\r石南\pd369.bmp\r
味辛、苦，平，有毒。主养肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨皮毛，疗脚弱，五
脏邪气，除热。女子不可久服，令思男。
实 杀蛊毒，破积聚，逐风痹。一名鬼目。生华阴山谷。二月、四月采叶，八
月采实，阴干。（五加皮为之使。）
陶隐居云∶今庐江及东间皆有之。叶状如枇杷叶。方用亦稀。唐本注云∶叶似 草，凌
冬不凋。以叶细者为良，
关中者好。为疗风邪丸散之要。其江山以南者，长大如枇杷叶，无气味，殊不任用。今医家
不复用实。臣禹锡等谨按蜀
本云∶终南斜谷近石处甚饶。今市人多以
云∶石南，臣。主除热，恶
小蓟，无毒。能添肾气，治软脚，烦闷疼，杀虫，能逐诸风，虽能养肾内，令人阴痿。
图经曰∶石南，生华阴山谷，今南北皆有之。生于石上，株极有高硕者。江湖间出，叶
如枇杷叶，有小刺，凌冬不
凋。春生白花成簇。秋结细红实。关陇间出者，叶似莽草，青黄色，背有紫点，雨多则并生，
长及二、三寸。根横细，
紫色。无花实，叶至茂密。南北人多移以植庭宇间，阴翳可爱，不透日气。入药以关中叶细
者良。二月、四月采叶，四
月采实，阴干。《魏王花木记》曰∶南方∶石南木，取皮中作鱼羹，和之尤美。今不闻用之。
下有楠材条，其木颇似石南，
而更高硕。叶差小，其材中梁柱，今医方亦稀用之。
衍义曰∶石南，叶状如枇杷叶之小者，但背无毛，光而不皱。正、二月间开花。冬有二
叶为花苞，苞既开，中有十
五余花，大小如椿花，甚细碎。每一苞约弹许大，成一球。一花六叶，一朵有七、八球，淡
白绿色，叶末微淡赤色。花
既开，蕊满花，但见蕊，不见花。花才罢，去年绿叶尽脱落，渐生新叶。治肾衰脚弱最相宜。
但京洛、河北、河东、山
东颇少，人以此故少用。湖南北、江东西、二浙甚多，故多用，南实今医家绝可用。
味辛、苦，性平，有毒。主治滋养肾气，治疗内伤导致的阴精衰败，通利筋骨皮毛，治疗脚弱无力，驱除五脏邪气，清除热邪。女子不可长期服用，否则会导致思慕男子（产生性欲亢进或异常）。
果实：能杀灭蛊毒，破除体内积聚的痞块，驱逐风痹之邪。又名鬼目。产于华阴山谷。二月、四月采集叶片，八月采集果实，阴干。（五加皮为其使药，即引导药性或增强疗效的药物。）
陶隐居说：如今庐江及东间都有出产。叶片形状像枇杷叶。方剂中使用也很少。《唐本注》说：叶子像草，越冬不凋谢。以叶片细小的为优良品，关中地区出产的质量好。是治疗风邪丸散的重要药材。其江山以南出产的，长得高大如枇杷叶，没有气味，完全不能药用。现在的医家不再使用果实。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本》记载：终南斜谷靠近石头处非常多。现在市场上的人多把……（原文此处有缺漏或混淆，结合下文“云：石南，臣”推测可能涉及其他品种或误用描述，但根据后文陶弘景及图经本草的描述，主要区分在于产地和形态）……石南，臣（此处疑为衍文或特定语境下的称呼，暂译为石南这味药）。主治清除热邪，畏小蓟，无毒。能增添肾气，治疗脚软，烦闷疼痛，杀虫，能驱逐各种风邪，虽然能滋养肾脏内部，但会导致阳痿。
《图经本草》说：石南，产于华阴山谷，如今南北各地都有。生长在石头上，植株有的非常高大。江湖间出产的，叶子像枇杷叶，有小刺，越冬不凋谢。春天开白花成簇。秋天结细红果实。关陇间出产的，叶子像莽草，青黄色，背面有紫点，雨水多时并生，长达二、三寸。根横生且细，紫色。无花实，叶子非常茂密。南北之人多移栽种植在庭院中，树荫可爱，遮挡阳光。入药以关中地区叶片细小的为优良品。二月、四月采集叶片，四月采集果实，阴干。《魏王花木记》说：南方：石南木，取树皮制作鱼羹，混合起来特别美味。如今听说不再这样使用了。下面有楠木材条目的记载，其树木颇似石南，但更高大。叶子稍小，其木材可做梁柱，如今医方中也很少使用它。
《衍义》说：石南，叶子形状像较小的枇杷叶，只是背面没有毛，光滑而不皱缩。正月、二月间开花。冬天有两片叶子作为花苞，花苞打开后，里面有十五朵左右的花，大小像椿树花，非常细碎。每个花苞大约像弹珠那么大，聚成一个球。一朵花有六片花瓣，一朵花上有七八个花球，淡白绿色，花瓣末端微带淡红色。花开放后，花蕊充满花朵，只见花蕊不见花瓣。花刚谢，去年的绿叶全部脱落，逐渐生出新的叶子。治疗肾衰脚弱最合适。但是京洛、河北、河东、山东等地很少，人们因此少用。湖南北、江东西、两浙等地很多，所以多用，南方的果实现在医家绝对可以使用。
Shinan (Rhododendri Daurici Folium)
Pungent, bitter, neutral in nature, toxic. Primarily nourishes Kidney Qi (vital energy of the kidney), treats internal injury with decline of Yin essence, promotes the free flow of sinews and bones and skin/hair, treats weakness of the legs, expels pathogenic factors from the five Zang organs, and clears heat. Women should not take it for a long time, as it may cause excessive longing for men.
