发汗病{不}解，反恶寒者，虚故也，芍药甘草附子汤主之。
【按】“发汗病不解”之“不”字，衍文也。发汗病不解，则当恶寒，何谓反恶寒？病解恶寒，始可谓虚。
当删之。
病发热头痛，脉反沉，若不瘥，身体疼痛，（下利清谷），当温其里，宜四逆汤。
【按】“身体疼痛”之下，当有“下利清谷”四字。若无此四字，则当温其里之文，竟无着落矣，未有表病
而温里之理也。阅后太阴篇中云∶伤寒医下之，续得不利清谷不止，身痛者，急当救里，四逆汤。其义益明，
遵经补之。
伤寒，（若汗）、若吐、若下后，七八日不解，热结在里，表里俱热，时{时}（汗）恶风，大渴，舌上干
燥而烦，欲饮水数升者，白虎加人参汤主之。
【按】“伤寒”之下，当有“若汗”二字，盖汗较吐下伤津液为多也。“时时恶风”，当是“时汗恶风”，
若非“汗”字，则时时恶风是表不解，白虎汤在所禁也。论中谓发热无汗，表不解者，不可与白虎汤。渴欲饮
水，无表证者，白虎加人参汤主之。细玩经文自知，当补之改之。
发汗已，脉浮数，（小便不利），烦渴者，五苓散主之。
【按】“脉浮数”之下，当有“小便不利”四字，若无此四字，则为阳明内热口燥之烦渴，是白虎汤证也。
惟其小便不利而烦渴，斯为太阳水热瘀结之烦渴，始属五苓散证。若非小便不利而用五苓散，则犯重竭津液之
禁矣。况太阳上编类此证者数条，惟水入即吐一条，乃水不下行，故无小便不利之文，余皆有“小便不利”四
字。今此四字，必是传写之遗，当补之。
服桂枝汤，或下之，仍头项强痛，翕翕发热，无汗，心下满微痛，小便不利者，桂枝汤去{桂}〔芍药〕
加茯苓白术汤主之。
【按】去桂当是去芍药。此方去桂，将何以治仍头项痛，发热无汗之表乎？细玩其服此汤，曰余根据桂枝汤
法煎服，其义自见。服
桂枝汤已，温覆令一时许，通身 微似有汗，此服桂枝汤法也。若去桂则是白芍、甘草、茯苓、白术，并无
辛甘走营卫之品，而曰∶余根据桂枝汤法，无所谓也。且论中脉促胸满、汗出恶寒者，用桂枝去芍药加附子汤主
之，去芍药者，为胸满者，今证虽稍异，而满则同，其为去芍药可知，当改之。
伤寒，医以丸药大下之，身热不去，微烦者，栀子{干姜}〔豉〕汤主之。
伤寒五六日大下之后，身热不去，心中结痛者，未欲解也。栀子{豉}〔干姜〕汤主之。
【按】栀子干姜汤，当是栀子豉汤；栀子豉汤，当是栀子干姜汤。断无烦热用干姜，结痛用香豉之理，当移之。
太阳病，脉浮紧，无汗，发热，身疼痛，八九日不解，表证仍在，此当发其汗，（麻黄汤主之）。服药已，
微除，其人发烦目瞑；剧者必衄，衄乃解。所以然者，阳气重故也。
【按】张兼善曰∶“麻黄汤主之”五字，不应在阳气重之下，岂有衄乃解之后，而用麻黄汤之理乎？服药
已之上，并无所服何药之文，将此五字移于其上，文义始合，当移之。
伤寒不大便，六七日，头痛有热者，与承气汤。其小便清者，知不在里，仍在表也，当须发汗，{若}〔苦〕
头痛者，必衄，宜桂枝汤。
【按】“若头痛”之“若”字，当是“苦”字。苦头痛方为必衄证，若是“若”字，则凡头痛皆能致衄矣。
当改之。
心下痞，按之〔不〕濡，其脉关上浮者，大黄黄连泻心汤主之。
【按】“按之濡”，当是“按之不濡”，若按之濡，乃虚痞也，补之不暇，岂有用大黄泻之之理乎？当补之。
发汗后病证未解除，反而出现恶寒症状的，属于虚证，应当用芍药甘草附子汤主治。
【按语】“发汗病不解”中的“不”字，是衍文（多余的字）。如果发汗后病证未解除，那么应当出现恶寒症状，怎么能说是“反而”恶寒呢？只有当病证已解却仍见恶寒，才可以称之为虚证。
这个“不”字应当删去。
病人发热、头痛，脉象反而沉细，如果病情没有好转，身体疼痛，（并伴有下利清谷），应当温补里阳，适宜使用四逆汤。
【按语】在“身体疼痛”之下，应当有“下利清谷”这四个字。如果没有这四个字，那么“应当温补里阳”的说法就失去了依据，也没有表证存在却直接温补里阳的道理。阅读后面的太阴篇中提到：“伤寒，医生误用泻下法，随后出现下利清谷不止，身体疼痛的，应当紧急救里，使用四逆汤。”这样意义更加明确，遵循经典原文进行补充。
伤寒病，（如果经过）发汗、或者催吐、或者泻下之后，七八天病邪仍未解除，热邪结聚在体内，表里都发热，时常出汗且怕风，极度口渴，舌面干燥而且烦躁，想要喝几升水的，应当用白虎加人参汤主治。
【按语】在“伤寒”之下，应当有“若汗”这两个字，因为发汗比催吐和泻下更损伤津液。“时时恶风”，应当是“时汗恶风”，如果不是“汗”字，那么“时时恶风”就是表证未解的表现，白虎汤是在禁忌之列的。《伤寒论》中说：发热无汗，表证未解的，不可给予白虎汤。口渴想喝水，没有表证的，用白虎加人参汤主治。仔细研读经文自然明白，应当补充并修改。
发汗以后，脉象浮数，（小便不利），心烦口渴的，应当用五苓散主治。
【按语】在“脉浮数”之下，应当有“小便不利”这四个字，如果没有这四个字，那就是阳明经内热导致的口燥烦渴，这是白虎汤的适应证。正因为有小便不利而导致的烦渴，这才是太阳经水热互结导致的烦渴，才属于五苓散的适应证。如果不是因为小便不利而使用五苓散，那就犯了再次耗竭津液的禁忌了。况且在太阳篇上编中类似证候有好几条，只有“水入即吐”一条，是因为水气不下行，所以没有“小便不利”的文字，其余都有“小便不利”这四个字。现在这四个字，一定是传抄遗漏的，应当补充。
服用桂枝汤，或者经过泻下治疗后，仍然头项强痛，发热如羽毛覆盖般温热，无汗，胃脘部胀满微痛，小便不利的，应当用桂枝汤去掉{桂}〔芍药〕加入茯苓、白术的主治。
