豆蔻（各二钱半） 丁香 半夏（姜制） 附子（炮，去皮。各一钱半）
上 咀。每服二钱，水一盏，姜五片，枣三枚，煎服。
上治虚寒。（虚而不寒者、宜用前方血气俱虚之剂，不宜用此，必脉虚细、四肢身体冷者，方
可用之）
十补散 滋养气血，调养脾胃，能使疮毒速出，有寒证者用之。加紫草、木香、
糯米、名参 内托散。
黄 人参 当归（各二钱） 浓朴 桔梗 川芎 防风 白芷 甘草（各一钱） 桂心（三分）
每服四钱，水煎服，或为末，温水调下一钱五分。
〔虚热例〕
蓝根散 治疮疹出不快，及倒靥，一名二圣散，救小儿垂死。
板蓝根（一两） 甘草（炙，七钱半）
上，末。每服半钱，取雄鸡冠血三两点，同温酒少许，食后调下，无时。甚则
三五服，立效。（丹溪云，蓝，能分散败血。）
丝瓜散 发疮疹最妙，丝瓜连皮烧灰，存性，百沸汤调下，或以紫草、甘草煎汤调
服尤佳，米汤亦可。
萝卜汤（见前）
〔烦不得眠例〕
痘疹烦不得眠者。甘桔加栀子汤
桔梗 甘草 栀子
上，各等分，煎服。
〔活〕治痘出不快，烦躁不得眠者，水解散、麻黄黄芩汤、升麻黄芩汤主之。（海藏
云∶莫若定其气血，用石膏栀子之类，尤佳，麻黄黄芩汤、升麻黄芩汤、亦当求责的是太阳阳明，
方可用之。）
水解散 治天行头疼壮热一二日，兼治 疮未出烦躁，或出尚身体发热者。
麻黄（去节，四两） 大黄 黄芩 桂心 甘草（炙） 芍药（各二两）
上为粗末。患者以生熟汤浴讫，以暖水调下二钱，相次二服，得汗利便瘥。强
人服二方寸匕。风实之人，三伏中亦宜用之。若去大黄，春夏通用。
升麻黄芩汤 治痘疮出不快，烦躁不得眠。麻黄黄芩汤治痘疮出不快，益烦躁
昏，或出尚身疼热者。（二方见小儿伤寒门。）
胡萎酒 胡荽一味，细切四两，以好酒二盏，煎一二沸，入胡荽再煎少时，用物合
定，放温，每吸一大口、微喷，从顶至足匀遍，勿喷头面，病患左右常令有胡荽
气，即能辟去污气，疮疹出快。
《指南》有禁疮之说，云痘毒奔溃，由气血虚弱，不能拘领其毒，以致毒盛而聚
于腠虚之处，故痘之初出也，或一点二点见于隐僻腠节之处，及方广四肢之间，此痘
一出，则诸痘不得宣发成浆矣，故曰禁疮。其禁有五，一曰胃禁，二曰火禁，三曰
水禁，四曰风禁，五曰寒禁。胃禁者，毒火炙胃，不能发散于肌表，脾胃溃烂，
其外证之痘，出于唇口之间者，或二三四五点相连，诸痘未浆，此痘已先黄熟，知
由热毒内攻，胃已腐烂，故诸痘不得成浆也。如唇口一见此痘，当察其面色烦红，
气粗热甚，口臭异常者，是其验也。火禁者，小儿初发之际，或因身发寒热而误
以火熏炙其衣被，或睡卧于火箱之中，使皮肤干燥，故痘毒发泄不出，又兼气虚而
不能拘其毒，则毒停皮肤之内，隐隐不能发出肌表也。细看皮内，觉有红点无头无
脚，或于四肢头面方广之处，见一二点痘子，则诸痘皆从此痘上发泄为孽，而皮内
隐隐不出之痘，终不能快出，名为火禁。以水杨加荆芥煎汤浴之，则诸痘自发矣，
轻则升麻和解散主之。水禁者，初发热之际，阴阳未分，毒瓦斯方炽，或误食生冷，
则毒停于皮肉之间，隐隐有红点，或于方广两胁手足头面之际，发有水泡者是也，
盖冷气在内则腹疼肚胀，在外则发热恶寒，此其验也。以丁、桂、茯苓、升麻、大
