\r牛膝（为君）\pd75.bmp\r
味苦、酸，平，无毒。主寒湿痿痹，四肢拘挛，膝痛不可屈伸，逐血气，伤热
火烂，堕胎，疗伤中少气，男子阴消，老人失溺，补中续绝，填骨髓，除脑中痛及腰脊痛，
妇人月水不通，血结，益精，利阴气，止发白。久服轻身耐老。一名百倍。生河内川谷及临
朐。二月、八月、十月采根，阴干。（恶萤火、陆英、龟甲，畏白前。）
陶隐居云∶今出近道蔡州者最长大，柔润，其茎有节似牛膝，故以为名也。乃云有雌雄，
雄
KT
烂黑黯。其十月以后至正月，乃可阴干。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶牛膝，臣，忌牛肉。能
治阴
痿，补肾填精，逐恶血流结，助十二经脉。病患虚羸，加而用之。日华子云∶牛膝，治腰膝
软怯冷弱，被症结，排脓止痛，产后心腹痛并血晕，落死胎，壮阳。怀州者长白，近道苏州
者色紫。
图经曰∶牛膝，生河内川谷及临朐，今江、淮、闽、粤、关中亦有之，然不及怀州者为
真。
生苗，茎高二、三尺，青紫色，有节如鹤膝，又如牛膝状，以此名之。叶尖圆如匙，两两相
对。于节上生花作穗，秋结实甚细。此有二种∶茎紫节大者为雄。青细者为雌。二月、八月
、十月采根，阴干。根极长大而柔润者佳。茎叶亦可单用。葛洪治老疟久不断者，取茎叶一
把，切，以酒三升渍服，令微有酒气，不即断，更作，不过三剂止。唐·崔元亮《海上方》
治疟用水煮牛膝根，未发前服。今福州人单用土牛膝根，净洗，切，焙干，捣，下筛，酒煎
，温服，云治妇人血块极效。
雷公云∶凡使，去头并尘土了，用黄精自然汁浸一宿，漉出，细锉，焙干用之。圣惠方∶
治
眼卒
生珠管。牛膝并叶捣绞取汁，日三、四度点之。又方∶治气湿痹腰膝痛。用牛膝叶一斤切，
以
米三合，于豉汁中相和，煮作粥，和盐、酱，空腹食之。外台秘要∶治劳疟积久不断者。长
生
牛膝一握，切，以水六升，煮取二升，分二服，未发前服，临发又一服。千金方∶治妇人小
户
嫁痛。牛膝五两，酒三升，煮取一升半，去滓，分作三服。又方∶治风瘙瘾疹。牛膝末，酒
服方
寸匕，日三。并主骨疽癞病及 。肘后方∶口中及舌上生疮烂。取牛膝酒渍，含渐之
，无酒
者，空含亦佳。又方∶治卒暴症，腹中有如石刺，昼夜啼呼。牛膝二斤，以酒一斗渍，密封
，
热灰火中温令味出。服五合至一升，量力服之。又方∶治齿痛，牛膝末着齿间含之。又方∶
凡痢
下应先白后赤，若先赤后白为肠蛊。牛膝三两捣碎，以酒一升渍，经一宿。每服饮一、两杯
，日三服。又方∶治小便不利，茎中痛欲死，兼治妇人血结腹坚痛。牛膝一大把并叶，不以
多
少，酒煮饮之，立愈。经验后方∶治消渴不止，下元虚损。牛膝五两，细锉为末，生地黄汁
五
升浸，昼曝夜浸，汗尽为度，蜜丸梧桐子大，空心温酒下三十丸。久服壮筋骨，驻颜色，黑
发，津液自完。梅师方∶治竹木针在肉中不出。取生牛膝茎捣末，涂之即出。又方∶治胞衣
不出
。牛膝八两，葵子一两。以水九升，煎取三升，分三服。又方∶治金疮痛所。生牛膝捣敷疮
上
，立瘥。孙真人食忌治牙齿疼痛，烧牛膝根灰致牙齿间。又方∶治卒得恶疮，人不识者。以
牛膝根捣敷之。
衍义曰∶牛膝，今西京作畦种，有长三尺者最佳。与苁蓉酒浸服，益肾。竹木刺入肉，
嚼烂
味苦、酸，性平，无毒。主治寒湿引起的痿痹（肢体软弱无力、关节疼痛麻木），四肢拘挛（肌肉痉挛收缩），膝盖疼痛且无法屈伸；能驱除瘀血和病邪之气，治疗因热毒火邪导致的皮肤溃烂，具有堕胎作用；治疗中气不足导致的气短，男子阴部萎缩，老人遗尿或失禁；能补益中焦，接续断绝之筋骨，填补骨髓，消除头脑中的疼痛及腰脊疼痛；治疗妇女月经不通、血液凝结，能增益精气，利导阴气，止住头发变白。长期服用可使身体轻盈并延缓衰老。又名“百倍”。产于河内川谷及临朐等地。二月、八月、十月采集根部，阴干。（忌与萤火虫、陆英、龟甲同用，畏白前。）
陶隐居说：现在出产于附近蔡州的牛膝最为粗大长壮，质地柔润。其茎有节，形状像牛的膝盖，所以以此命名。又说它有雌雄之分，雄性的颜色黑而黯淡。十月以后到正月，才可以阴干。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：牛膝，属臣药，忌食牛肉。能治疗阳痿，补肾填精，驱除恶血和血结，助益十二经脉。对于身体虚弱消瘦的病人，加入使用。日华子说：牛膝，治疗腰膝软弱冷痛，症瘕积聚，排脓止痛，产后心腹疼痛及血晕，落死胎，壮阳。怀州产的牛膝根色白，附近苏州产的色紫。
《图经》说：牛膝，生于河内川谷及临朐，现在江淮、闽粤、关中也有出产，但都不如怀州产的为真品。植株生长后，茎高二三尺，青紫色，有节像鹤的膝盖，又像牛膝的样子，因此得名。叶子尖圆像勺子，两两相对。在节上生花成穗，秋天结籽非常细小。这有两种：茎紫、节大的为雄性；青色细的为雌性。二月、八月、十月采集根部，阴干。根部极长大且柔润的为佳。茎叶也可以单独使用。葛洪治疗老疟疾久治不愈者，取茎叶一把，切碎，用三升酒浸泡服用，令身体微有酒气，如果病未立即停止，再制作服用，不超过三剂即可停止。唐代崔元亮《海上方》治疗疟疾，用水煮牛膝根，在发作前服用。现在福州人单用土牛膝根，洗净，切碎，焙干，捣碎过筛，用酒煎服，据说治疗妇人血块极其有效。
