\r白 荷\pd534.bmp\r
微温。主中蛊及疟。
陶隐居云∶今人乃呼赤者为 荷，白者为覆菹，叶同一种尔。于人食之，赤者为胜。药
用白
者。中蛊者服其汁，并卧其叶，即呼蛊主姓名。亦主诸溪毒、沙虱辈，多食损药势，又不利
脚。人家种白 荷，亦云辟蛇。唐本注云∶根主诸恶疮，杀蛊毒。根心主稻、麦芒入目中不
出者，以汁注目中，即出。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶叶似初生甘蕉，根似姜牙，其叶冬
枯。药性论云∶白 荷，亦可单用。味辛，有小毒。
图经曰∶白 荷，旧不着所出州土，今荆 、江湖间多种之，北地亦有。春初生叶似甘
蕉，
根似姜而肥，其根茎堪为菹。其性好阴，在木下生者尤美。潘岳《闲居赋》云∶ 荷根据阴，
时
岁时记》曰∶仲冬以盐藏 荷，以备冬储，又以防蛊。史游《急就
篇》云∶ 荷冬日藏，其来远矣。干宝《搜神记》云∶其外姊夫蒋士先得疾下血，言中蛊，
家人密以 荷置其席下。忽大笑曰∶蛊我者，张小也。乃收小小走。自此解蛊药多用之。《
周记·庶氏》以嘉草除蛊毒。宗懔以谓嘉草即 荷是也。陈藏器云∶ 荷、茜根，为主蛊
之最。然有赤、白二种∶白者入药，昔人呼为覆菹；赤者堪啖，及作梅果多用之。古方∶亦
干
雷公云∶凡使，勿用革牛草，真相似，其革牛草腥、涩。凡使白 荷，以铜刀刮上粗皮
一重
了，细切，入砂盆中研如膏，只收取自然汁，炼作煎，却，于新盆器中摊令冷，如干胶煎，
刮
冷失声，咽喉不利。以 荷根二两，研，绞取汁，酒一大盏，相
和令匀，不计时候，温服半钱。《肘后方》同。外台秘要∶喉中及口舌生疮烂。酒渍 荷根
治伤寒时气温病，头痛壮热，脉盛。可取生 荷根、叶合捣，绞
治卒吐血，亦治蛊毒及痔血，
妇人患腰痛。向东者 荷根一把，捣
取二升，空心酒调服。梅师
方∶治卒
令病患知觉，令病
姓名。又方∶治喉中似物吞吐不出，腹胀羸
瘦。取白 荷根绞汁服，虫立出。荆楚岁时记蒋士先得疾下血，言蛊，密以根布席下。忽自
笑曰∶蛊食我者张小也。乃收小小走。
衍义曰∶白 荷，八、九月间淹贮之，以备冬月作蔬果，治疗只用白者。
陶隐居说：现在人们称红色的为“荷”，白色的为“覆菹”，它们的叶子是同一种植物。人食用时，红色的优于白色的。药用则用白色的。中蛊毒的人服用其汁液，并躺卧在其叶子上，就能喊出蛊主的姓名。它也主治各种溪谷中的毒物、沙虱等。多吃会损伤药力，而且对脚部不利。人家种植白荷，据说也能辟蛇。《唐本草》注解说：根部主治各种恶疮，能杀灭蛊毒。根心（根茎中心部分）主治稻芒、麦芒刺入眼中无法取出的情况，将汁液滴入眼中，芒刺即可排出。臣禹锡等人依照《蜀本图经》记载：叶子像初生的甘蕉，根像姜芽，叶子冬天枯萎。《药性论》说：白荷也可以单味使用。味辛，有小毒。
《图经》说：白荷，旧籍未注明出产州土，如今在荆州、长江和黄河之间多种植，北方地区也有。春天初生叶子像甘蕉，根像姜且肥大，其根茎可以做腌菜。它性喜阴湿，生长在树木下的尤其美好。潘岳《闲居赋》说：“荷根据阴……”《岁时记》说：仲冬时节用盐腌制白荷，以备冬季储存，又用来防备蛊毒。史游《急就篇》说：“荷冬日藏，由来已久。”干宝《搜神记》说：他的外姐夫蒋士先得病下血，说是中了蛊毒，家人秘密地将白荷放在他的席子下。他忽然大笑说：“害我的人，是张小也。”于是抓了张小去。从此解蛊药多用此物。《周礼·庶氏》用嘉草来除蛊毒。宗懔认为嘉草就是白荷。陈藏器说：白荷、茜草根，是治疗蛊毒最好的药物。然而有赤、白两种：白色的入药，古人称为覆菹；红色的可以食用，以及制作梅果多用红色者。古方：……雷公说：凡使用白荷，不要用革牛草，真相似，但革牛草气味腥、涩。凡使用白荷，用铜刀刮去外层粗皮一层后，细细切碎，放入砂盆中研磨成膏，只收取自然汁液，炼制成煎膏，冷却后在新盆器中摊开使其变冷，状如干胶煎。若服后出现失声、咽喉不利症状，可用白荷根二两，研磨，绞取汁液，与一大盏酒混合均匀，不限时候，温服半钱。《肘后方》方法相同。《外台秘要》：喉中和口舌生疮腐烂。用酒浸泡白荷根治疗伤寒时气温病，头痛壮热，脉象盛大。可取生白荷根、叶一起捣碎，绞取汁液。治疗突然吐血，也治疗蛊毒及痔血，妇人患腰痛。向东生长的白荷根一把，捣碎取二升汁液，空腹用酒调服。梅师方：治疗突然……让病患知觉，说出病人名姓。又一方：治疗喉中似有物吞吐不出，腹胀消瘦。取白荷根绞汁服用，虫体立即排出。荆楚岁时记记载蒋士先得病下血，说是中蛊，秘密地将根布在席子下。他忽然自己笑着说：“吃我的蛊是张小也。”于是抓了张小去。
《衍义》说：白荷，在八、九月间淹渍贮存，以备冬季作为蔬果，治疗只用白色者。
Baihe (Nymphaea alba Rhizome)
Nature: Slightly warm. Indications: Mainly treats gu poison (parasitic poisoning) and malaria.