腹之类逐之，冷食遗积脾胃，须防下泄，再加山楂。风禁者，发热之初，失于
不避风，则风入肌表，痘不能发，或肌肤麻木，不知痛痒，或不麻木而干燥，或毛
直而干焦，或皮痒欲搔，或重则狂烦谵语，此风与火搏故也。治法，以升麻汤加羌
活、荆芥、以逐之，甚则蒺藜、蝉蜕、以攻也。寒禁者，发热之初，误经冷水沐
浴，或睡卧于铁漆寒冷之处，或衣被单薄，感冒寒气，则痘必不能宣露，有手足麻
木不知痛痒，有四肢冷痛不能举动者，有麻木冷痛之处不出痘子，惟于委曲避风之
处，或头面发际之上，痘出如瘾疹者，是其验也。内以丁、桂、川芎、升麻逐之，
外用绵衣以温之。曾见小儿年十一二岁，发热之初，卧新漆床上，初因热极，父母
不防出痘，任小儿手贴漆床而卧，致令寒气侵入手臂，其余四肢面腹方广之处、俱出
有痘，唯一臂麻木不仁，无一点痘见，诸医视之，并不知其故，请予至，详察其由，
乃以前方治之，后见一臂痘发出比他处尤为稠密，臂痘一出，诸痘俱起，九日而平
复如故。
豆蔻（各二钱半）、丁香、半夏（姜制）、附子（炮制，去皮。各一钱半）。
以上药材切碎。每次服用二钱，加水一盏，生姜五片，大枣三枚，煎煮后服用。
此方主治虚寒证。（若仅有虚象而无寒象者，适宜使用前方治疗气血俱虚的方剂，不宜使用此方；必须见到脉象虚细、四肢及身体发冷的症状，方可使用此方。）
十补散：滋养气血，调养脾胃，能使疮毒迅速透出，若有寒证者使用此方。加入紫草、木香、糯米，名为参内托散。
黄芪、人参、当归（各二钱）、厚朴、桔梗、川芎、防风、白芷、甘草（各一钱）、桂心（三分）。
每次服用四钱，水煎服；或研为粉末，用温水调服一钱五分。
〔虚热例〕
蓝根散：治疗疮疹发出迟缓，以及倒靥（痘疹回缩），又名二圣散，用于抢救垂危的小儿。
板蓝根（一两）、甘草（炙，七钱半）。
以上研为细末。每次服用半钱，取雄鸡冠血三两点，同少许温酒，饭后调服，不拘时间。病情严重者，服用三五次，立即见效。（丹溪说，蓝草根能分散败血。）
丝瓜散：发散疮疹效果极佳。将丝瓜连皮烧成灰，保留药性，用滚开水调服；或者用紫草、甘草煎汤调服更好，米汤也可以。
萝卜汤（见前文）。
〔烦不得眠例〕
痘疹患者烦躁不能安睡者，用甘桔加栀子汤。
桔梗、甘草、栀子。
以上各等分，煎煮服用。
〔活〕治疗痘疹发出迟缓，烦躁不能安睡者，用水解散、麻黄黄芩汤、升麻黄芩汤主治。（海藏说：不如确定气血状况，使用石膏、栀子之类，尤其好；麻黄黄芩汤、升麻黄芩汤，也应当确认为太阳阳明病证，方可使用。）
水解散：治疗时行感冒引起的头痛壮热一二日，兼治痘疮未出时的烦躁，或已发出但身体仍发热者。
麻黄（去节，四两）、大黄、黄芩、桂心、甘草（炙）、芍药（各二两）。
以上研为粗末。患者用生水和熟水混合的汤洗浴完毕后，用暖水调下二钱，接着再服一次，得汗且大便通畅即痊愈。体格强壮的人服用二方寸匕。风实体质的人，在三伏天中也适宜使用。如果去掉大黄，春夏季节通用。
升麻黄芩汤：治疗痘疮发出迟缓，烦躁不能安睡。麻黄黄芩汤治疗痘疮发出迟缓，更加烦躁昏沉，或已发出但身体疼痛发热者。（这两个方剂见小儿伤寒门。）
