巢氏云∶足少阴肾经，其血气华于发，若血气不足，则不能润悦于发，故发黄
也。钱氏曰∶小儿长大不行，行则脚细，齿久不生，生则不固，发久不生，生则
不黑，皆属气血虚也，宜大剂补之。
《千金冀》发黄方
腊月猪脂和羊屎灰、蒲灰等分，敷之，三日一为，取黑止。
又方 以醋煮大豆烂，去豆煎令稠，涂发。
又方 熊脂涂发梳之，散头床底伏地，一食顷即出，形尽当黑，用之不过一升。
安师传治小儿发黄极妙方
破故纸不计多少，银石器中熳火炒熟，为细末，用地黄汁煎成膏和为丸，绿豆
大。每服十五二十丸，盐汤送下，食前。
清胃散 治胃火牙痛，或连头面。
升麻（五分） 生地黄 牡丹皮 黄连（炒） 当归（各三分）
上水煎服。加柴胡、山栀，即加味清胃散。
愚按∶前方治脾胃实火作渴，口舌生疮，或唇口肿痛，齿龈溃烂， 连头面，
或恶寒发热，或重舌马牙，吐舌流涎等证，子母并宜服之。若因脾胃气虚，寒凉
克伐，或虚热上行，口舌生疮，弄舌发热，饮食少思，或呕吐困睡，大便不实，
流涎龈烂者，用五味异功散。
〔张涣〕 本散 治卒齿痛。
本 白附子 川芎 莽草（各半两，并捣罗为细末，次用） 青黛 芦荟 麝香（各一钱，研细）
上件，都再研匀。每用一字，涂揩患处。
雄黄丸 治小儿牙齿黑蛀，气息疼痛。
雄黄（二钱） 麝香（半钱）
上为细末，软饭和为梃子。安在牙内。
巢元方说：足少阴肾经，其气血荣华表现在头发上，如果气血不足，就不能滋润滋养头发，所以导致头发发黄。钱乙说：小儿长大之后不能行走，能走时脚细弱，牙齿很久不生，生下来也不牢固，头发很久不生，生下来也不黑，这些都属于气血虚弱，应当用大剂量药物补益。
《千金翼方》治疗发黄的方子
腊月（农历十二月）的猪油与羊屎灰、蒲草灰各等分，混合后敷在头发上，三天更换一次，直到头发变黑为止。
另一个方子
用醋煮大豆至烂熟，去掉豆子，将汁液煎至浓稠，涂抹在头发上。
又一个方子
用熊脂涂抹头发并梳理，然后散开头发趴在床底下的地上，大约吃一顿饭的时间就起来，头发最终会变黑，用量不超过一升。
安师传授的治疗小儿发黄极其巧妙的方子
破故纸（补骨脂）不限数量，在银器或石器中用慢火炒熟，研成细末，用地黄汁煎煮成膏状，调和做成丸药，大小如绿豆。每次服用十五到二十丸，用盐汤送服，饭前服用。
清胃散 治疗胃火引起的牙痛，或者疼痛牵连到头面部。
升麻（五分） 生地黄 牡丹皮 黄连（炒制） 当归（各三分）
以上药材用水煎煮后服用。加入柴胡、山栀，即为加味清胃散。
我按语：前面的方子治疗脾胃实火导致的口渴、口舌生疮，或者嘴唇口腔肿痛、齿龈溃烂，疼痛牵连头面部，或者伴有恶寒发热，或者重舌、马牙、吐舌、流涎等症状，母子双方都适宜服用。如果是由于脾胃气虚，被寒凉药物过度克伐，或者是虚热上行，导致口舌生疮、弄舌发热、饮食减少不想进食，或者呕吐困倦嗜睡、大便不成形、流涎齿龈腐烂的情况，使用五味异功散。
〔张涣〕 本散 治疗突然发生的牙痛。
藁本 白附子 川芎 莽草（各半两，一并捣碎筛选成细末，随后使用） 青黛 芦荟 麝香（各一钱，研磨细）
以上药材，全部再次研磨均匀。每次取“一字”量（古代计量单位），涂抹擦拭患处。
Chao Yuanfang stated: The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian manifests its Qi and Blood in the hair. If Qi and Blood are insufficient, they cannot moisten and nourish the hair, thus causing yellowing of the hair. Qian Yi stated: When children grow up but cannot walk, or when they can walk their legs are thin; if teeth do not erupt for a long time, or if they erupt but are not firm; if hair does not grow for a long time, or if it grows but is not black—all these belong to deficiency of Qi and Blood, and should be treated with large doses of tonifying agents.