Fruits: Kills gu poison (parasitic disease), breaks up accumulations and masses, drives out wind-bi syndrome. Also known as Gui Mu (Ghost Eye). Grows in valleys of Huayin. Leaves are harvested in February and April, fruits in August, and dried in shade. (Wujia Pi [Acanthopanacis Cortex] acts as an enabler/guide herb.)
Tao Hongjing states: It is now available in Lujiang and Dongjian. The leaves resemble those of Loquat (Eriobotryae Folium). Its use in prescriptions is rare. *Tang Ben Zhu* notes: The leaves resemble grass and do not wither in winter. Those with finer leaves are considered superior, particularly those from the Guanzhong region. It is a crucial ingredient in pills and powders for treating wind pathogens. Those from south of the Jiangshan region grow large like loquat leaves, lack odor, and are completely unusable medicinally. Current physicians no longer use the fruits. Chen Yuxi et al., according to *Shu Ben*, record: There is an abundance near stones in Xiegu of Zhongnan Mountain. Currently, market vendors often confuse... [text fragment] ...Shinan. It primarily clears heat, is incompatible with Xiao Ji (Cirsii Herba), is non-toxic. It can augment Kidney Qi, treat soft legs, irritability and pain, kill parasites, and drive out various winds. Although it nourishes the interior of the Kidneys, it may lead to impotence.
*Tujing Bencao* records: Shinan grows in the valleys of Huayin and is now found throughout the north and south. It grows on rocks, with some plants being very tall. Those from the Jianghu region have leaves like loquat leaves, with small thorns, remaining evergreen through winter. In spring, white flowers bloom in clusters. In autumn, fine red fruits form. Those from Guanlong have leaves resembling Ma Cao (Illicium verum or similar aromatic herbs), yellowish-green with purple spots on the back. When there is much rain, they grow together, reaching two to three inches in length. The roots are horizontal and thin, purple in color. They produce no flowers or fruits, but the leaves are extremely dense. People in the north and south often transplant them into courtyards for their pleasant shade that blocks sunlight. For medicinal use, the fine leaves from Guanzhong are best. Leaves are harvested in February and April, fruits in April, and dried in shade. *Wei Wang Huamu Ji* states: In the South, the bark of Shinan tree is used to make fish soup, which is especially delicious. This practice is rarely heard of today. Below, under the entry for Nan Cai (Nanmu wood), it is noted that the tree resembles Shinan but is taller. The leaves are slightly smaller, and the wood is suitable for beams and pillars; however, it is rarely used in medical prescriptions today.
*Yanyi* states: Shinan leaves resemble smaller loquat leaves, but lack hair on the back, appearing smooth and unwrinkled. Flowers bloom in January and February. In winter, two leaves serve as flower buds. Once the bud opens, there are about fifteen flowers inside, similar in size to Toosendan flowers (Meliae Flos), very delicate. Each bud is roughly the size of a marble, forming a ball. Each flower has six petals, and one cluster contains seven or eight balls. The color is pale white-green, with the petal tips slightly reddish. When the flowers open, the stamens fill the bloom, so only stamens are visible, not petals. After flowering, last year's green leaves fall off completely, and new leaves gradually emerge. It is most suitable for treating Kidney deficiency and leg weakness. However, it is scarce in Jingluo, Hebei, Hedong, and Shandong, so people use it less. It is abundant in Hunan/Hubei, Jiangxi/Zhejiang, and Liangzhe, so it is used more frequently. The southern fruits are now absolutely usable by physicians.