无毒，主石淋。此是患石淋人或于溺中出者，如小石，水磨服之，当得碎石随溺出。
（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶淋石，暖。
陈藏器云∶溺中出，正如小石，非他物也，候出时收之，淋为用最佳也。又主噎病吐食，
俗
味苦、辛，大寒，无毒。主胸中留热，结气，黄胆，通血脉，去蛊毒。一名黄石。生方
山。采无时。（恶巴豆。）
陶隐居云∶按《本经》长石一名方石，疗体亦相似，疑是此也。唐本注云∶此石性冷，
疗热
不减石膏也。今注此物大体与石膏相似，唯不附石而生，端然独处，形块大小不定，或在土
中，或生溪水，得之敲破皆方解，故以为名。今沙州大鸟山出者佳。
图经文具石膏条下。
治食积不消，留滞在脏腑，宿食症块久不瘥及小儿食积羸瘦，妇人积年食症，攻刺心
腹。得 砂、巴豆、大黄、京三棱余等良。可作丸服用之，细研为粉。一名青礞石。（新定）
\r姜石\pd60.bmp\r
味咸，寒，无毒。主热豌豆疮，疔毒等肿。生土石间，状如姜，有五种色，白者最良
，所在有之，以烂不碜（插荏切）者好，齐州历城东者良。（唐本先附）
图经曰∶姜石，生土石间，齐州历城来者良，所在亦有，今唯出齐州。其状如姜，有五
种，
用色白者，以烂而不碜者好。采无时。崔氏疗疔肿，单用白姜石末，和鸡子清敷之，疔自出
。乳痈涂之亦善。大凡石类，多主痈疽，北齐马嗣明医杨遵彦背疮，取粗理黄石如鹅卵大，
猛烈
火烧令赤，内碱醋中，因有屑落醋里，频烧淬石，至尽，取屑曝干，捣筛和醋涂之，立愈。
刘禹锡谓之炼石法∶用之敷疮肿无不愈者。世人又传麦饭石亦治发背疮。麦饭石者，粗黄白
，类麦饭，曾作磨 者尤佳。中岳山人吕子华方云∶取此石碎如棋子，炭火烧赤，投米醋中
浸之，良久又烧，如此十遍，鹿角一具连脑骨者，二、三寸截之，炭火烧令烟出即止，白蔹
末与石末等分，鹿角倍之，三物同杵筛，令精细，取三年米醋，于铛中煎如鱼眼沸，即下前
药调和，令如寒食饧，以篦敷于肿上，唯留肿头如指面，勿令有药，使热气得泄，如未有肿
脓，即当内消，若已作头，即撮令小。其病久，得此膏，直至肌肉烂落出筋骨者，即于细布
上
涂之，贴于疮上，干即易之，但中隔不穴者，即无不瘥。其疮肿时，切禁手触，其效极神异
。此方，孙思邈《千金月令》已有之，与此大同小异，但此本论说稍备耳。又水中圆石，治
背上忽肿，渐如盘子，不识名者，以水中圆石一、两碗，烧令极热，泻入清水中，沸定后洗
肿处，立瘥。
外台秘要∶救急治乳痈肿如碗大，痛甚。取白姜石捣末一、二升，用鸡子白和如饧敷肿
上，干易之，此方频试验佳。
衍义曰∶姜石，所在皆有，须不见日色，旋取微白者佳。治丁肿殊效。
【姜石】
性味无毒，主治石淋（泌尿系结石病）。这种石头是患石淋的人在小便中排出的，形状像小石子，用水磨成粉服用，应当能使碎石随小便排出。
（新附）
臣禹锡等人谨按：日华子说∶淋石，性暖。
陈藏器说∶从小便中排出，正如小石子一样，不是其他东西，等到排出时收集起来，治疗淋证效果最佳。又主治噎膈病呕吐食物。
【黄石】
味苦、辛，大寒，无毒。主治胸中郁热，气机结滞，黄疸，通利血脉，去除蛊毒。又名黄石。产于方山。采集没有固定时间。（畏巴豆。）
陶弘景说∶据《神农本草经》记载，长石又名方石，治疗作用也相似，怀疑就是这种药。唐代《新修本草》注解说∶这种石头性质寒冷，治疗热病的效果不亚于石膏。现在注释认为此物大体与石膏相似，只是不依附岩石而生，独立存在，形状块大小不定，有的在土中，有的生于溪水中，得到后敲开都是方形解理，所以以此命名。现在沙州大鸟山出产的最好。
《图经本草》已在石膏条下详细记载。
【青礞石】
治疗食积不消化，停滞在脏腑，宿食症块长久不愈以及小儿食积导致身体消瘦，妇人多年食积症块，攻刺心腹疼痛。配合硝石、巴豆、大黄、京三棱等使用很好。可以制成丸剂服用，细研为粉末。又名青礞石。（新定）
【姜石】
味咸，寒，无毒。主治热毒豌豆疮，疔疮等肿痛。生长在土石之间，形状像生姜，有五种颜色，白色的是最好的，各地都有，以质地松软不粗糙（插荏切）的好，齐州历城出产的质量好。（唐代《新修本草》先列为附录）