雷公说：凡使用牛膝，去掉头部和尘土后，用黄精的自然汁浸泡一夜，滤出，细细切碎，焙干后使用。《圣惠方》：治疗眼睛突然长出珠管（眼疾）。将牛膝及其叶子捣碎绞取汁液，每天三四次点眼。又一方：治疗气湿痹阻引起的腰膝疼痛。用牛膝叶一斤切碎，与米三合，在豆豉汁中混合，煮成粥，加盐、酱调味，空腹食用。《外台秘要》：治疗劳疟积久不愈者。取长生牛膝一握，切碎，用水六升，煮取二升，分两次服用，在发作前服用，临发作时再服一次。《千金方》：治疗妇人小户嫁痛（妇科隐痛）。牛膝五两，酒三升，煮取一升半，去渣，分三次服用。又一方：治疗风瘙瘾疹（风团瘙痒）。牛膝末，用酒送服方寸匕，每天三次。均主治骨疽癞病及……《肘后方》：口腔及舌上生疮溃烂。取牛膝用酒浸泡，含漱慢慢咽下，没有酒的，空含也很好。又一方：治疗突发症瘕，腹中有如石头刺入般疼痛，昼夜啼哭呼叫。牛膝二斤，用酒一斗浸泡，密封，放在热灰火中温浸使药味渗出。每次服五合至一升，根据体力服用。又一方：治疗牙痛，将牛膝末置于齿间含化。又一方：凡是痢疾，应先下白便后下红便，若先红后白则为肠蛊。牛膝三两捣碎，用酒一升浸泡，经过一夜。每次饮一、两杯，每天三次。又一方：治疗小便不利，尿道疼痛欲死，兼治妇人血结腹部坚硬疼痛。牛膝一大把连同叶子，不论多少，用酒煮饮，立刻痊愈。《经验后方》：治疗消渴不止，下元虚损。牛膝五两，细细切碎为末，用生地黄汁五升浸泡，白天暴晒晚上浸泡，直到汁液被吸尽为止，制成梧桐子大小的蜜丸，空心时用温酒送服三十丸。长期服用可强壮筋骨，保持容颜，黑发，津液自然完备。《梅师方》：治疗竹木针扎入肉中出不来。取生牛膝茎捣成末，涂抹患处即出。又一方：治疗胞衣不出（胎盘滞留）。牛膝八两，葵子一两。用水九升，煎取三升，分三次服用。又一方：治疗金疮疼痛之处。将生牛膝捣碎敷在疮上，立刻痊愈。孙真人《食忌》治疗牙齿疼痛，烧牛膝根成灰，填入齿间。又一方：治疗突然得到恶疮，人不认识者。用牛膝根捣碎敷之。
Achyranthes Bidentata (as the Sovereign herb)
Taste: bitter, sour. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats wind-cold-dampness Bi syndrome (painful obstruction due to cold and dampness), flaccidity and paralysis, limb contracture, knee pain with inability to flex or extend; expels blood stasis and pathogenic qi, treats skin ulceration caused by heat-fire toxicity, induces abortion, treats shortness of breath due to deficiency of middle-jian qi, atrophy of the male genitals, urinary incontinence in the elderly; tonifies the middle, reconnects severed tendons and bones, fills the marrow, eliminates headache and lower back/spine pain; treats amenorrhea and blood stagnation in women, benefits essence, promotes yin qi, stops premature graying of hair. Long-term use makes the body light and delays aging. Also known as "Bai Bei" (Hundred Times). Grows in river valleys of Henei and Linqu. Roots are harvested in the second, eighth, and tenth lunar months and dried in the shade. (Avoid using together with Firefly [Luminiscens], Luying [Euphorbia lathyris], and Tortoise Shell [Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum]; fears Baqian [Adenophorae Radix].)
