\r石斛\pd92.bmp\r
味甘，平，无毒。主伤中，除痹，下气，补五脏，虚劳羸瘦，强阴，益精，补内绝不
足，平胃气，长肌肉，逐皮肤邪热痱（音沸）气，脚膝疼冷痹弱。久服浓肠胃，轻身延年，
定
志除惊。一名林兰，一名禁生，一名杜兰，一名石 （音逐）。生六安山谷水旁石上。七月、
八月采茎，阴干。（陆英为之使，恶凝水石、巴豆，畏僵蚕、雷丸。）
陶隐居云∶今用石斛，出始兴。生石上，细实，桑灰汤沃之，色如金，形似蚱（音窄）
蜢（音
猛）髀者为佳。近道亦有，次宣城间生栎树上者，名木斛。其茎形长大而色浅。六安属庐江
，今始安亦出木斛，至虚长，不入丸散，唯可为酒渍、煮汤用尔。俗方最以补虚，疗脚膝。
唐本注云∶作干石斛，先以酒洗，捋蒸炙成，不用灰汤。今荆襄及汉中、江左又有二种∶一
者似大麦，累累相连，头生一叶而性冷。一种大如雀髀，名雀髀斛，生酒渍服，乃言胜干者
。亦如麦斛，叶在茎端，其余斛如竹，节间生叶也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶石斛，君。
益
气除热，主治男子腰肢软弱，健阳，逐皮肌风痹，骨中久冷虚损，补肾，积精，腰痛，养肾
气，益力。日华子云∶治虚损劣弱，壮筋骨，暖水脏，轻身益智，平胃气，逐虚邪。
图经曰∶石斛，生六安山谷水旁石上，今荆、湖、川、广州郡及温、台州亦有之，以广
南者为
佳。多在山谷中。五月生苗，茎似竹节，节节间出碎叶。七月开花，十月结实，其根细长，
黄色。七月、八月采茎。以桑灰汤沃之，色如金，阴干用。或云以酒洗，捋蒸炙成，不用灰
汤。其江南生者有二种∶一种似大麦，累累相连，头生一叶，名麦斛。一种大如雀髀，名雀
髀斛，唯生石上者胜。亦有生栎木上者，名木斛，不堪用。
雷公云∶凡使，先去头土了，用酒浸一宿，漉出于日中曝干，却用酥蒸，从巳至酉，却
徐徐
焙干用。石斛锁涎，涩丈夫元气。如斯修事，服满一镒，永无骨痛。
衍义曰∶石斛，细若小草，长三、四寸，柔韧，折之如肉而实。今人多以木斛浑行，医
工亦
不
能明辨。世又谓之金钗石斛，盖后人取象而言之。然甚不经。将木斛折之，中虚如禾草，长
尺余，但色深黄光泽而已。真石斛，治胃中虚热有功。
石斛
味甘，性平，无毒。主治损伤中气，祛除痹证，降逆下气，补益五脏，治疗虚劳消瘦，强壮阴精，补充体内不足之气，调和胃气，促进肌肉生长，驱除皮肤邪热痱气，治疗脚膝疼痛、冷痹及虚弱无力。长期服用可厚肠胃，轻身延年，安定神志，消除惊悸。又名林兰，又名禁生，又名杜兰，又名石（音逐）。产于六安山谷水边岩石上。七月、八月采集茎部，阴干。（陆英为其辅药，忌与凝水石、巴豆同用，畏僵蚕、雷丸。）
陶隐居说：现在使用的石斛，出自始兴。生长在岩石上，果实细小，用桑灰汤浇灌后，颜色如金，形状像蚱蜢大腿的为佳品。邻近地区也有，次一等的是宣城间生长在栎树上的，名叫木斛。其茎形长大而颜色浅。六安属于庐江郡，现在始安也出产木斛，非常虚长，不能入丸散剂，只能用于酒浸或煮汤。世俗方书最常用它来补虚，治疗脚膝疾病。
《唐本草》注解说：制作干石斛，先用酒洗，搓揉蒸炙而成，不用灰汤。现在荆襄及汉中、江左又有两种：一种像大麦，累累相连，头生一片叶子而性冷。一种大如雀腿，名叫雀髀斛，生于酒渍服，据说胜过干石斛。也像麦斛，叶在茎端，其余石斛如竹，节间生叶。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：石斛为君药。益气除热，主治男子腰肢软弱，健阳，驱除皮肌风痹，骨中久冷虚损，补肾，积精，腰痛，养肾气，益力。日华子说：治疗虚损劣弱，壮筋骨，暖水脏，轻身益智，平胃气，逐虚邪。
《图经》说：石斛，产于六安山谷水边岩石上，现在荆、湖、川、广州郡及温、台州也有，以广南者为佳。多在山谷中。五月生苗，茎似竹节，节节间出碎叶。七月开花，十月结实，其根细长，黄色。七月、八月采茎。用桑灰汤浇灌，颜色如金，阴干使用。有人说用酒洗，搓揉蒸炙而成，不用灰汤。江南生长的有两种：一种像大麦，累累相连，头生一叶，名叫麦斛。一种大如雀腿，名叫雀髀斛，只有生在石头上的为好。也有生在栎木上的，名叫木斛，不堪使用。
雷公说：凡是使用，先去掉头部泥土，用酒浸泡一夜，捞出在阳光下晒干，再用酥蒸，从巳时至酉时，再慢慢焙干使用。石斛锁涎，涩丈夫元气。如此修治，服满一镒，永远无骨痛。
《衍义》说：石斛，细若小草，长三、四寸，柔韧，折之如肉而实。今人多以木斛混用，医工也不能明辨。世又谓之金钗石斛，盖后人取象而言之。然甚不经。将木斛折之，中虚如禾草，长尺余，但色深黄光泽而已。真石斛，治胃中虚热有功。
Dendrobium (Shihu)
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats damage to the middle jiao (middle energizer), eliminates bi syndrome (painful obstruction), directs rebellious qi downward, tonifies the five zang organs, treats deficiency exhaustion and emaciation, strengthens yin and essence, supplements internal insufficiency, harmonizes stomach qi, promotes muscle growth, expels pathogenic heat and fei qi (heat rash) from the skin, and treats pain, cold-bi, and weakness in the legs and knees. Long-term consumption thickens the intestines and stomach, lightens the body, prolongs life, stabilizes the mind, and eliminates fright. Also known as Linlan, Jinsheng, Dulan, or Shi (pronounced 'zhu'). Grows on rocks by water in the valleys of Lu'an. The stems are harvested in July and August and dried in the shade. (Lu Ying serves as its assistant; it is incompatible with Ning Shui Shi and Ba Dou, and fears Jiang Can and Lei Wan.)