胡萎酒：仅用胡荽一味，细切四两，用好酒二盏，煎煮一至两沸，放入胡荽再煎片刻，用器物盖住，放至温热，每次吸一大口，微微喷洒，从头到脚均匀喷洒，不要喷头部和面部，让病患左右常闻到胡荽气味，就能驱除污秽之气，使疮疹迅速发出。
《指南》中有禁止疮疹的说法，称痘毒奔溃，是因为气血虚弱，不能约束统领痘毒，导致毒气旺盛而聚集在腠理空虚之处，所以痘疹初出时，有时一点两点出现在隐蔽的腠理关节处，以及四肢宽阔之间，这一颗痘一出，其他痘疹就不能宣发成浆了，所以称为禁疮。其禁忌有五种，一是胃禁，二是火禁，三是水禁，四是风禁，五是寒禁。
胃禁：毒火灼烧胃腑，不能在肌表发散，导致脾胃溃烂，外在表现的痘疹，出现在唇口之间的，如果有二三四五点相连，其他痘疹还未成浆，这颗痘已经先变黄成熟，知道是由热毒内攻，胃已腐烂，所以其他痘疹不能成浆。如唇口一见这种痘，应当观察面色是否烦红，气息粗重热甚，口臭异常，这是验证。
火禁：小儿初发之际，或因身体发寒热而误用火熏炙衣被，或睡卧在火箱之中，使皮肤干燥，所以痘毒发泄不出，又兼气虚而不能约束痘毒，则毒停在皮肤之内，隐隐约约不能发出肌表。仔细看皮内，感觉有红点无头无脚，或在四肢头面宽阔之处，见一二点痘子，则其他痘疹都从此痘上发泄为祸患，而皮内隐隐不出的痘疹，最终不能快出，名为火禁。用水杨加荆芥煎汤洗浴，则其他痘疹自然发出，轻症用升麻和解散主治。
水禁：初发热之际，阴阳未分，毒瓦斯正盛，或误食生冷，则毒停在皮肉之间，隐隐有红点，或在宽阔两胁手足头面之际，发出有水泡的是这种情况，因为冷气在内则腹痛肚胀，在外则发热恶寒，这是验证。用丁（丁香）、桂（肉桂）、茯苓、升麻、大腹（槟榔）之类驱逐它，冷食遗积在脾胃，须防腹泻，再加山楂。
风禁：发热之初，失于不避风，则风入肌表，痘疹不能发出，或肌肤麻木，不知痛痒，或不麻木而干燥，或毛发直而干焦，或皮肤痒想搔抓，或严重则狂躁谵语，这是风与火搏结的缘故。治疗方法，用升麻汤加羌活、荆芥，以驱逐它，严重时用蒺藜、蝉蜕，以攻伐它。
寒禁：发热之初，误经冷水沐浴，或睡卧在铁漆寒冷之处，或衣被单薄，感冒寒气，则痘疹一定不能显露，有手足麻木不知痛痒，有四肢冷痛不能举动者，有麻木冷痛之处不出痘子，只在弯曲避风之处，或头面发际之上，痘出像瘾疹一样，这是验证。内服丁（丁香）、桂（肉桂）、川芎、升麻驱逐它，外用绵衣温暖它。曾见一个十一二岁的小儿，发热之初，睡在新漆的床上，起初因热极，父母没有防备出痘，任由小儿手贴漆床而卧，致使寒气侵入手臂，其余四肢面腹宽阔之处，都长出了痘疹，只有一只手臂麻木不仁，没有一点痘疹出现，各位医生查看，都不知道原因，请我到来，详细考察其原因，于是用前面的方剂治疗，后来看见一只手臂的痘疹发出比其他地方尤为稠密，手臂痘疹一出，其他痘疹都起来了，九天而平复如初。
Cardamomi Fructus (2.5 qian each), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Banxia (Ginger-processed), Fuzii Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata (Pao, peeled; 1.5 qian each).
