古人以淡泊为本，身多强壮；今人以嗜欲所耽，每多羸弱。病患缠绵，推其所以致病之
源者，皆性耽淫乐。未满二八而精道已破，本源先竭，于是六淫戾气乘虚袭入，一切疾病生
于内虚之体，治之非易。况世无良医，不明致病之因，妄投汤药，不死于病而死于庸医之手
者多矣。然而致病之源，乃自取之耳。若能知嗜欲之害，守圣训七损八益之戒，慎风寒，节
饮食，不贪醇酒，不妄作劳，笃重伦常，浓培阴德，如是根深蒂固，则气体自然强旺，疾病自
可稀少，传世可期久远。享期颐、登上寿者，皆是守身执玉之士。孰得孰失，岂可不慎于细而
谨于微哉！余济人心切，特揭明而示戒之。
澜按∶当明季时，世态情欲已经若斯轻薄浇漓，现隔一百九十余年，凶荒兵火之余，而
人心性嗜欲，尤甚于前明十倍。更增鸦片一物，耗烁气血，熏灼脏腑，尤能助淫纵欲，奈何
人不惜命，甘之如饴，终归戕生速死，此嗜好之一大变也。
医为人子，所当知古人有《儒门事亲》之书，良有以也。第医理邃深，而知医之理难为
庸人律也；惟侍疾之道，是贤愚当共晓应为之要也。若父母偶染疾病，为子者当慎择良医，
亟早调治，毋待病邪深入，以伤气血。药必躬自捡察，购买道地上品，煎时必亲自看视，逐
味查对，防其错误。教其煎法，如须表散，用芦薪猛火；若系滋补，用炭火缓煎等法。煎成，亲
送亲前，寒温合宜，斟酌尽善，不离左右，视其或汗、或下之验，以及米饮、茶水等物，毋使失
序。切勿委之奴仆，徒有服药之名，每多错误之害。若临时疾病，人尚易为；若衰迈沉 ，年
深月久，呻吟枕席，困卧难起。最苦者二便，须人扶持，撤换洗濯。每当夏令炎暑，蝇蚊攒刺，
冬日严寒，衣被启覆，以及饮食一切，非人照料。不可莫无切己之人当心侍候，则垂暮之光
阴，如同囹圄之岁月。
为子者，当思父母生我劬劳。自身在襁褓中，父母昼夜保抱，就湿推干，万般辛苦，毫无
疏懈，以及痧痘疾病，扶持保护，延医祷神，毕生心力尽悴于我生之后。今当父母衰年患病，
正人子报本之秋，何辞劳碌侍奉。倘有便溺、痰涎，切不可畏污，必自为撤换，随时查检，虽
不如古人尝粪割股之孝，亦当效乌鸦反哺之意。若一概委之奴仆，万难实心从事。况此辈
面是背非，而病者自知情形衰弱，苦况亦多，含忍不言。如是者，纵有儿孙绕膝，皆属虚名
无济。倘有仆辈诚实可靠，亦须人子亲身督率，优给仆使犒赏也。古云∶百善孝为先。人
能尽父母一日之劳，即得一日之功行；能尽一二年之劳，即得一二年之功行，在此根本上用
力，胜一切善举万倍矣，又何惮其久劳疲弊哉！
至于境处富贵不同，惟侍亲之道，无从分别。若贫贱者无力雇人，自身尤宜加力。凡药
饵、饮食之费，务须竭力筹措，因父母逋累，亦可对人。果能尽心纯孝，自当感格上天，必不
使终于贫贱也。如富贵者，当思天以美境与我，若不加倍尽孝，何以对天。若置父母于脑
后，任其痛苦呻吟，而自拥妻外家以安眠，自己扪心，尚得谓之人乎！况根本既亏，恐富贵亦
难久远矣。又有兄弟多者，当各尽各力，切忌推委。遇妇女不知尽孝，必痛加教诲，万勿溺
爱、听信。余屡见年老衰疾之人，为仆使所欺；甚至病危之际，抱持不慎，一蹶而毙者，人多
不察、不知。要知人人皆有老时，代代儿孙看样，为父母即为自己也。
呜呼！人有一息尚存，皆知痛痒，于有限之时光，克尽其心力。较之死后知识全无，做
斋、打蘸、祭吊之虚文，徒然以有用之金钱，为僧道欺蒙，其益当何如哉。有父母者，深思力
行，岂可忽乎哉。
澜按∶先生向以孝闻，以己之心，度人之心，大声疾呼，愿天下之人，皆知尽孝。惟近世
富贵家往往自昧本源，仅知逢迎显者，以图进取功名，置父母于罔顾，余目击心伤，姑隐其
名而不宣。澜虽慕先生孝行，愧无先生学识，惟愿稍步后尘，聊尽为子之心而已。
古人以淡泊名利为根本，身体大多强壮；今人沉溺于嗜欲之中，往往身体瘦弱。病患病情缠绵难愈，推究其致病根源，都是由于性格沉迷于淫乐所致。男子未满十六岁（二八之年）精气通道就已破损，先天本源先已枯竭，于是风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六淫及疫戾之气乘虚侵袭而入，一切疾病都产生于内在虚弱的体质，治疗起来并不容易。况且世间没有良医，不明白致病的真正原因，胡乱投用汤药，死于疾病的不多，死于庸医之手的却很多了。然而致病的根源，其实是自己招致的。如果能知晓嗜欲的危害，遵守圣人关于“七损八益”的戒律，谨慎防范风寒，节制饮食，不贪恋美酒，不妄自过度劳累，笃守伦理常道，厚积阴德，像这样根基深厚稳固，那么气血自然强盛旺盛，疾病自然可以稀少，传承世系有望长久。能活到百岁期颐、登上高寿的人，都是那些守护身体如持美玉的君子。得失之间，难道不在细微之处谨慎吗？我济世救人之心迫切，特意阐明并以此示警。
