味苦，平，无毒。主金疮内漏。冬至后百二十日采之。
实 主明目，心腹痿痹，除热，利小便。生道旁，四月采。一名菥 ，一名马朐，
一名刺原。又有枣针，疗腰痛，喉痹不通。
陶隐居云∶此一条又相违越，恐俚言多是，然复道其花一名菥 ，此恐别是一物，不关
枣针也。今俗人皆用天门冬苗，吾亦不许，门冬苗乃是好作饮，益人，正自不可当棘刺尔。
唐本注云∶棘有赤、白二种。亦犹诸棘色类非一，后条用花，斯不足怪。以江南无棘，李云
用棘针。天门冬苗一名颠棘，南人以代棘针，陶不许。今用棘刺，当用白者为佳。花即棘花，
定
南人昧于枣棘之别，所以同用棘条中也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注云∶棘有赤白二种。《切韵
》曰∶棘，小枣也。田野间多有之，丛高三、二尺，花、叶、茎、实俱似枣也。
图经文具白棘条下。
圣惠方∶治小儿一切疳。用刺针、瓜蒂等分末，吹入鼻中，日二。
\r猪苓\pd339.bmp\r
味甘、苦，平，无毒。主 （音皆）疟，解毒蛊疰不祥，利水道。久服轻身耐老。一名
猪屎。生衡山山谷及济阴冤句。二月、八月采，阴干。
陶隐居云∶是枫树苓，其皮至黑作块，似猪屎，故以名之。肉白而实者佳，用之削去黑
皮乃秤之。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏云∶猪苓，神农∶甘；雷公∶苦，无毒。司马彪注庄子云∶豕
橐，一名苓。根似猪矢，治渴。药性论云∶猪苓，臣，微热。解伤寒温疫大热，发汗，生肿
胀满，腹急痛。
图经曰∶猪苓，生衡山山谷及济阴冤句，今蜀州、眉州亦有之。旧说是枫木苓，今则不
必枫根下，乃有生土底，皮黑作块似猪粪，故以名之。又名地乌桃。二月、八月采，阴干。
削去皮，肉白而实者佳。《庄子》谓之豕橐。司马彪注云∶一名苓，根似猪矢，治渴。张仲
景治伤寒诸病在脏加渴者，猪苓汤主之。猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、滑石、阿胶各一两，以水四升，
煮四物，取二升，内胶。每服七合，日三。呕而思水者亦主之。又治消渴，脉浮，小便不利，
微热者，猪苓散发其汗。病欲饮水而复吐之为水逆，冬时寒嗽如疟状，亦与猪苓散，此即五
苓散也。猪苓、术、茯苓各三分，泽泻五分，桂二分，细捣筛，水服方寸匕，日三。多饮暖
水，汗出即愈。利水道诸汤剂无若此快，今人皆用之。又黄胆病及狐惑病，并猪苓散主之。
猪苓、茯苓、术等分，杵末，每服方寸匕，与水调下。今施州有一种刺猪苓，蔓生。春夏采
根，削皮焙干。彼土人用敷疮毒，殊效。云味甘，性凉，无毒。
唐本余∶去邪气。雷公云∶凡采得，用铜刀削上粗皮一重，薄切，下东流水浸一夜，至
明漉出，细切，以升麻对蒸一日，出，去升麻叶，令净，晒干用。外台秘要∶治妊娠患子淋。
猪苓五两，一味末，以白汤三合服方寸匕，渐至二匕，日三夜二，尽剂不瘥，宜转用之。又
方∶治小儿大便不通。猪苓一两，以水少许，煮鸡屎白一钱，调服，立瘥。子母秘录∶治妊
娠从脚上至腹肿，小便不利，微渴引饮。猪苓五两末，以熟水服方寸匕，日三服。杨氏产乳∶
疗通体遍身肿，小便不利。猪苓五两，捣筛，煎水三合。调服方寸匕，加至二匕。
衍义曰∶猪苓，行水之功多。久服必损肾气，昏人目。果欲久服者，更宜详审
【棘刺花】
味苦，性平，无毒。主治金创（金属利器造成的创伤）内部出血渗漏。在冬至后的一百二十天内采集。
果实：主治明目，治疗心腹部的痿痹（气血阻滞导致的肢体萎软或麻木疼痛），清除热邪，通利小便。生长在道路两旁，四月采集。又名菥蓂（一种植物名），又名马朐，又名刺原。还有一种叫枣针的，能治疗腰痛、喉痹不通（咽喉肿痛闭塞）。
陶隐居说：这一条记载前后矛盾，恐怕民间俗语多有谬误，但又说它的花又名菥蓂，这恐怕是另一种东西，与枣针无关。现在世俗之人多用天门冬苗代替，我也不允许，因为天门冬苗本是制作饮品的佳品，对人有益，确实不能替代棘刺。
《新修本草》注解说：棘有赤、白两种。也如同各种棘类颜色不止一种，后面条目中用花，这并不奇怪。因为江南地区没有棘，李云使用棘针。天门冬苗又名颠棘，南方人用它来代替棘针，陶弘景不赞同。现在使用的棘刺，应当以白色的为佳。花就是棘花，定论是南方人不清楚枣棘的区别，所以将其混用在棘条条目中。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本注》说：棘有赤白两种。《切韵》说：棘，是小枣树。田野间有很多，丛高三四尺，花、叶、茎、果实都像枣树。
《图经》在“白棘”条目下已详细说明。
《圣惠方》：治疗小儿各种疳积。用刺针、瓜蒂等分研末，吹入鼻中，每日两次。
【猪苓】
味甘、苦，性平，无毒。主治疟疾，解毒蛊疰（由寄生虫或疫气引起的慢性消耗性疾病）及不祥之症，通利水道。长期服用可轻身抗衰老。又名猪屎。生长在衡山山谷及济阴冤句。二月、八月采集，阴干。
陶隐居说：这是枫树下的茯苓，其皮极黑成块状，像猪屎，所以以此命名。肉质白且坚实的为佳，使用时削去黑皮再称量。臣禹锡等人谨按吴氏说：猪苓，神农认为味甘；雷公认为味苦，无毒。司马彪注释《庄子》说：豕橐，又名苓。根像猪屎，治疗口渴。《药性论》说：猪苓，属臣药，微热。能解伤寒温疫的大热，发汗，治疗生肿胀满闷、腹部急痛。