Crush the above herbs. Take 2 qian per dose, add one lamp of water, five slices of fresh ginger, and three jujubes, decoct and take orally.
This formula treats deficiency-cold syndrome. (For cases with deficiency but no cold, the preceding formula for dual deficiency of qi and blood is suitable; this formula should not be used. It can only be used when the pulse is deficient and fine, and the limbs and body are cold.)
Shibu San (Ten-Tonifying Powder): Nourishes qi and blood, regulates spleen and stomach, and facilitates the rapid eruption of toxin in sores. Use it if there are cold signs. Adding Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Cortex), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), and Nuomici (Oryza Sativa Glutinosa Semen) is called Shen Neituo San.
Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (2 qian each), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1 qian each), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (3 fen).
Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in water and take orally; or grind into powder and mix with warm water to take 1.5 qian.
[Deficiency-Heat Example]
Langen San (Isatidis Root Powder): Treats slow eruption of sores/rashes and inverted crusting (retraction of pustules). Also known as Ersheng San, used to save critically ill children.
Banlangen (Isatidis Radix) (1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) (7.5 qian).
Grind into fine powder. Take half a qian per dose, mix with three to two drops of rooster comb blood and a little warm wine, take after meals, at any time. For severe cases, take three to five doses for immediate effect. (Danxi said: Lan root can disperse stagnant blood.)
Sigua San (Luffa Powder): Most excellent for promoting the eruption of sores/rashes. Burn luffa fruit with skin to ash, preserving its medicinal property. Mix with boiling water to take. Alternatively, decoct Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Cortex) and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) to mix and take; rice soup is also acceptable.
Luobo Tang (Radish Decoction) (see previous text).
[Irrestlessness and Insomnia Example]
For smallpox/rash patients with irritability and inability to sleep, use Ganjie Jia Zhizi Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction plus Gardenia).
Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus).
Equal parts of the above, decoct and take.
[Huo] For smallpox/rash with slow eruption, irritability, and insomnia, treat with Shuijie San, Mahuang Huangqin Tang, or Shengma Huangqin Tang. (Haizang said: It is better to determine the state of qi and blood and use Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), which is especially good. Mahuang Huangqin Tang and Shengma Huangqin Tang should only be used after confirming Taiyang and Yangming syndromes.)
Shuijie San (Water-Resolving Powder): Treats epidemic headache and high fever for one to two days; also treats irritability before sore eruption, or continued fever after eruption.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed) (4 liang), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (2 liang each).
Grind into coarse powder. After the patient bathes in a mixture of raw and boiled water, take 2 qian mixed with warm water. Follow with a second dose. Recovery occurs with sweating and unobstructed bowel movement. Strong individuals take two fangcunbi (square-inch scoops). Individuals with wind-excess constitution may also use it during the dog days of summer. If Dahuang is omitted, it is suitable for spring and summer.
Shengma Huangqin Tang (Codonopsis and Scutellaria Decoction): Treats slow eruption of smallpox/rash, irritability, and insomnia. Mahuang Huangqin Tang treats slow eruption of smallpox/rash with increased irritability and drowsiness, or body pain and fever after eruption. (Both formulas are found in the Pediatric Cold Damage section.)
Huwu Jiu (Coriander Wine): Use only Coriandrum sativum Herb (Husu). Finely chop 4 liang, add two lamps of good wine, boil for one or two boils, add Husu again and boil briefly. Cover tightly, let cool to warm. Inhale a large mouthful and spray gently from head to toe evenly, avoiding the head and face. Keep the patient surrounded by the aroma of Husu to dispel foul qi and promote rapid eruption of sores/rashes.
