（乌恪切）
\r白垩（乌恪切）\pd55.bmp\r
味苦、辛，温，无毒。主女子寒热，症瘕，月闭，积聚，阴肿痛，漏下，无
子，泄痢。不可久服，伤五脏，令人羸瘦。一名白善。生邯郸山谷。采无时。
陶隐居云∶此即今画用者，甚多而贱，俗方亦稀，《仙经》不须。臣禹锡等谨按唐本云∶
胡
居士言，始兴小桂县晋阳乡有白善。药性论云∶白垩，使，味甘，平。主女子血结，月候不
通，能涩肠止痢，温暖。萧炳云∶不入汤。日华子云∶白善，味甘。治泻痢，痔 ，泄精，
女子子宫冷，男子水脏冷，鼻洪，吐血。本名白垩，入药烧用。
图经文具代赭条下。
唐本余注云∶此即今画工用者，甚易得，方中稀用之，近代以白瓷为之。雷公云∶凡使，
勿
用
色青并底白者，先单捣令细，三度筛过了，又入钵中研之。然后将盐汤飞过，浪干。每修事
白垩二两，用白盐一分，投于斗水中，用铜器物内，沸十余沸了，然后用此沸了水飞过白垩
，免结涩人肠也。
衍义文具代赭条下。
味辛，微温。主黑子，去疣（音尤）息肉，疽蚀疥瘙。一名藜灰。生方谷川泽。
陶隐居云∶此即今浣衣黄灰尔，烧诸蒿、藜，积聚炼作之，性亦烈，又荻灰尤烈。欲销
黑志
、疣赘，取此三种灰和水蒸以点之即去，不可广用，烂人皮肉。唐本注云∶桑薪灰，最入药
用，疗黑子、疣赘，功胜冬灰。用煮小豆，大下水肿。然冬灰本是藜灰，余草不真。又有青
蒿灰，烧蒿作之。柃灰，烧木叶作。并入染用，亦堪蚀恶肉。柃灰一作苓字。臣禹锡等谨按
陈藏器云∶桑灰，本功外，去风血症瘕块。又主水阴淋，取酽汁作食，服三、五升。又取鳖
一头，治如食法，以桑灰汁煎如泥，和诸症瘕药重煎，堪丸，众手捻成。日服十五丸，症瘕
癖无不瘥者。其方文多，不具载。
图经文具锻石条下。
衍义曰∶冬灰，诸家只解灰而不解冬，亦其缺也。诸灰一烘而成，唯冬灰，则经三、四
月方
彻
炉。灰既晓夕晓灼，其力得不全燥烈乎？而又体益重。今一 而成者体轻，盖火力劣，故不
及冬灰耳。若古紧面少容方中，用九烧益母灰，盖取此义。如或诸方中用桑灰，自合根据本法
。既用冬灰，则须尔。《唐本》注云∶冬灰本是藜灰，未知别有何说。又汤火灼，以饼炉中
灰细罗，脂麻油调，羽扫，不得着水，仍避风。
（乌恪切）
白垩（乌恪切）\pd55.bmp\
味苦、辛，性温，无毒。主治女子寒热往来，症瘕（腹内结块），月经闭止，积聚（体内肿块），阴部肿痛，漏下（非经期阴道出血），不孕，泄泻痢疾。不可长期服用，以免损伤五脏，使人消瘦。又名白善。产于邯郸山谷。采集没有固定时间。
陶隐居说：这就是现在绘画所用的白垩，产量多且价格便宜，民间方剂中也很少使用，《仙经》中不需要它。臣禹锡等谨按《唐本草》记载：胡居士说，始兴小桂县晋阳乡有白善。《药性论》说：白垩，作为使药，味甘，性平。主治女子血结，月经不通，能涩肠止痢，具有温暖作用。萧炳说：不入汤剂。日华子说：白善，味甘。治疗泄痢，痔疮，遗精，女子子宫寒冷，男子肾脏寒冷，鼻衄，吐血。本名白垩，入药需烧制后使用。
《图经本草》在代赭条下有详细记载。
《唐本草》补充注释说：这就是现在画工使用的白垩，很容易得到，方剂中很少使用，近代用白瓷代替。雷公说：凡是使用白垩，不要用青色和底部白色的，先单独捣碎成细粉，过筛三次，再放入钵中研磨。然后用盐水飞炼，晾干。每修治白垩二两，用白盐一分，投入一斗水中，在铜器内煮沸十余次，然后用这煮沸的水飞炼白垩，以避免其导致肠道干涩。
《衍义本草》在代赭条下有详细记载。
味辛，微温。主治黑痣，去除疣赘（音尤）息肉，疽蚀疥癣瘙痒。又名藜灰。产于方谷川泽。
陶隐居说：这就是现在洗衣用的黄灰，由焚烧各种蒿草、藜草，积聚炼制而成，药性也猛烈，又芦苇灰尤其猛烈。想要消除黑痣、疣赘，取这三种灰和水蒸后点涂即可去除，不可广泛使用，否则会腐蚀人的皮肉。《唐本草》注解说：桑柴灰，最适宜入药，治疗黑痣、疣赘，功效胜过冬灰。用其煮小豆，可大幅消除水肿。然而冬灰本是藜灰，其他草灰不真。又有青蒿灰，烧蒿草制成。柃灰，烧木叶制成。都并入染色使用，也能腐蚀恶肉。柃灰一作苓字。臣禹锡等谨按陈藏器说：桑灰，除了原有功效外，还能去除风血症瘕块。又主治水阴淋，取浓汁做食物，服用三、五升。又取鳖一头，按食用方法处理，用桑灰汁煎如泥状，配合各种症瘕药再次煎煮，可以做成丸剂，众人手捻成型。每日服用十五丸，症瘕癖无不痊愈的。其方文很多，不全部记载。
《图经本草》在锻石条下有详细记载。
《衍义》说：冬灰，各家只解释灰而不解释冬，这也是他们的缺失。各种灰一次烘烤而成，只有冬灰，经过三、四个月才彻底出炉。灰既早晚灼烧，其力能不全燥烈吗？而且体质更重。现在一次而成的体质轻，大概火力不足，所以不及冬灰罢了。如果古紧面少容方中，用九烧益母灰，大概是取这个意思。或者各方中使用桑灰，自然应当根据本法。既然使用冬灰，就必须这样。《唐本草》注解说：冬灰本是藜灰，不知道另外有什么说法。又汤火灼伤，用饼炉中的灰细筛，脂麻油调和，羽毛扫，不得沾水，仍避风。
(Wu Ke Qie)
Bai E (Wu Ke Qie) \pd55.bmp\
Taste: bitter, pungent. Nature: warm. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: treats alternating cold and heat in women, Zheng Jia (abdominal masses), amenorrhea, Ji Ju (accumulations and masses), swelling and pain in the yin region, metrorrhagia, infertility, diarrhea, and dysentery. Do not take for a long time, as it damages the five Zang organs and causes emaciation. Also known as Bai Shan. Grows in the valleys of Handan. Harvesting has no fixed time.