《图经》说：猪苓，生长在衡山山谷及济阴冤句，现在蜀州、眉州也有。旧说是枫木苓，现在不一定在枫根下生长，而是生在土底，皮黑成块像猪粪，所以以此命名。又名地乌桃。二月、八月采集，阴干。削去皮，肉质白且坚实的为佳。《庄子》称之为豕橐。司马彪注释说：又名苓，根像猪屎，治疗口渴。张仲景治疗伤寒诸病在脏且出现口渴症状的，用猪苓汤主治。猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、滑石、阿胶各一两，用水四升，煮前四味药，取二升汁液，加入阿胶烊化。每次服用七合，每日三次。呕吐且想喝水的也主治此方。又治疗消渴，脉浮，小便不利，微热的，用猪苓散发其汗。病人想喝水却随即呕吐的称为水逆证，冬季寒冷咳嗽如疟疾状的，也用猪苓散，这就是五苓散。猪苓、白术、茯苓各三分，泽泻五分，桂二分，细捣筛过，用水送服方寸匕，每日三次。多喝暖水，出汗即愈。利水道的汤剂没有比这个更快的，现在人们都使用它。又有黄疸病及狐惑病，都用猪苓散主治。猪苓、茯苓、白术等分，杵碎研末，每次服用方寸匕，用水调服。现在施州有一种刺猪苓，蔓生。春夏采集根部，削皮焙干。当地百姓用它敷治疮毒，效果显著。据说味甘，性凉，无毒。
《新修本草》补充：去除邪气。雷公说：凡是采得，用铜刀削去外层粗皮一层，薄切，放入东流水中浸泡一夜，到第二天捞出，细切，用升麻相对蒸一日，取出，去掉升麻叶，令其干净，晒干使用。《外台秘要》：治疗妊娠患子淋（妊娠期小便淋漓涩痛）。猪苓五两，单味研末，用开水三合送服方寸匕，逐渐增至二匕，每日三次夜间两次，服完一剂若不好转，宜改用其他方法。又一方：治疗小儿大便不通。猪苓一两，用水少许，煮鸡屎白一钱，调服，立即痊愈。《子母秘录》：治疗妊娠从脚上至腹部肿胀，小便不利，微渴引饮。猪苓五两研末，用熟水送服方寸匕，每日三次。《杨氏产乳》：治疗全身遍身肿，小便不利。猪苓五两，捣筛，煎水三合。调服方寸匕，加至二匕。
[Spina Jujubae Flos / Spine Flower]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats internal leakage from metal weapon injuries (Jin Chuang). Collection time: Collected within 120 days after the Winter Solstice.
Fruit: Indications: Improves vision, treats Wei-bi (flaccidity and numbness) in the heart and abdomen, clears heat, promotes urination. Habitat: Grows by roadsides. Collection time: Collected in April. Aliases: Xi Ming (a plant name), Ma Qu, Ci Yuan. Another variety called Zao Zhen is used to treat lower back pain and Hou Bi (sore throat with obstruction).
Tao Hongjing stated: This entry contains contradictions; likely many folk sayings are erroneous. However, it mentions that its flower is also called Xi Ming, which might refer to a different substance unrelated to Zao Zhen. Currently, people commonly use Asparagus cochinchinensis vine (Tianmendong Miao) as a substitute, but I do not approve. Tianmendong Miao is good for making beverages and benefits the body, but it cannot truly replace Spina Jujubae.
Xinxiu Bencao annotation states: There are red and white varieties of Ji (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa). Just as there are various colors among thorny plants, using the flower in subsequent entries is not surprising. Since Ji does not grow in Jiangnan, Li Yun uses Ji needles. Asparagus cochinchinensis vine is also called Dian Ji, and Southerners use it to replace Ji needles, which Tao Hongjing disapproved. For current use of Ji Ci (spines), the white variety is preferred. The flower is indeed the flower of Ji. It is concluded that Southerners confuse Zao (jujube) and Ji, hence they are mixed in the entry for Ji branches. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully noted according to Shuben Bencao annotation: There are red and white varieties of Ji. Qieyun states: Ji is a small jujube tree. It is abundant in fields, growing in clumps three or two chi high, with flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits resembling those of the jujube tree.
Tu Jing has detailed this under the entry "Bai Ji" (White Ji).
Shenghui Fang: Treats all types of Gan syndrome (malnutrition syndrome) in children. Use equal parts of Ci Zhen (thorn needle) and Gua Di (seed of Trichosanthes kirilowii) ground into powder, insufflated into the nose twice daily.
[Poria]
Taste: Sweet, Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Nue (malaria), detoxifies Gu Zhu (chronic wasting disease caused by parasites or epidemic qi) and inauspicious conditions, promotes water passage. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Alias: Zhu Shi (pig dung). Habitat: Grows in valleys of Hengshan Mountain and Yuanju of Ji Yin. Collection time: Collected in February and August, dried in shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: This is Poria growing under maple trees. Its skin is extremely black and block-like, resembling pig dung, hence the name. The flesh should be white and solid for best quality. When used, the black skin must be peeled off before weighing. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully noted according to Wu Shi: Shen Nong considered Poria sweet; Lei Gong considered it bitter and non-toxic. Sima Bao's commentary on Zhuangzi states: Shi Tuo, also known as Ling. The root resembles pig dung and treats thirst. Yaoxing Lun states: Poria is a subordinate herb, slightly hot. It resolves severe heat from Shanghan (cold damage) and Wen Yi (warm epidemics), induces sweating, and treats swelling, fullness, and acute abdominal pain.