Tao Hongjing states: The Dendrobium currently used comes from Shixing. It grows on rocks, has small fruits, and when soaked in mulch ash water, turns golden in color and resembles the thigh of a grasshopper; this is considered the best quality. It is also found in nearby regions, specifically growing on oak trees in the Xuancheng area, known as Mu Hu (Wood Dendrobium). Its stems are large but pale in color. Lu'an belongs to Lujiang Commandery; now Shian also produces Mu Hu, which is very hollow and long, unsuitable for pills and powders, and can only be used for wine infusion or decoction. Popular prescriptions most often use it to tonify deficiency and treat leg and knee ailments.
The Commentary on the Tang Materia Medica notes: To prepare dried Dendrobium, first wash with wine, rub, steam, and roast; do not use ash water. In Jingxiang, Hanzhong, and Jiangzuo, there are two types: one resembles barley, linked together, with a single leaf at the tip and a cold nature; the other is as large as a sparrow's thigh, named Que Bi Hu (Sparrow Thigh Dendrobium), grown in wine-infused form, said to surpass the dried variety. Like Mai Hu (Wheat Dendrobium), it has leaves at the stem tips, while other Dendrobiums resemble bamboo with leaves growing between the nodes. Minister Yuxi et al. carefully note according to *Xing Ming Lun* (Treatise on Drug Properties): Dendrobium is the sovereign drug. It benefits qi and clears heat, mainly treating weak waist and limbs in men, strengthening yang, expelling wind-bi from skin and muscles, chronic cold and deficiency in bones, tonifying the kidney, accumulating essence, treating lower back pain, nourishing kidney qi, and increasing strength. Ri Huazi states: It treats deficiency and weakness, strengthens sinews and bones, warms the water organ (kidney/bladder), lightens the body and enhances intelligence, harmonizes stomach qi, and expels deficient pathogens.
The Illustrated Classic states: Dendrobium grows on rocks by water in the valleys of Lu'an. It is now found in Jing, Hu, Chuan, Guang commanderies, as well as Wen and Taizhou, with those from Guangnan being the best. It mostly grows in valleys. Seedlings emerge in May; the stem resembles bamboo joints, with small leaves emerging between each joint. Flowers bloom in July, fruit sets in October, and the roots are slender and yellow. Stems are harvested in July and August. Soaked in mulch ash water, they turn golden and are dried in the shade. Some say they are washed in wine, rubbed, steamed, and roasted, without using ash water. Those growing in Jiangnan come in two types: one resembles barley, linked together, with a single leaf at the head, named Mai Hu (Wheat Dendrobium). The other is as large as a sparrow's thigh, named Que Bi Hu (Sparrow Thigh Dendrobium); only those growing on rocks are superior. There are also those growing on oak wood, named Mu Hu (Wood Dendrobium), which are unsuitable for use.
Lei Gong states: When processing, first remove the soil from the head, soak in wine overnight, drain and dry in the sun, then steam with butter from Si hour to You hour, and slowly bake dry for use. Dendrobium locks saliva and astringes male yuan qi. If processed thus and consumed up to one yi (a unit of weight), bone pain will never occur.
Yan Yi states: Dendrobium is thin like small grass, three to four cun long, flexible, and breaks like meat but is solid inside. Nowadays, people often confuse it with Mu Hu, and medical practitioners cannot clearly distinguish them. The world also calls it Jinchai Shihu (Gold Hairpin Dendrobium), likely because later generations described it based on its shape. However, this is highly inappropriate. When breaking Mu Hu, the center is hollow like grain stalks, over a chi long, merely dark yellow and glossy. True Dendrobium is effective in treating empty heat in the stomach.