Tao Hongjing stated: Nowadays, people call the red variety "He" and the white variety "Fu Zu" (White Water Lily), although their leaves are from the same plant. For human consumption, the red variety is superior. However, for medicinal use, the white variety is employed. Those suffering from gu poison who consume its juice and lie on its leaves can call out the name of the person casting the spell. It also mainly treats various toxins found in streams and valleys, such as sand leeches. Excessive consumption damages the therapeutic efficacy and is detrimental to the feet. Planting Baihe in households is said to repel snakes. The commentary in *Xinxiu Bencao* notes: The rhizome mainly treats various malignant sores and kills gu poison. The center of the rhizome treats rice awns or wheat awns embedded in the eye that cannot be removed; instilling the juice into the eye causes the awn to exit. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to *Shuben Tujing*, recorded: The leaves resemble those of young Musa basjoo (Japanese banana); the root resembles ginger shoots; the leaves wither in winter. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Baihe can also be used singly. Flavor: Acrid; Toxicity: Slight toxicity.
*Tujing* states: Baihe was not previously noted for specific production regions. Currently, it is widely planted in Jingzhou and between the Yangtze and Yellow River regions, and also exists in northern areas. In early spring, leaves emerge resembling Musa basjoo; the root resembles ginger but is plump, and the rhizome is suitable for pickling. It prefers shade; those growing under trees are particularly fine. Pan Yue's *Xianju Fu* states: "He follows the shade..." *Shisuo Ji* says: In mid-winter, Baihe is preserved with salt for winter storage and to prevent gu poison. Shi You's *Jijiu Pian* says: "Baihe is stored in winter, a practice of long standing." Gan Bao's *Soushen Ji* records: His wife's brother-in-law, Jiang Shixian, suffered from hematochezia, claiming he had contracted gu poison. His family secretly placed Baihe under his mat. He suddenly laughed loudly and said, "The one bewitching me is Zhang Xiao." Consequently, Zhang Xiao was apprehended. Since then, this herb has been frequently used in antidotes for gu poison. *Zhou Li · Shushi* uses "Ji Cao" (auspicious grass) to eliminate gu poison. Zong Lin believed that Ji Cao refers to Baihe. Chen Cangqi stated: Baihe and Qian Gen (Rubia cordifolia Root) are the best herbs for treating gu poison. There are two varieties: red and white. The white variety enters medicine and was formerly called Fu Zu; the red variety is edible and often used in making plum preserves. Ancient prescriptions: ... Lei Gong stated: When using Baihe, do not use Ge Niu Cao (Polygonum aviculare), which looks very similar but has a fishy and astringent taste. To process Baihe, scrape off the outer coarse skin with a copper knife, finely chop, grind in a mortar until paste-like, collect only the natural juice, refine into an extract, cool in a new vessel until solid like glue. If loss of voice or throat discomfort occurs after ingestion, take 2 liang of Baihe rhizome, grind, extract juice, mix evenly with one large cup of wine, take half a qian warm at any time. This method is identical to *Zhouhou Fang*. *Waitai Miyao*: For sores and ulcers in the throat and tongue. Soak Baihe rhizome in wine. Treats shanghan (cold damage) and seasonal warm diseases with headache, high fever, and surging pulse. Take fresh Baihe rhizome and leaves, crush together, and extract juice. Treats sudden hematemesis, also treats gu poison and hemorrhoidal bleeding, and lumbar pain in women. Take one handful of east-facing Baihe rhizome, crush, extract two sheng of juice, take on an empty stomach mixed with wine. Mei Shi Fang: Treats sudden... [text fragment] make the patient conscious and reveal the name of the disease caster. Another prescription: Treats sensation of a foreign body stuck in the throat, abdominal distension, and emaciation. Take juice extracted from Baihe rhizome; parasites will immediately exit. *Jingchu Suishiji* records Jiang Shixian suffering from hematochezia due to gu poison; his family secretly spread the rhizome under the mat. He suddenly laughed and said, "The gu eating me is Zhang Xiao," and Zhang Xiao was caught.
*Yanyi* states: Baihe is soaked and stored in August and September for use as vegetables in winter. Only the white variety is used for treatment.