【按语】去掉桂枝应当是去掉芍药。这个方子如果去掉桂枝，用什么来治疗仍然存在的头项强痛、发热无汗的表证呢？仔细推敲服用此方的记载，说“其余按照桂枝汤的方法煎服”，其中的道理自然显现。服用桂枝汤后，盖被保暖约一顿饭的时间，全身微微似有汗出，这才是服用桂枝汤的方法。如果去掉桂枝，剩下的就是白芍、甘草、茯苓、白术，并没有辛甘发散以调和营卫的药物，却说“其余按照桂枝汤的方法”，这就毫无意义了。况且《伤寒论》中脉促胸满、汗出恶寒的，用桂枝去芍药加附子汤主治，去掉芍药是因为胸满的缘故，现在的证候虽然稍有不同，但都有“满”的症状，由此可知应当是去掉芍药，应当修改。
伤寒，医生用丸药猛烈泻下后，身热不退，心中轻微烦躁的，应当用栀子{干姜}〔豉〕汤主治。
伤寒五六天，经过猛烈泻下之后，身热不退，心中结滞疼痛的，说明病邪尚未解除。应当用栀子{豉}〔干姜〕汤主治。
【按语】栀子干姜汤，应当是栀子豉汤；栀子豉汤，应当是栀子干姜汤。绝没有烦躁热证使用干姜，结滞疼痛使用香豉的道理，应当互换位置。
太阳病，脉象浮紧，无汗，发热，身体疼痛，过了八九天病邪仍未解除，表证仍然存在，这应当发汗，（麻黄汤主治）。服药后，症状稍微减轻，其人感到心烦，眼睛闭合不想睁开；严重的必然会出现鼻衄，鼻衄后病邪才会解除。之所以这样，是因为阳气郁闭过重的缘故。
【按语】张兼善说：“麻黄汤主治”五个字，不应该放在“阳气重”之下，哪有鼻衄后病解的情况下，还使用麻黄汤的道理呢？在“服药后”之上，并没有提到服用什么药物的文字，将这五个字移到上面，文义才符合逻辑，应当移动。
伤寒不大便六七天，头痛且有发热的，给予承气汤。如果小便清澈的，知道病邪不在里，仍在表，应当需要发汗，{若}〔苦〕头痛的，必然会出现鼻衄，适宜用桂枝汤。
【按语】“若头痛”的“若”字，应当是“苦”字。只有剧烈头痛才是必然导致鼻衄的证候，如果是“若”字，那么凡是头痛都会导致鼻衄了。应当修改。
心下部痞塞胀满，按压时〔不〕柔软，脉象关部浮大的，应当用大黄黄连泻心汤主治。
【按语】“按之濡”，应当是“按之不濡”，如果按压柔软，那是虚性痞满，补益都来不及，哪里有用大黄泻下的道理呢？应当补充。
If the disease condition does not resolve after sweating, and chills appear instead, it is due to deficiency; Shaoyao Gancao Fuzi Tang (Peony, Licorice, and Aconite Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Commentary] The character "bu" (not) in "fa han bing bu jie" (sweating, disease does not resolve) is a superfluous character. If the disease does not resolve after sweating, chills should naturally occur; how can it be described as "instead" having chills? Only when the disease has resolved but chills persist can it be termed deficiency.
This character "bu" (not) should be deleted.
The patient presents with fever, headache, and a pulse that is unexpectedly deep. If the condition does not improve, and there is body pain accompanied by (diarrhea with undigested food), the interior should be warmed, and Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) is appropriate.
[Commentary] Under "body pain," the four characters "xiali qinggu" (diarrhea with undigested food) should be present. Without these four characters, the statement "the interior should be warmed" would lack basis, as there is no rationale for warming the interior when only exterior symptoms exist. Reading the Taiyin Chapter later states: "In cold damage, if the physician mistakenly uses purgatives, and subsequently diarrhea with undigested food persists without stopping, and there is body pain, the interior must be urgently rescued with Sini Tang." This clarifies the meaning further; following the classic text, this should be supplemented.