澜按：在明朝末年，世态人情已经如此轻薄浮华，如今相隔一百九十余年，经历凶灾荒年和战火兵祸之后，人心对于嗜欲的偏好，甚至比前明时期还要严重十倍。又增加了鸦片这一物品，耗损灼烧气血，熏烤脏腑，尤其能助长淫乱纵欲，奈何人们不爱惜生命，对此甘之如饴，最终导致残害生命、加速死亡，这是嗜好方面的一大变局。
医生作为人的儿子，应当知道古人有《儒门事亲》这本书，是有道理的。只是医理深奥，懂得医理的标准难以用来约束平庸之人；唯有侍奉病人之道，是贤者与愚者都应当共同知晓并必须履行的要点。如果父母偶尔染上疾病，做儿子的应当慎重选择良医，尽早调理治疗，不要等到病邪深入体内，从而损伤气血。药物一定要亲自检查，购买地道产地的上品，煎药时务必亲自看视，逐一核对药味，防止出错。教导他们煎药的方法，如需要发散表邪，用芦苇柴猛火急煎；如果是滋补类药物，用炭火慢煎等法。煎好后，亲自送到父母面前，温度适宜，斟酌妥善，不离左右，观察服药后是否有发汗或泻下的疗效，以及米饮、茶水等饮食，不要让它们失去秩序。千万不要委托给奴仆，徒有服药之名，却多有因错误带来的危害。若是突发的急性疾病，人尚且容易应对；若是年老体衰重病，年深日久，呻吟卧床，困倦难起。最痛苦的是大小便，需要人扶持、更换和清洗。每当夏季炎热酷暑，苍蝇蚊子聚集叮刺，冬季严寒，衣被的穿脱覆盖，以及饮食一切事宜，非有人照料不可。如果没有切己亲近的人在身旁当心侍候，那么晚年光阴，就如同牢狱中的岁月一样难熬。
做儿子的，应当想到父母生育我的辛劳。自身在襁褓中时，父母昼夜怀抱保护，就湿处而推干处给我，万般辛苦，毫无疏漏懈怠，以及出痧痘等疾病时，扶持保护，延请医生祈祷神灵，毕生的心力都憔悴耗尽在我出生之后。现在当父母年老患病，正是儿子报答根本的时候，有什么理由推辞劳碌侍奉呢？如果有大小便、痰涎污秽，切不可畏惧肮脏，必须亲自更换，随时检查，虽然不如古人尝粪便、割大腿肉那样的孝行，也应当效仿乌鸦反哺的心意。如果一概委托给奴仆，很难让他们真心实意地做事。况且这些人当面一套背后一套，而病人自知情形衰弱，苦况也多，隐忍不说。像这样，纵然有儿孙绕膝，也都属于虚名而无实际帮助。如果有诚实可靠的仆人，也必须由儿子亲身督促管理，优厚给予仆人犒赏。古话说：百善孝为先。人能尽一天的父母劳役，就得到一天的功行；能尽一两年的劳役，就得到一两年的功行，在这根本处用力，胜过一切善举万倍，又有什么害怕长期劳累疲惫的呢！
至于处境富贵不同，侍奉双亲的道理，并没有分别。如果是贫贱人家无力雇人，自己更应当加倍出力。凡是药物、饮食的费用，务必竭力筹措，因为拖累父母，也可以对人言说。果真能尽心纯孝，自然会感动上天，必定不会让父母终老于贫贱之中。如果是富贵人家，应当想到上天赐予美好境遇，如果不加倍尽孝，凭什么面对上天？如果把父母抛在脑后，任由他们痛苦呻吟，而自己拥着妻子和外家安睡，自己扪心自问，还算是人吗！况且根本既然亏损，恐怕富贵也难以久远了。又有兄弟多的家庭，应当各自尽力，切忌推诿责任。遇到妇女不知道尽孝，必须痛加教诲，千万不要溺爱、听信她们。我多次见到年老衰疾之人，被仆人欺骗；甚至在病危之际，抱持不慎，一跌倒而死的情况，人们大多没有察觉、不知道。要知道人人都有老的时候，代代子孙都在看榜样，为父母也就是为自己啊。
唉！人只要还有一口气在，都知道痛痒，在有限的时光里，竭尽心力。这比起死后知识全无，做法事、打醮、祭祀吊唁等虚文，徒然用有用的金钱，被僧道欺骗蒙蔽，益处该有多大呢！有父母的人，深思并努力实行，怎么可以忽视呢？
澜按：先生向来以孝顺闻名，以自己的心去揣度别人的心，大声疾呼，希望天下人都知道尽孝。只是近世富贵人家往往自我蒙蔽本源，只知道逢迎显贵，以图进取功名，置父母于不顾，我亲眼目睹心中悲伤，暂且隐去其名而不宣扬。我虽然仰慕先生的孝行，惭愧没有先生的学识，只愿稍微追随其后，聊尽作为儿子的心意罢了。
The ancients regarded simplicity and indifference to fame as their foundation, and their bodies were mostly strong; people today are indulged in desires and often become emaciated. Patients suffer from lingering illnesses; tracing the source of these diseases reveals that they all stem from a nature addicted to sexual pleasure. Before reaching the age of