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, Achyranthes produced in Caizhou nearby is the largest and longest, soft and moist. Its stem has nodes resembling a cow's knee, hence the name. It is said to have male and female varieties; the male variety is black and dull. It can be dried in the shade from October to January. Chen Yuxi and others, according to *Yaoxing Lun* (Treatise on Drug Properties), noted: Achyranthes is a Minister herb; beef should be avoided. It can treat impotence, tonify the kidneys and fill essence, expel bad blood and blood clots, and assist the twelve meridians. For patients who are weak and emaciated, it should be added to prescriptions. Ri Huazi stated: Achyranthes treats soreness, weakness, and coldness of the waist and knees, masses and accumulations, discharges pus and relieves pain, postpartum abdominal pain and blood vertigo, expulsion of dead fetus, and strengthens yang. Achyranthes from Huaizhou is white; that from Suzhou nearby is purple.
*Tujing* (Illustrated Classic) stated: Achyranthes grows in river valleys of Henei and Linqu. It is now also found in Jianghuai, Minyue, and Guanzhong, but none compare to those from Huaizhou as authentic. After sprouting, the stem is two to three chi high, greenish-purple, with nodes like a crane's knee or a cow's knee, thus named. Leaves are pointed and round like spoons, opposite each other. Flowers form spikes at the nodes, bearing very fine seeds in autumn. There are two types: those with purple stems and large nodes are male; those with green and thin stems are female. Roots are harvested in the second, eighth, and tenth lunar months and dried in the shade. Roots that are extremely long, large, and moist are best. Stems and leaves can also be used alone. Ge Hong treated chronic malaria that persisted for a long time by taking a handful of stems and leaves, chopping them, soaking them in three sheng of wine, and drinking until a slight alcoholic warmth was felt. If the malaria did not stop immediately, repeat the preparation; no more than three doses would suffice. Tang Dynasty Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* (Sea Upper Formulas) treated malaria by boiling Achyranthes roots in water and taking them before an attack. Currently, people in Fuzhou use only wild Achyranthes roots, washed clean, chopped, baked dry, pounded, and sifted, then decocted in wine and taken warm, claiming it is extremely effective for treating blood masses in women.