In cold damage, (if after) sweating, or vomiting, or purging, seven to eight days pass without resolution, heat becomes fixed within, both the exterior and interior are hot, there is occasional sweating with aversion to wind, severe thirst, dryness and irritation on the tongue, and a desire to drink several liters of water, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Under "cold damage," the two characters "ruo han" (if sweating) should be present, as sweating damages body fluids more than vomiting or purging. "Shishi ewfeng" (occasional aversion to wind) should be "shi han ewfeng" (sweating with aversion to wind). If it is not the character "han" (sweat), then "occasional aversion to wind" indicates unresolved exterior syndrome, against which Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is contraindicated. The Treatise states: For fever without sweat and unresolved exterior syndrome, Baihu Tang must not be given. For thirst with desire to drink water and no exterior syndrome, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) is used. Careful study of the original text will reveal this; supplementation and correction are required.
After sweating, if the pulse is floating and rapid, (urination is difficult), and there is irritability and thirst, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Under "pulse floating and rapid," the four characters "xiaobian buli" (urination is difficult) should be present. Without these four characters, the irritability and thirst would be due to internal heat in the Yangming channel causing dry mouth, which is an indication for Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction). It is precisely because of urination difficulty leading to irritability and thirst that it constitutes the irritability and thirst of water-heat entanglement in the Taiyang channel, fitting the indication for Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Using Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) without urination difficulty would violate the prohibition against exhausting body fluids again. Moreover, in the upper section of the Taiyang chapter, there are several similar cases; only the case of "vomiting immediately after drinking water" lacks the phrase "urination is difficult" because the water fails to descend; all others contain these four characters. These four characters here were likely lost during transcription and should be supplemented.