《图经本草》说∶姜石，生长在土石之间，从齐州历城运来的质量好，各地也有，现在只有齐州出产。其形状像生姜，有五种，用白色的，以质地松软不粗糙的好。采集没有固定时间。崔氏治疗疔疮肿痛，单用白姜石粉末，调和鸡蛋清敷贴，疔疮自然会排出。乳痈涂抹也很好。大凡石类药物，多主治痈疽，北齐马嗣明医治杨遵彦的背疮，取纹理粗糙的黄石如鹅卵大小，猛烈火烧至通红，放入碱醋中，于是有碎屑落入醋里，反复烧红淬入醋中，直到石尽，取出碎屑晒干，捣碎过筛后和醋调匀涂抹，立刻痊愈。刘禹锡称之为炼石法∶用它敷治疮肿没有不愈的。世人又传说麦饭石也能治疗发背疮。麦饭石，粗看黄白色，类似麦饭，曾经用作磨具的尤其好。中岳山人吕子华的方子说∶取这种石头碎成棋子大小，用炭火烧红，投入米醋中浸泡，很久后再烧，如此重复十遍，取鹿角一副连着脑骨的，切成二、三寸段，用炭火烧至冒烟即止，白蔹粉末与石末各一半，鹿角加倍，三样东西一起杵碎过筛，令其精细，取三年陈米醋，在锅中煎至像鱼眼般沸腾，就加入前面的药调和，使其像寒食饧糖一样稠，用篦子敷在肿胀处，只留出肿头顶端如手指面大小，不要让药覆盖，使热气得以发散，如果还没有形成脓头，就会自然消散，如果已经形成脓头，就撮小它。如果病程久，得到这个膏药，直到肌肉腐烂脱落露出筋骨的情况，就在细布上涂上药，贴在疮口上，干了就更换，只要中间不穿孔，就没有不治愈的。疮肿期间，切忌用手触摸，疗效极其神异。这个方子，孙思邈《千金月令》中已有记载，与此大同小异，只是这个版本论述稍微完备一些。又水中圆石，治疗背上突然肿胀，逐渐像盘子大，不知名称的，取水中圆石一、两碗，烧至极热，倒入清水中，水沸定后清洗肿胀处，立刻痊愈。
《外台秘要》∶急救治疗乳痈肿胀如碗大，疼痛剧烈。取白姜石捣成粉末一、二升，用蛋清调和如饴糖状敷在肿胀处，干了就更换，这个方子频繁验证效果佳。
《衍义》说∶姜石，各地都有，必须是不见日光的，现取微白色的为好。治疗疔疮特别有效。
[Jiangshi]
Nature and flavor: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats stone strangury (lithuria). This stone is expelled by patients with stone strangury in their urine, resembling small stones. When ground with water and taken orally, it should cause the fragmented stones to be discharged with the urine.
(Newly added)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Rihua Zi stated that Linshi has a warm nature.
Chen Cangqi stated: It is expelled from the urine, exactly like small stones, not other substances. Collect it when it is expelled; it is best for treating strangury. It also treats dysphagia with vomiting of food.
[Huangshi]
Flavor: Bitter, pungent. Nature: Very cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats residual heat in the chest, qi stagnation, jaundice, unblocks blood vessels, removes gu poison. Another name: Huangshi. Habitat: Fangshan. Collection: No fixed time. (Incompatible with Crotonis Fructus [Badou].)
