沉实，发热，烦躁，外无 赤、痛，其邪深在里，宜先疏通，以绝其源。浮大、数，
肿在外，当先托里，恐邪入内。脉不沉、不浮，内外证无，知其在经，当和荣卫。脉数，
身无热，内有痈脓。脉数，应当发热而反恶寒，若有痛处，当发痈。若数脉不时见，当
生恶疮。
浮 肿疡为虚，为风。溃疡为虚，宜补。
洪 肿疡为虚，为热盛，宜宣热，拔毒。年壮形实，宜下。溃疡为邪气盛，服药久不
退者难治。
滑 肿疡为热。溃疡，为热、为虚，为邪气未退。
数 肿疡为病进，为热。数而洪者欲脓。溃疡为难愈。数甚者，难治。
散 肿疡为气不收敛。溃汤为痛未退，洪、滑、大、散，难治。
芤 肿疡为血虚。溃疡为虚，为脉病相应。
长 肿疡宜消退之法。溃疡为易愈。谓长则气治也。
牢 肿疡为邪盛，为欲脓。溃疡为邪气不退。
实 肿疡为邪气太盛。溃疡为邪不退，为实。缓、豁大者为虚。
弦 肿疡为痛，为欲脓，弦、洪相搏，外紧内热，为疽发也。溃疡为血虚，为痛。
紧 肿疡浮而紧，发热、恶寒，或有痛
处，是为痈疽。溃疡主气血，沉涩为痛，为有外寒。
涩 肿疡为气实，为气滞。溃疡为血虚，为病脉相应。
短 肿疡为元气不足。溃疡为大虚，宜补。
微 肿疡为虚。服药渐充者佳，溃疡若微而匀者为虚，为病脉相应。
迟 肿疡为寒为虚。尺迟为血少。溃疡为虚，为气血不能滋荣于疮，为有外寒。
缓 肿疡为可治，大而缓为虚。溃疡缓而涩者愈，以其病脉相应，及胃气充也。
沉 肿疡为邪气深。溃疡为遗毒在内。寸沉为胸有痰。
伏 肿疡为阴中伏阳邪。溃疡为阳伏阴中，为内蚀，为流注、浸淫难治。
虚 肿疡便宜补而内托。溃疡脓既泄，宜大补气血。
弱 肿疡为元气不足，宜内补托里。溃疡为病脉相应，宜补。
结 肿疡为邪气结。溃疡渐匀则愈，不调则危。
促 肿疡为热，为病进。溃疡为热不减，渐进则死，渐退即生。
代 肿疡为气血败坏，元气损伤。溃疡为元气竭绝。
脉象沉实，伴有发热、烦躁，体表没有红肿和疼痛，说明邪气深伏在体内，应当先疏通经络，以断绝病源。脉象浮大且数，肿胀部位表浅，应当先扶正固里，防止邪气内陷。脉象既不沉也不浮，内外症状不明显，可知病邪在经脉，应当调和营卫。脉数，身体却没有发热，说明体内有痈脓。脉数，本应当发热却反而恶寒，如果某处有疼痛，将会发生痈肿。如果脉数时隐时现，将会生出恶疮。
洪脉：肿疡属于虚证，为热盛所致，适宜宣散热邪，拔毒外出。若患者年轻体壮，适宜攻下。溃疡若因邪气亢盛，服药后久不退者，难以治愈。
数脉：肿疡表示病情进展，属热证。数而兼洪的脉象，预示将要化脓。溃疡见数脉为难愈之兆。数脉极甚者，难以治疗。
散脉：肿疡表示气机不收敛。溃疡表示疼痛未消，若脉象洪、滑、大、散，则属难治。
长脉：肿疡适宜采用消退的方法治疗。溃疡表示容易痊愈，因为长脉代表气机调畅。
实脉：肿疡表示邪气太盛。溃疡表示邪气未退，属实证；若脉象缓、豁大则为虚证。
弦脉：肿疡表示疼痛，或将要化脓；弦脉与洪脉相搏，表现为外紧内热，是疽发作的表现。溃疡表示血虚，伴有疼痛。
紧脉：肿疡脉浮而紧，伴有发热、恶寒，或有疼痛之处，这是痈疽的表现。溃疡主要关乎气血，脉沉涩表示疼痛，或有外寒侵袭。
微脉：肿疡表示虚证。服药后逐渐充盛者为佳；溃疡若脉微而均匀，表示虚证，脉证相应。
迟脉：肿疡表示寒证、虚证；尺部脉迟表示血少。溃疡表示虚证，气血不能滋养疮口，或有外寒。
缓脉：肿疡表示可治，脉大而缓表示虚证。溃疡若脉缓而涩者将痊愈，因为脉证相应，且胃气充盛。
沉脉：肿疡表示邪气深重。溃疡表示余毒留于体内；寸部脉沉表示胸中有痰。
伏脉：肿疡表示阴中潜伏阳邪。溃疡表示阳伏于阴中，导致内部腐蚀，或为流注、浸淫之症，难以治疗。
弱脉：肿疡表示元气不足，适宜内补托里。溃疡表示脉证相应，适宜补益。
结脉：肿疡表示邪气凝结。溃疡若脉象逐渐均匀则痊愈，不调和则危险。
If the pulse is deep and solid, accompanied by fever and irritability, but without external redness or pain, it indicates that the pathogenic factor is deeply seated in the interior. One should first promote unblocking to cut off the source of the disease. If the pulse is floating, large, and rapid, with swelling located superficially, one should first support the interior to prevent the pathogen from entering inward. If the pulse is neither deep nor floating, and there are no obvious internal or external symptoms, it is known that the pathogen is in the meridians; one should harmonize Ying (Nutrient) and Wei (Defensive). A rapid pulse with no body heat indicates the presence of carbuncle and pus within. A rapid pulse, which should be associated with fever but instead presents with aversion to cold, suggests that if there is a painful area, a carbuncle will develop. If a rapid pulse appears intermittently, a malignant sore will arise.