sixteen (two times eight), the essence pathways are already damaged, and the primordial root is exhausted first. Consequently, the six climatic pathogens (Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) and pestilential qi invade due to deficiency, and all diseases arise from an internally deficient constitution, making treatment not easy. Moreover, there are few good physicians in the world who do not understand the causes of disease, blindly administering herbal decoctions; many die not from the disease itself but at the hands of incompetent doctors. However, the source of disease is self-inflicted. If one can realize the harm of desires, observe the teachings of the Sages regarding "Seven Damages and Eight Benefits," be cautious against wind and cold, regulate diet, avoid craving rich wine, refrain from reckless overexertion, uphold ethical norms, and cultivate hidden virtue, then with a deep and solid root, the vital energy will naturally become robust, diseases will naturally decrease, and the lineage can be expected to last long. Those who reach the age of one hundred (Qiyi) or enjoy longevity are those gentlemen who guard their bodies like precious jade. Who gains and who loses? Is it not necessary to be cautious in details and prudent in subtleties? My heart is urgent in saving lives, so I specifically clarify this to warn others.
Lan notes: During the late Ming Dynasty, worldly sentiments and desires were already so frivolous and decadent. Now, separated by more than 190 years, after surviving famines and wars, people's inclination towards desires is even ten times worse than in the previous Ming era. Furthermore, the addition of opium consumes and burns vital energy and blood, scorches the Zang-Fu organs, and especially aids in lustful excess. Why do people disregard their lives and find such indulgence sweet, ultimately leading to self-destruction and hastened death? This is a major change in habits.