Tao Hongjing stated: According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Changshi is also called Fangshi, and its therapeutic effects are similar; I suspect this is the same substance. The Tang Dynasty commentary notes: This stone has a cold nature, and its treatment of heat conditions is no less effective than Gypsum Fibrosum [Shigao]. Current annotation suggests this substance is generally similar to Gypsum Fibrosum, except it does not grow attached to rocks but stands alone. Its block sizes vary; it may be found in soil or born in streams. Upon breaking, it always splits into square fragments, hence its name. Those from Daoniao Mountain in Shazhou are the best.
*Tujing* details are recorded under the entry for Gypsum Fibrosum [Shigao].
[Qingmengshi]
Indications: Treats undigested food accumulation, stagnation in the zang-fu organs, long-standing food retention masses that do not heal, children's malnutrition due to food accumulation, and women's chronic food retention masses attacking the heart and abdomen. Used with Nitrum [Xiaoshi], Crotonis Fructus [Badou], Rheum Palmatum [Dahuang], and Curcumae Radix [Jingsanleng], etc., it is excellent. It can be made into pills and taken; grind finely into powder. Another name: Qingmengshi. (Newly defined)
[Jiangshi]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats hot pea sores, carbuncles, and other swellings. Habitat: Grows between earth and stone. Appearance: Resembles ginger. There are five types/colors; white is the best. It is found everywhere. Quality: Soft texture without grittiness (pronounced 'cha ren') is good; those from Licheng, Qizhou are superior. (Listed as an appendix in the Tang Dynasty text.)
*Tujing* states: Jiangshi grows between earth and stone; those from Licheng, Qizhou are superior. It is found elsewhere, but currently only produced in Qizhou. Its shape resembles ginger, with five varieties. Use the white ones; soft texture without grittiness is preferred. Collection: No fixed time. Cui Shi treated carbuncle swelling by using only white Jiangshi powder mixed with egg white applied topically; the carbuncle would naturally discharge. It is also good for mastitis. Generally, stone-type herbs mostly treat carbuncles and ulcers. Ma Siming of Northern Qi treated Yang Zunyan's back ulcer by taking coarse-textured Huangshi the size of a goose egg, heating it fiercely until red, quenching it in alkali vinegar, causing flakes to fall into the vinegar. Repeatedly heating and quenching until exhausted, then drying the flakes, grinding and sieving them, and mixing with vinegar for topical application resulted in immediate cure. Liu Yuxi called this the "Refined Stone Method": applying it to sores and swellings ensures healing. People also claim Maifanshi (Maifan Stone) treats back carbuncles. Maifanshi is coarse yellow-white, resembling wheat rice; those used as millstones are especially good. Lü Zihua, a hermit from Mount Zhong, prescribed: Crush this stone into chess-piece sized pieces, heat red in charcoal fire, soak in rice vinegar, reheat, repeating ten times. Take one set of deer horn including the skull bone, cut into 2-3 cun segments, burn in charcoal fire until smoke appears, then stop. Mix equal parts of Peucedani Radix [Bailian] powder and stone powder, double the amount of deer horn. Pound and sieve the three ingredients finely. Take three-year-old rice vinegar, boil in a pan until bubbling like fish eyes, add the prepared medicines, mix to a consistency like cold-food syrup. Apply with a comb to the swelling, leaving the tip exposed like a finger-nail size, allowing heat to vent. If no pus head has formed, it will resolve internally; if a head has formed, reduce its size. For chronic cases where flesh rots exposing bone, apply this plaster on fine cloth to the sore, changing when dry. As long as the skin is not perforated, it will surely heal. During the swelling phase, strictly avoid touching with hands; the effect is miraculous. This prescription was already in Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Yueling*, largely similar but slightly more detailed here. Also, round stones from water treat sudden back swelling spreading like a plate. Take one or two bowls of round stones from water, heat extremely hot, pour into clear water. After boiling settles, wash the swollen area; it heals immediately.
*Waitai Miyao*: Emergency treatment for mastitis swelling the size of a bowl, severe pain. Take 1-2 sheng of white Jiangshi powder, mix with egg white to a syrupy consistency, apply to swelling, change when dry. This formula has been frequently tested and proven excellent.
*Yanyi* states: Jiangshi is found everywhere; obtain it avoiding sunlight, freshly picked and slightly white is best. It is particularly effective for treating carbuncles.