉。除中恶腹痛，
扫疥 疮疡。止渴除烦，安魂定魄。和大枫子研末，则杀疮虫。佐条黄芩为丸，则绝胎孕。
气寒，味甘咸，无毒。主治小儿惊痫夜啼，大人眼目赤肿。同荆芥能除风热，入姜蚕又
却风痰。用于发散药中，能清肌表之热。用于解毒药中，能除脏腑之火。痈疽外肿者，同麻
黄以散之。痘疮未实者，同麻黄以疏之。
气寒，味苦，无毒。沉也，阴之阴也。主治痈肿，杀疥虫，消热毒。破症瘕、散结滞。
养肝气安五脏，定诸志。同菊花明目，止泪益精。同麦冬解渴，生津利窍。赤癞眉脱者，君
诸药驱风甚捷。黄胆遗溺者，主利药逐水立效。同槐花除肠风下血，及热痢刮痛难当。同茵
陈疗湿病狂言，致心燥结胸垂死。少入麻黄，能扫遍身痒疹。佐以山栀，能止卒暴心疼。使
玄参，反藜芦，恶贝母、菟丝。
气平寒，味苦，无毒。主心腹结气，治伤寒寒热。消风止头疼，保婴利疳气。使半夏，
去胸膈痰实。君枳实，除胸膈痞满。痘家解毒用之，取其气寒，以平胸中无形之热毒。取其
味苦，以泄胸中有形之痰实。盖热平则毒消，实泄则痰清，此分气味而言之也。总则痰固火
生，火动痰行，此又不可不知。畏藜芦，恶皂荚。
【辰砂】
药性气寒，味甘，无毒。其颜色为赤色，赤色对应心脏，心主司血液，因此能够镇守滋养心神，疏通调理血脉。可治疗中恶邪所致的腹痛，清除疥疮和痈疡。能止渴除烦，安定魂魄。与大风子研磨成末，则能杀灭疮疡中的虫毒。配合黄芩制成丸剂，则能避孕绝育。
【前胡】
药性气寒，味兼甘、咸，无毒。主要治疗小儿惊风癫痫及夜间啼哭，以及成人眼目红肿。与荆芥同用能祛除风热，加入姜蚕（天南星与僵蚕）又能消除风痰。若用于发散类药物中，能清解肌表的热邪；若用于解毒类药物中，能清除脏腑的火邪。对于痈疽外部肿胀者，与麻黄同用以发散之；对于痘疮尚未充实者，与麻黄同用以疏泄之。
【黄连】
药性气寒，味苦，无毒。质地下沉，属于阴中之阴。主要治疗痈肿，杀灭疥虫，消除热毒。能破除症瘕积聚，消散结滞。能养护肝气，安定五脏，定志安神。与菊花同用能明目，止泪并增益精气。与麦冬同用能解渴，生津液并通利窍道。对于患赤癞病眉毛脱落者，作为君药配合其他药物驱风，效果迅速。对于黄疸且遗尿者，作为主药配合利水药物逐水，立见成效。与槐花同用能治疗肠风下血，以及因热痢引起的剧烈刮痛。与茵陈同用能治疗湿病导致的胡言乱语，致使心燥、结胸濒临死亡之症。少量加入麻黄中，能扫遍全身瘙痒疹块。佐以山栀，能制止突发暴烈的心痛。配伍玄参，与藜芦相反，忌与贝母、菟丝子同用。
【柴胡】
药性气平而寒，味苦，无毒。主要治疗心腹部的结聚之气，治疗伤寒引起的寒热往来。能消风止头痛，保护婴儿，利于疳积的治疗。使半夏，能去除胸膈间的痰实阻滞。作为君药配合枳实，能消除胸膈的痞满感。痘科医生解毒时使用它，是取其气寒的特性，来平抑胸中无形的热毒；取其味苦的特性，来泄降胸中有形的痰实。大概热势平息则毒邪消退，实邪泄降则痰浊清除，这是从气味角度来分析的。总之，痰固结则火生，火动则痰行，这一点又是不可不知的。畏藜芦，忌皂荚。
[Chen Sha (Cinnabar)]
The nature is cold, the flavor is sweet, and it is non-toxic. Its color is red; red corresponds to the Heart, and the Heart governs blood. Therefore, it can anchor and nourish the Shen (Spirit), and unblock and regulate the blood vessels. It treats abdominal pain caused by sudden evil qi invasion, and clears scabies, sores, and ulcers. It stops thirst, removes irritability, and calms the soul and魄 (Ethereal Soul). When ground into powder with Semend Feronis Indicae (Big Wind Seed), it kills parasites in sores. When combined with Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) to make pills, it prevents conception.
[Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix)]
The nature is cold, the flavors are sweet and salty, and it is non-toxic. It mainly treats pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, and night crying, as well as redness and swelling of the eyes in adults. Combined with Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), it dispels wind-heat; added with Jiangcan (Arisaematis Cum Bile et Bombyx Batryticatus), it eliminates wind-phlegm. When used in dispersing formulas, it clears heat from the muscle and surface; when used in detoxifying formulas, it clears fire from the Zang-Fu organs. For external swelling of carbuncles and sores, it is used with Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) to disperse it; for chickenpox lesions that are not yet filled, it is used with Mahuang to vent them.
[Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma)]
The nature is cold, the flavor is bitter, and it is non-toxic. It sinks and belongs to Yin within Yin. It mainly treats carbuncles and swellings, kills scabies parasites, and eliminates toxic heat. It breaks up masses and accumulations (Zheng Jia), and dissipates stagnation. It nourishes Liver Qi, calms the Five Viscera, and stabilizes willpower. Combined with Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos), it brightens the eyes, stops tearing, and benefits essence. Combined with Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), it relieves thirst, generates fluids, and opens orifices. For those suffering from erysipelas with eyebrow loss, acting as the Sovereign herb among others to expel wind yields rapid results. For jaundice accompanied by enuresis, acting as the Principal herb with diuretics to drain water yields immediate effects. Combined with Huaihua (Sophorae Flos), it treats intestinal wind with bloody stool, and severe scraping pain due to dysentery with heat. Combined with Yinchin (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), it treats delirious speech caused by dampness disease, leading to heart dryness, chest binding, and impending death. A small amount added to Mahuang sweeps away generalized body itching and rashes. Assisted by Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), it stops sudden violent heart pain. Paired with Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), it is contrary to Libu (Veratri Radix), and is incompatible with Mubei (Fritillariae Bulbus) and Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen).
[Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix)]
The nature is neutral and cold, the flavor is bitter, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats Qi knotting in the heart and abdomen, and treats chills and fever caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage). It dissipates wind, stops headaches, protects infants, and benefits Gan Qi (childhood malnutrition syndrome). With Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), it removes phlegm-solidity in the chest and diaphragm. As the Sovereign herb with Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), it eliminates fullness and stuffiness in the chest and diaphragm. In treating pox, it is used for detoxification, taking advantage of its cold nature to pacify formless toxic heat in the chest, and its bitter flavor to drain有形 (form) phlegm-solidity in the chest. Generally, when heat is pacified, toxins are eliminated; when solidity is drained, phlegm is cleared. This is an analysis based on nature and flavor. In summary, when phlegm is fixed, fire arises; when fire moves, phlegm travels. This is another point that must be known. It fears Libu (Veratri Radix) and is incompatible with Zaojia (Gleditsiae Spina).