\r瞿（音劬）麦\pd142.bmp\r
味苦、辛，寒，无毒。主关格诸癃结，小便不通，出刺，决痈肿，明目去翳，
破胎堕子，下闭血，养肾气，逐膀胱邪逆，止霍乱，长毛发。一名巨句麦，一名大菊，一名
大蓝。生泰山川谷。立秋采实，阴干。（ 草、牡丹为之使，恶螵蛸。）
陶隐居云∶今出近道。一茎生细叶，花红紫赤可爱，合子、叶刈取之，子颇似麦，故名
瞿麦
。此类乃有两种∶一种微大，花边有叉桠，未知何者是？今市人皆用小者。复一种叶广相似
而有毛，花晚而甚赤。按《经》云∶采实。中子至细，燥熟便脱尽。今市人唯合茎、叶用，
而实正空壳无复子尔。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶瞿麦，臣，味甘。主五淋。日华子云∶瞿
麦
，催生，又名杜母草、燕麦、 麦，又云石竹。叶治痔 并泻血，作汤粥食并得。子治月经
不通，破血块，排脓。叶治小儿蛔虫，痔疾煎汤服。丹石药发并眼目肿痛及肿毒，捣敷。治
浸淫疮并妇人阴疮。
图经曰∶瞿麦，生泰山川谷，今处处有之。苗高一尺以来，叶尖小，青色，根紫黑色，
形如
细
蔓菁。花红紫赤色，亦似映山红。二月至五月开。七月结实作穗，子颇似麦，故以名之。立
秋后合子、叶收采阴干用。河阳河中府出者，苗可用。淮甸出者根细，村民取作刷帚。《尔
雅》谓之大菊。《广雅》谓之茈萎是也。古今方通心经、利小肠为最要。张仲景治小便不利
，有水气，栝蒌瞿麦丸主之。栝蒌根二两，大附子一个，茯苓、山芋各三两，瞿麦一分，五
物杵末，蜜丸如梧子大，一服三丸，日三。未知，益至七、八丸。以小便利，腹中温为知也
。
雷公云∶凡使，只用蕊壳，不用茎、叶。若一时使，即空心令人气咽，小便不禁。凡欲
用，
又方∶治石
淋。取子酒服方寸匕，一、二日当下石。千金方∶治产经数日不出，或子死腹中，母欲死。
以
瞿麦煮浓汁服之。梅师方∶治竹木刺入肉中不出。瞿麦为末，水服方寸匕。或煮瞿麦汁饮之
。日三。《千金》同。崔氏治鱼脐疮毒肿，烧灰和油敷于肿上，甚佳。
衍义曰∶瞿麦，八正散用瞿麦，今人为至要药。若心经虽有热而小肠虚者服之，则心热
未退
，
而小肠别作病矣。料其意者，不过为心与小肠为传送，故用此入小肠药。按《经》，瞿麦并
不治心热。若心无大热，则当止治其心，若或制之不尽，须当求其属以衰之。用八正散者，
其意如此。
瞿麦（音同“劬”）
味苦、辛，性寒，无毒。主治关格及各类癃闭结滞之证，小便不通，排出刺物，消散痈肿，明目去翳，破血堕胎，下闭血，养肾气，驱逐膀胱邪逆之气，止霍乱，促进毛发生长。又名巨句麦，又名大菊，又名大蓝。生于泰山的川谷之中。立秋时采集果实，阴干。（草和牡丹为其佐使药，忌与螵蛸同用。）
陶隐居说：现在近道地区也有出产。一株茎上生有细叶，花呈红紫赤色，十分可爱，连同子、叶一起收割，种子颇像麦子，所以名叫瞿麦。这类药材实际上有两种：一种稍大，花瓣边缘有分叉，不知哪一种才是正品？现在市场上都用较小的那种。另一种叶子宽大相似但有毛，开花晚且颜色很红。按《神农本草经》记载：采集果实。其中的子非常细小，干燥成熟后容易脱落殆尽。现在市场上只合取茎、叶使用，而果实只是空壳，不再含有种子了。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：瞿麦，作为臣药，味甘。主治五淋。日华子说：瞿麦能催生，又名杜母草、燕麦、莠麦，又说它是石竹。叶治疗痔疮并泻血，煮成汤粥食用均可。子治疗月经不通，破血块，排脓。叶治疗小儿蛔虫，痔疮煎汤服用。丹石药发作以及眼目肿痛和肿毒，捣碎敷贴。治疗浸淫疮以及妇人阴疮。
《图经》说：瞿麦，生于泰山川谷，现在到处都有生长。苗高一尺左右，叶尖小，青色，根紫黑色，形状像细蔓菁。花红紫赤色，也类似映山红。二月至五月开花。七月结实成穗，种子颇像麦子，因此以此命名。立秋后连同子、叶收采阴干使用。河阳河中府出产的，苗可用。淮甸出产的根细，村民取作刷帚。《尔雅》称它为“大菊”。《广雅》称之为“茈萎”，就是这种。古今方剂中，通心经、利小肠最为重要。张仲景治疗小便不利，有水气，用栝蒌瞿麦丸主之。栝蒌根二两，大附子一个，茯苓、山芋各三两，瞿麦一分，五味药捣成末，蜜丸如梧桐子大，每次服三丸，每日三次。若未见效，增加至七、八丸。以小便通利，腹中温暖为见效。
雷公说：凡是使用，只用蕊壳，不用茎、叶。如果同时使用，会导致空腹者气咽，小便不禁。凡欲使用，又有以下方剂：治疗石淋。取子用酒送服方寸匕，一、两天后应能排出结石。《千金方》：治疗产程数日不出，或胎儿死在腹中，母亲濒死。用瞿麦煮浓汁服用。梅师方：治疗竹木刺入肉中不出。瞿麦研为末，水送服方寸匕。或煮瞿麦汁饮用。每日三次。《千金方》相同。崔氏治疗鱼脐疮毒肿，烧灰和油敷于肿上，效果很好。
《衍义》说：瞿麦，八正散中使用瞿麦，现在人认为是最重要的药。如果心经虽有热而小肠虚者服用它，则心热未退，而小肠另生病变。推测其意，不过是因为心与小肠互为表里，传送相通，所以用此入小肠的药。按《神农本草经》，瞿麦并不直接治疗心热。如果心无大热，则应当只治其心，如果制约不尽，必须寻求其所属脏腑来衰减病势。使用八正散的用意正是如此。
Qu Mai (Pronounced "Qu")
Taste: Bitter, Acrid. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Guan Ge (obstruction syndrome) and various types of Long Jie (stagnation and blockage), urinary retention, expulsion of foreign bodies, resolution of carbuncles and swellings, brightening the eyes and removing nebula, breaking blood stasis and inducing abortion, expelling stagnant blood, nourishing Kidney Qi, driving out pathogenic rebellion in the Bladder, stopping Hu Luan (cholera-like symptoms with vomiting and diarrhea), and promoting hair growth. Also known as Ju Ju Mai, Da Ju, or Da Lan. Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. Harvest the fruit after Start of Autumn, dry in shade. (Cao and Mu Dan are its assistants; avoid using with Piao Xiao.)