Tu Jing stated: Poria grows in valleys of Hengshan Mountain and Yuanju of Ji Yin; it is now also found in Shu Zhou and Mei Zhou. Old theories claim it is Maple Wood Ling, but currently it does not necessarily grow under maple roots; it can grow at the bottom of the soil, with black block-like skin resembling pig manure, hence the name. Also known as Di Wu Tao. Collected in February and August, dried in shade. Peel the skin; the whiter and more solid the flesh, the better. Zhuangzi calls it Shi Tuo. Sima Bao's commentary states: Also known as Ling, the root resembles pig dung and treats thirst. Zhang Zhongjing uses Zhu Ling Tang (Poria Decoction) to treat various Shanghan diseases where the pathogen is in the zang organs and thirst occurs. Ingredients: Zhu Ling (Poria), Fu Ling (Poria cocos), Ze Xie (Alisma rhizome), Hua Shi (Talcum), E Jiao (Donkey-hide gelatin) each one liang. Boil the first four ingredients in four sheng of water to obtain two sheng, then dissolve the gelatin. Take seven he per dose, three times daily. It also treats cases of vomiting with desire for water. It further treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst) with floating pulse, difficulty in urination, and slight fever, using Zhu Ling San to induce sweating. If the patient desires water but vomits immediately after drinking, it is called Shui Ni (water rebellion); in winter, cold cough resembling malaria is also treated with Zhu Ling San, which is actually Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Ingredients: Zhu Ling, Bai Zhu (Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome), Fu Ling each three fen, Ze Xei five fen, Gui (Cinnamon twig) two fen. Fine grind and sieve, take one fang cun bi with water, three times daily. Drink plenty of warm water; recovery follows sweating. No other diuretic decoction acts as swiftly as this; it is widely used today. It also treats Huang Dan Bing (jaundice) and Hu Huo Bing (fox confusion disease/aphthous stomatitis), treated with Zhu Ling San. Ingredients: Zhu Ling, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu in equal parts, pounded into powder. Take one fang cun bi, mixed with water. In Shi Zhou, there is a variety called Ci Zhu Ling, which grows as a vine. Roots are collected in spring and summer, peeled and baked dry. Locals use it to apply to sores and toxins with remarkable effect. It is said to be sweet in taste, cool in nature, and non-toxic.
Xinxiu Bencao supplement: Removes evil qi. Lei Gong stated: Upon collection, use a copper knife to peel off the outer coarse skin layer, slice thinly, soak overnight in running water from the east, drain the next day, cut finely, steam against Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga rhizome) for one day, remove Sheng Ma leaves, clean thoroughly, and sun-dry for use. Waitai Miyao: Treats Zi Lin (dysuria during pregnancy). Zhu Ling five liang, single ingredient ground into powder, taken with three he of boiling water, starting with one fang cun bi, gradually increasing to two bi, three times daily and two times at night. If the full dose does not cure, change the treatment. Another prescription: Treats constipation in children. Zhu Ling one liang, boiled with a small amount of water with one qian of Ji Si Bai (white part of chicken feces), mixed and taken; cure is immediate. Zimu Milu: Treats pregnancy edema from feet to abdomen, difficulty in urination, slight thirst with desire to drink. Zhu Ling five liang ground into powder, taken with cooked water, one fang cun bi, three times daily. Yangshi Chanru: Treats generalized edema and difficulty in urination. Zhu Ling five liang, pounded and sieved, decocted in three he of water. Mixed and taken, one fang cun bi, increased to two bi.
Yanyi stated: Zhu Ling has strong diuretic effects. Long-term consumption will inevitably damage Kidney Qi and cloud the eyes. If one insists on long-term use, careful consideration is required.