*Qianjin Yifang* (Supplement to the Thousand Gold Formulas) Formula for Yellow Hair
Mix lard from the twelfth lunar month with ash from sheep dung and rush ash in equal parts. Apply this mixture to the hair. Change it every three days until the hair turns black.
Another formula
Boil soybeans in vinegar until soft and rotten. Remove the beans and boil the liquid until thick. Apply this to the hair.
Yet another formula
Apply bear fat to the hair and comb it. Then, spread out the hair and lie prone on the floor beneath the bed. After approximately the time it takes to eat one meal, get up. The hair will eventually turn black. Use no more than one *sheng* (unit of volume).
An Shi’s Inherited Excellent Formula for Treating Yellow Hair in Children
Use *Pogu Zhi* (Psoraleae Fructus, 补骨脂) in any quantity. Stir-fry it thoroughly over slow fire in a silver or earthenware vessel until cooked. Grind it into a fine powder. Decoct it with juice from *Dihuang* (Rehmanniae Radix, 地黄) to form a paste, then mix with the powder to make pills the size of mung beans. Take fifteen to twenty pills each time, washed down with salt water, before meals.
*Qingwei San* (Clear Stomach Powder) Treats toothache caused by Stomach Fire, which may radiate to the head and face.
*Shengma* (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 升麻) (5 fen) *Sheng Dihuang* (Rehmanniae Radix Recens, 生地黄) *Mudanpi* (Moutan Cortex, 牡丹皮) *Huanglian* (Coptidis Rhizoma, 黄连) (stir-fried) *Danggui* (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 当归) (each 3 fen)
Decoct these ingredients in water and take orally. Adding *Chaihu* (Bupleuri Radix, 柴胡) and *Shanzhi* (Gardeniae Fructus, 山栀) constitutes *Jiawei Qingwei San* (Modified Clear Stomach Powder).
My Commentary: The aforementioned formula treats thirst, mouth and tongue ulcers, swelling and pain of the lips and oral cavity, ulceration of the gums, pain radiating to the head and face, aversion to cold and fever, double tongue, horse teeth, protruding tongue, and salivation caused by Excess Fire of the Spleen and Stomach. It is suitable for both mother and child. However, if the condition arises from Qi deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach, excessive suppression by cold-cooling herbs, or ascending Deficient Heat, manifesting as mouth and tongue ulcers, playing with the tongue, fever, poor appetite, vomiting, lethargy, loose stools, salivation, and gum erosion, use *Wuwei Yigong San* (Five-Ingredient Powder for Benefiting the Work of the Spleen).
[Zhang Huan] *Ben San* (Ligusticum Powder) Treats sudden toothache.
*Bencao* (Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix, 藁本) *Baifuzi* (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, 白附子) *Chuanxiong* (Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 川芎) *Mangcao* (Agastaches Herba, 莽草) (each 0.5 liang, all pounded and sifted into a fine powder, used subsequently) *Qingdai* (Indigo Naturalis, 青黛) *Luhui* (Aloe, 芦荟) *Shexiang* (Moschus, 麝香) (each 1 qian, ground finely)
All the above ingredients should be ground together uniformly. Each time, take an amount equivalent to "one character" (a small ancient measure), and apply/rub it onto the affected area.
*Xionghuang Wan* (Realgar Pill) Treats blackening and caries of children's teeth, accompanied by pain in the breath/teeth.
*Xionghuang* (Realgar, 雄黄) (2 qian) *Shexiang* (Moschus, 麝香) (0.5 qian)
Grind these into a fine powder. Mix with soft rice paste to form stick-like shapes. Insert them into the teeth.