Tao Hongjing said: This is the white kaolin used for painting today. It is abundant and cheap, rarely used in folk prescriptions, and not required in the "Immortal Classics". Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully note according to the "Tang Bencao": Hu Juzi stated that there is Bai Shan in Jinxiang Township, Xiaogui County, Shixing. The "Yao Xing Lun" states: Bai E, when used as an assistant drug, has a sweet taste and neutral nature. It treats blood stagnation in women, irregular menstruation, can astringe the intestines to stop diarrhea, and has warming properties. Xiao Bing stated: Not suitable for decoctions. Ri Hua Zi stated: Bai Shan has a sweet taste. It treats diarrhea and dysentery, hemorrhoids, seminal emission, cold uterus in women, cold kidneys in men, epistaxis, and hematemesis. Originally named Bai E, it must be calcined before use in medicine.
The "Tu Jing Ben Cao" has detailed records under the entry for Dai Zhe.
The "Tang Bencao" supplementary notes state: This is the white kaolin used by painters today. It is easy to obtain and rarely used in prescriptions; in recent times, white porcelain has been used instead. Lei Gong stated: When using Bai E, do not use those with green color or white bottoms. First, crush them alone into fine powder, sieve three times, then grind in a mortar. Then, wash with salt water, and dry in the shade. For every two liang of Bai E processed, use one fen of white salt, add to one dou of water, boil in a copper vessel for more than ten boils, then use this boiled water to wash the Bai E, to prevent it from causing intestinal dryness and obstruction.
The "Yan Yi" has detailed records under the entry for Dai Zhe.
Taste: pungent. Nature: slightly warm. Indications: treats black moles, removes warts (pronounced You) and polyps, and treats carbuncles, ulcers, scabies, and itching. Also known as Li Hui. Grows in the marshes of Fanggu River.
Tao Hongjing said: This is the yellow ash used for laundry today, made by burning various mugworts and chenopods, accumulating and refining them. Its nature is also acrid, and reed ash is particularly acrid. To remove black moles and warts, take these three types of ash, mix with water, steam, and apply locally to remove them. Do not use extensively, as it will rot human skin and flesh. The "Tang Bencao" commentary states: Mulch wood ash is most suitable for medicinal use. It treats black moles and warts, with efficacy superior to Dong Hui. Boiling small beans with it can significantly reduce edema. However, Dong Hui is originally Chenopod ash, and other grass ashes are not authentic. There is also Qing Hao ash, made by burning mugwort. Ling Hui, made by burning leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia. All are used in dyeing and can also corrode malignant flesh. Ling Hui is also written as Ling character. Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully quote Chen Cangqi: Mulch ash, besides its original functions, can also treat wind-related blood disorders and abdominal masses. It also treats Yin Lin (dysuria due to damp-heat). Take strong juice to make food, take three to five sheng. Also, take one turtle, process it as for eating, fry with mulch ash juice until like mud, combine with various mass-resolving medicines, re-boil, form into pills, roll into balls by hand. Take fifteen pills daily, all kinds of abdominal masses will heal. The prescription text is too long to record fully.
The "Tu Jing Ben Cao" has detailed records under the entry for Duan Shi.
The "Yan Yi" states: Dong Hui, experts only explain the ash but not the "winter", which is their omission. Various ashes are made in one baking, only Dong Hui takes three to four months to complete the kiln. Since the ash is roasted day and night, its power cannot help but be completely dry and acrid? And its body becomes heavier. Those made in one bake have light bodies, probably due to inferior fire power, thus inferior to Dong Hui. If the ancient tight dough formula uses nine-baked Motherwort ash, it probably takes this meaning. Or if various prescriptions use Mulch ash, naturally should follow the basic method. Since using Dong Hui, it must be so. The "Tang Bencao" commentary states: Dong Hui is originally Chenopod ash, unknown what other theory exists. Also for burns and scalds, use fine-sieved ash from the cake kiln, mix with sesame oil, sweep with feather, do not touch water, still avoid wind.