Lei Gong stated: When using Achyranthes, remove the head and dirt, soak overnight in the natural juice of Polygonatum multiflorum (Huangjing), drain, finely chop, bake dry, and use. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats sudden formation of pearl-like growths in the eyes. Pound and squeeze juice from Achyranthes and its leaves, apply to the eyes three to four times daily. Another formula: Treats lumbar and knee pain due to wind-damp-bi. Use one jin of chopped Achyranthes leaves, mix with three he of rice in fermented soybean juice, cook into porridge, season with salt and sauce, and eat on an empty stomach. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats chronic malaria that persists. Take a handful of Changsheng Achyranthes, chop, boil in six sheng of water to obtain two sheng, divide into two doses, take before the attack, and one dose right before the attack. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats minor marital pain in women (gynecological hidden pain). Five liang of Achyranthes, three sheng of wine, boil to obtain one and a half sheng, strain, divide into three doses. Another formula: Treats wind-induced urticaria. Powdered Achyranthes, taken with wine, one fang cun bi per dose, three times daily. Both primarily treat bone abscesses, leprosy, and... *Zhouhou Fang*: Treats sores and ulcerations in the mouth and on the tongue. Soak Achyranthes in wine, hold in the mouth and swallow gradually. Without wine, holding it plain is also good. Another formula: Treats sudden mass accumulation, abdominal pain like stone piercing, crying and calling day and night. Two jin of Achyranthes, soak in one dou of wine, seal tightly, warm in hot ash fire to extract the flavor. Take five he to one sheng, according to tolerance. Another formula: Treats toothache, place Achyranthes powder between teeth to hold. Another formula: Regarding dysentery, if white discharge precedes red, it is normal; if red precedes white, it is intestinal gu. Three liang of crushed Achyranthes, soak in one sheng of wine overnight. Drink one or two cups per dose, three times daily. Another formula: Treats difficult urination and severe urethral pain, also treats abdominal hardness and pain due to blood stagnation in women. A large handful of Achyranthes with leaves, regardless of quantity, decoct in wine and drink, immediate relief. *Jingyan Houfang*: Treats unceasing thirst and deficiency of the lower yuan. Five liang of Achyranthes, finely chopped into powder, soaked in five sheng of fresh Rehmannia juice, exposed to sun during day and soaked at night, until the juice is absorbed, made into pills the size of paulownia seeds, take thirty pills with warm wine on an empty stomach. Long-term use strengthens sinews and bones, preserves complexion, darkens hair, and completes fluids naturally. *Meishi Fang*: Treats bamboo or wood splinters stuck in flesh. Take raw Achyranthes stem, pound into powder, apply to the area, and the splinter will come out. Another formula: Treats retained placenta. Eight liang of Achyranthes, one liang of Abelmoschus seeds. Boil in nine sheng of water to obtain three sheng, divide into three doses. Another formula: Treats pain from metal wounds. Apply pounded raw Achyranthes to the wound, immediate healing. Sun Simiao's *Shiji* treats toothache by burning Achyranthes root to ash and placing it between teeth. Another formula: Treats sudden malignant sores unrecognized by people. Pounded Achyranthes root applied externally.
*Yanyi* stated: Achyranthes is now cultivated in beds in Xijing; those three chi long are the best. Soaked in wine with Cistanche and taken, it benefits the kidneys. Bamboo or wood splinters entering the flesh, chewed thoroughly...