Tao Hongjing states: It is now produced in nearby regions. A single stem produces fine leaves; the flowers are red-purple and crimson, quite lovely. The seeds and leaves are harvested together. The seeds resemble wheat, hence the name Qu Mai. This category actually comprises two types: one is slightly larger, with forked petal edges, but it is unknown which is the authentic variety? Currently, the market uses the smaller type. Another type has broader leaves similar to the first but hairy, blooms late, and is very red. According to the *Classic*, one should harvest the fruit. The seeds are extremely fine and fall off completely when dry and ripe. Currently, the market only uses stems and leaves, while the fruits are empty shells without seeds. Minister Yu Xi et al. respectfully note according to *Yao Xing Lun*: Qu Mai, as a minister herb, has a sweet taste. It mainly treats Wu Lin (five types of strangury). Ri Hua Zi states: Qu Mai induces labor, also known as Du Mu Cao, Yan Mai, or You Mai, and is said to be Dianthus superbus (Shi Zhu). Leaves treat hemorrhoids and bloody diarrhea; can be made into soup or porridge. Seeds treat amenorrhea, break blood masses, and discharge pus. Leaves treat pediatric ascariasis; decoct for hemorrhoids. For Dan Shi drug eruptions, eye swelling and pain, and toxic swellings, crush and apply externally. Treats Jin Yin Chuang (weeping eczema) and women's yin sores.
*Tu Jing* states: Qu Mai grows in the valleys of Mount Tai and is now found everywhere. The seedling is about one chi high, with small pointed green leaves, purple-black roots resembling fine turnips. Flowers are red-purple and crimson, similar to Rhododendron mucronulatum (Ying Shan Hong). Blooms from February to May. Bears fruit in spikes in July; seeds resemble wheat, hence the name. After Start of Autumn, harvest seeds and leaves together and dry in shade. Those from Heyang and Hezhong Prefectures have usable seedlings. Those from Huai Dian have thin roots, and villagers use them as brooms. *Er Ya* calls it "Da Ju". *Guang Ya* calls it "Zi Wei", which is this plant. In ancient and modern formulas, unblocking the Heart Meridian and benefiting the Small Intestine are most important. Zhang Zhongjing treats unfavorable urination with water qi using Gua Lou Qu Mai Wan. Trichosanthes root 2 liang, large Fu Zi 1 piece, Poria 3 liang, Dioscorea 3 liang, Qu Mai 1 fen. Pound five substances into powder, make honey pills like wu zi size. Take 3 pills per dose, three times daily. If ineffective, increase to 7-8 pills. Consider effective when urination becomes smooth and abdomen feels warm.
Lei Gong states: When used, only use the husk/shell, not stems or leaves. If used all at once, it causes breathlessness and urinary incontinence in fasting individuals. When intending to use, there are further prescriptions: Treating Shi Lin (lithiasis strangury). Take seeds, administer with wine using a fang cun bi measure; stones should pass within one or two days. *Qian Jin Fang*: Treats prolonged labor where delivery fails for several days, or fetal death in utero causing maternal peril. Boil Qu Mai into thick juice and administer. Mei Shi Fang: Treats bamboo or wood splinters embedded in flesh that cannot be removed. Powder Qu Mai, administer with water using a fang cun bi measure. Or boil Qu Mai juice and drink. Three times daily. Same as *Qian Jin*. Cui Shi treats Yu Qi Chuang (fish-mouth ulcer) toxic swelling; burn to ash, mix with oil, and apply to the swelling, very effective.
*Yan Yi* states: Qu Mai is used in Ba Zheng San; currently regarded by people as an essential herb. If the Heart Meridian has heat but the Small Intestine is deficient, taking it will leave Heart heat unresolved while causing new pathology in the Small Intestine. Presumably, the intent is merely because Heart and Small Intestine are interior-exterior partners and transmit through each other, thus using this herb entering the Small Intestine. According to the *Classic*, Qu Mai does not directly treat Heart heat. If there is no significant Heart heat, one should only treat the Heart. If suppression is incomplete, one must seek its affiliated organ to attenuate the condition. The rationale for using Ba Zheng San is thus.