The "Zhinan" mentions the prohibition of treating sores, stating that the collapse of smallpox toxin is due to weak qi and blood failing to contain the toxin, causing the toxin to accumulate where the couli (interstices) are empty. Thus, when smallpox first erupts, one or two spots may appear in hidden interstitial joints or between the limbs. Once these spots erupt, other spots cannot develop properly into pustules, hence called "Prohibited Sores." There are five prohibitions: Stomach Prohibition, Fire Prohibition, Water Prohibition, Wind Prohibition, and Cold Prohibition.
Stomach Prohibition: Toxic fire scorches the stomach, preventing dispersion to the muscle surface, leading to spleen and stomach ulceration. Externally, sores appearing on the lips and mouth, such as two to five connected spots, where other sores have not yet formed pus while this spot has already turned yellow and matured, indicates internal attack by heat-toxin and rotting of the stomach, preventing other sores from forming pus. Upon seeing such sores on the lips/mouth, observe if the complexion is flushed red, breathing is coarse and hot, and breath is unusually foul; this confirms the diagnosis.
Fire Prohibition: At the initial stage of onset, if the child has chills and fever and is mistakenly fumigated with fire or sleeps in a heating box, drying the skin, the toxin cannot be excreted. Combined with qi deficiency failing to contain the toxin, the toxin stays within the skin, faintly unable to emerge. Carefully observing the skin reveals red spots without heads or feet, or one or two spots in broad areas of limbs/head/face. Other sores then erupt destructively from these spots, and the faintly hidden sores fail to erupt quickly, named Fire Prohibition. Bathing with Yangliu (Salix Twig) plus Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba) decoction allows other sores to erupt naturally; mild cases are treated with Shengma Hejie San.
Water Prohibition: At the initial fever stage, when yin and yang are undifferentiated and toxin is strong, mistaken consumption of cold/raw food causes toxin to stay between skin and flesh, showing faint red spots or blisters in broad areas of ribs/hands/feet/head/face. Internal cold causes abdominal pain and distension; external cold causes fever and aversion to wind, confirming the diagnosis. Expel using Ding (Dingxiang), Gui (Rougui), Fuling (Poria), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Dafu (Arecae Pericarpium), etc. Prevent diarrhea from cold food retention in spleen/stomach by adding Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus).
Wind Prohibition: At the onset of fever, failure to avoid wind allows wind to enter the muscle surface, preventing eruption. Symptoms include numbness of skin without pain/itch sensation, or dryness, straight/dry hair, itchy skin wanting to scratch, or severe mania and delirium due to wind-fire binding. Treatment: Use Shengma Tang plus Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba) to expel; for severe cases, use Jili (Tribuli Fructus) and Chantui (Bombyx Dispar Cicadae Periostracum) to attack.
Cold Prohibition: At the onset of fever, mistaken bathing in cold water, sleeping on iron/paint cold surfaces, or thin clothing exposing to cold causes smallpox to fail to emerge. Symptoms include numb hands/feet without pain/itch, cold painful limbs immobile, no sores in numb/cold painful areas, but sores appearing like urticaria in sheltered areas or hairline. This confirms the diagnosis. Internally expel with Ding (Dingxiang), Gui (Rougui), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma); externally warm with cotton clothes. I once saw an 11-12 year old child who slept on a newly lacquered bed during initial fever. Parents did not anticipate smallpox, allowing the child's hand to touch the lacquer bed, causing cold qi to invade the arm. Sores appeared on other limbs/face/abdomen, but the arm was numb with no sores. Doctors did not know the cause. Upon my examination, I treated with the aforementioned formula. Later, the arm erupted with denser sores than elsewhere. Once arm sores emerged, all other sores rose, and recovery occurred in nine days.