After taking Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), or after purgation, if there is still stiffness and pain in the head and neck, mild fever resembling a feather covering, absence of sweat, fullness and slight pain in the epigastrium, and urination difficulty, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with {Gui} [Shaoyao] removed plus Fuling (Poria) and Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Removing Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) should actually mean removing Shaoyao (White Peony Root). If this formula removes Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), what treats the unresolved exterior symptoms of head/neck stiffness, fever, and absence of sweat? Carefully examining the instruction to take this decoction, it says "rest according to Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) preparation methods," revealing the logic. After taking Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), one covers warmly for about an hour until the whole body has a slight sweat; this is the method for taking Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). If Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) is removed, the remaining ingredients are Baishao (White Peony Root), Gancao (Licorice), Fuling (Poria), and Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), lacking acrid-sweet herbs to move Ying and Wei. Saying "rest according to Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) methods" would be meaningless. Furthermore, in the Treatise, for pulse surging with chest fullness, sweating, and aversion to cold, Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Fuzi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction with Shaoyao Removed plus Aconite) is used; Shaoyao (White Peony Root) is removed because of chest fullness. Although the current syndrome differs slightly, the presence of "fullness" is the same, indicating that Shaoyao (White Peony Root) should be removed. This should be corrected.
In cold damage, if the physician uses pill-based strong purgatives, and body heat persists with slight irritability, Zhizi {Ganjiang} [Chidou] Tang (Gardenia {Dried Ginger} [Fermented Soybean] Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
In cold damage lasting five to six days, after strong purgation, if body heat persists and there is knotted pain in the heart region, the disease has not yet resolved. Zhizi {Chidou} [Ganjiang] Tang (Gardenia [Fermented Soybean] {Dried Ginger} Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
[Commentary] Zhizi Ganjiang Tang (Gardenia and Dried Ginger Decoction) should be Zhizi Chidou Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction); Zhizi Chidou Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) should be Zhizi Ganjiang Tang (Gardenia and Dried Ginger Decoction). There is no rationale for using Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) for irritability and heat, nor for using Chidou (Fermented Soybean) for knotted pain. They should be swapped.
Taiyang syndrome, with a floating-tight pulse, absence of sweat, fever, and body pain, unresolved after eight or nine days, with exterior symptoms still present, requires sweating therapy, (Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is the primary treatment). After taking the medicine, symptoms slightly subside, the person becomes irritable and closes their eyes; in severe cases, epistaxis (nosebleed) will occur, and the disease resolves through epistaxis. The reason for this is excessive Yang qi stagnation.
[Commentary] Zhang Jianshan said: The five characters "Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is the primary treatment" should not be placed under "excessive Yang qi stagnation." How could Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) be used after the disease resolves via epistaxis? Above "after taking the medicine," there is no mention of which medicine was taken. Moving these five characters above resolves the textual inconsistency; they should be moved.
In cold damage with constipation for six or seven days, accompanied by headache and fever, Chengqi Tang (Gut-Draining Decoction) may be given. If the urine is clear, it indicates the pathogen is not in the interior but remains in the exterior, requiring sweating therapy. If there is {Ruo} [Ku] headache, epistaxis will likely occur, and Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is appropriate.
[Commentary] The character "ruo" (if) in "ruo tou tong" (if headache) should be "ku" (bitter/severe). Only severe headache is a sign that inevitably leads to epistaxis; if it were "ruo" (if), then any headache would cause epistaxis. This should be corrected.
Fullness and stuffiness in the epigastrium, which feels [not] soft upon pressure, with a floating pulse at the Guan position, is primarily treated with Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Tang (Rhubarb, Coptis, and Scutellaria Heart-Draining Decoction).
[Commentary] "An zhi ru" (soft upon pressure) should be "an zhi bu ru" (not soft upon pressure). If it is soft upon pressure, it is a deficiency-type fullness, where tonification is insufficient, let alone using Dahuang (Rhubarb) for purging. This should be supplemented.