Physicians, being sons themselves, should know that the ancients wrote *Ru Men Shi Qin* (Confucian Family Services for Parents), which has its reasons. Medical principles are profound, and the standard of understanding medicine is difficult to apply to ordinary people; however, the way of attending to the sick is essential knowledge that both the wise and the foolish should share. If parents contract a disease, the son should carefully select a good physician and seek early treatment, not waiting for the pathogen to penetrate deeply and damage vital energy and blood. The herbs must be personally inspected, purchasing high-quality products from authentic sources. During decoction, one must personally supervise, checking each herb to prevent errors. Teach them the decoction methods: if dispersing exterior pathogens, use rush firewood and fierce heat; if tonifying, use charcoal fire for slow decoction, etc. After decoction, serve it personally to the parents, ensuring the temperature is appropriate, deliberating thoroughly, staying close by, observing whether sweating or purgation occurs, and managing rice drinks and tea without disorder. Do not delegate this to servants, which leads to the name of medication but the harm of errors. Acute diseases are relatively easy to handle; but for the elderly suffering from chronic, severe illness, lying groaning on pillows and beds, unable to rise easily, the most painful aspects are bowel and bladder functions, requiring assistance, changing, and cleaning. In summer heat, when flies and mosquitoes swarm and sting, and in winter cold, when clothes and quilts need covering and uncovering, and for all dietary matters, care is indispensable. Without a close person attending diligently, the twilight years would feel like imprisonment.
Sons should reflect on the toil of their parents' childbirth. When in swaddling clothes, parents hugged and protected day and night, shifting wet to dry, enduring countless hardships without negligence. During diseases like smallpox, they provided support and protection, consulted doctors, and prayed to deities, exhausting their life's mental and physical strength for my sake. Now, when parents are old and ill, it is precisely the time for sons to repay their roots. What excuse is there to shirk the labor of service? If there is urine, feces, or phlegm, one must not fear filth but change it personally, inspecting regularly. Although not matching the ancient acts of tasting feces or cutting flesh, one should emulate the crow's reverse-feeding piety. Delegating entirely to servants makes sincere effort unlikely. Moreover, these individuals may be duplicitous, while patients, knowing their weakness, endure much suffering silently. In such cases, even with grandchildren around the knees, it is merely a hollow name with no practical help. If honest servants are available, the son must personally supervise and reward them generously. As the saying goes: Filial piety is the first of all virtues. One day of serving parents yields one day of merit; one or two years yield one or two years of merit. Effort at this root surpasses all other good deeds by ten thousand times. Why fear long-term fatigue!
Whether poor or rich, the principle of serving parents remains the same. For the poor unable to hire help, one must exert oneself doubly. Regarding costs for herbs and food, strive to raise funds, acknowledging the burden on parents. True, pure filial piety will move Heaven, ensuring parents do not end in poverty. For the rich, consider that Heaven grants beautiful circumstances; without doubling filial efforts, how can one face Heaven? To cast parents aside, letting them groan in pain while sleeping comfortably with wife and in-laws—is one still human? Once the root is compromised, wealth is unlikely to last. In families with many brothers, each must contribute their share; avoiding buck-passing is crucial. Women ignorant of filial piety must be taught sternly; do not indulge or listen to them blindly. I have often seen elderly, sick people deceived by servants; some died from careless handling during critical illness, unnoticed by many. Remember, everyone grows old; generations watch examples. Serving parents is serving oneself.
Alas! As long as one breath remains, pain and itch are felt. Exerting full effort within limited time is far superior to post-death rituals—fasting, chanting, mourning—which are empty formalities wasting money on deceiving monks and Taoists. Those with parents should think deeply and act vigorously; how can this be ignored?
Lan notes: The Master was renowned for filial piety, using his own heart to gauge others', calling out loudly for all to practice filial piety. However, modern wealthy families often obscure their origins, only flattering the powerful for fame and office, neglecting parents. I witnessed this with a heavy heart and omit names. Though I admire the Master's piety and lack his scholarship, I wish to follow his example and fulfill my duty as a son.