Floating: For a swelling ulcer (Zhongyang), it indicates deficiency and wind. For an open ulcer (Kuailong), it indicates deficiency, and tonification is appropriate.
Surging: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates deficiency and excessive heat; one should disperse heat and draw out toxins. If the patient is young and robust, purgation is appropriate. For an open ulcer, if it is caused by excessive pathogenic factors and fails to recede after prolonged medication, it is difficult to treat.
Slippery: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates heat. For an open ulcer, it indicates heat, deficiency, or lingering pathogenic factors.
Rapid: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates disease progression and heat. A rapid pulse combined with surging suggests impending suppuration. An open ulcer with a rapid pulse is difficult to heal. Extremely rapid pulses are difficult to treat.
Scattered: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates Qi failing to consolidate. For an open ulcer, it indicates unresolved pain; if the pulse is surging, slippery, large, and scattered, it is difficult to treat.
Hollow: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates blood deficiency. For an open ulcer, it indicates deficiency, and the pulse corresponds to the disease.
Long: For a swelling ulcer, methods for resolution and reduction are appropriate. For an open ulcer, it indicates easy healing, as a long pulse signifies regulated Qi.
Firm: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates excessive pathogenic factors and impending suppuration. For an open ulcer, it indicates lingering pathogenic factors.
Excess: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates excessive pathogenic factors. For an open ulcer, it indicates lingering pathogens and excess; if the pulse is slow and expansive, it indicates deficiency.
Wiry: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates pain and impending suppuration; when wiry and surging pulses interact, presenting with exterior tightness and interior heat, it indicates the onset of a deep abscess (Ju). For an open ulcer, it indicates blood deficiency and pain.
Tight: For a swelling ulcer, a floating and tight pulse with fever, aversion to cold, or painful areas indicates carbuncles and deep abscesses. For an open ulcer, it primarily concerns Qi and Blood; a deep and choppy pulse indicates pain and external cold.
Choppy: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates Qi excess and stagnation. For an open ulcer, it indicates blood deficiency, and the pulse corresponds to the disease.
Short: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates insufficiency of Yuan Qi. For an open ulcer, it indicates severe deficiency, and tonification is appropriate.
Fine: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates deficiency; improvement with medication indicating gradual repletion is good. For an open ulcer, a fine and even pulse indicates deficiency and correspondence between pulse and disease.
Slow: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates cold and deficiency; slowness at the Chi position indicates blood scarcity. For an open ulcer, it indicates deficiency, where Qi and Blood fail to nourish the wound, or external cold is present.
Relaxed: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates treatability; a large and relaxed pulse indicates deficiency. For an open ulcer, a relaxed and choppy pulse indicates healing due to correspondence between pulse and disease, and sufficient Stomach Qi.
Deep: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates deep-seated pathogenic factors. For an open ulcer, it indicates residual toxins remaining inside; deepness at the Cun position indicates phlegm in the chest.
Hidden: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates latent Yang pathogenic factors within Yin. For an open ulcer, it indicates Yang hidden within Yin, leading to internal erosion, or conditions like flowing deposits and spreading sores, which are difficult to treat.
Deficient: For a swelling ulcer, tonification and internal support are appropriate. For an open ulcer after pus discharge, substantial tonification of Qi and Blood is appropriate.
Weak: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates insufficiency of Yuan Qi, and internal tonification with support is appropriate. For an open ulcer, it indicates correspondence between pulse and disease, and tonification is appropriate.
Knotted: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates knotting of pathogenic factors. For an open ulcer, gradual evenness indicates healing, while irregularity indicates danger.
Rushing: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates heat and disease progression. For an open ulcer, if heat persists and progresses, death ensues; if heat recedes, survival occurs.
Intermittent: For a swelling ulcer, it indicates deterioration of Qi and Blood and damage to Yuan Qi. For an open ulcer, it indicates exhaustion of Yuan Qi.