\r芜青\pd472.bmp\r
味辛，微温，有毒。主蛊毒，风疰，鬼疰，堕胎。三月取，曝干。
陶隐居云∶芫花时取之，青黑色，亦疗鼠 。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶形大小如斑蝥，
纯青绿色，今出宁州也。
图经曰∶芫青，《本经》不载所出州土，今处处有之。其形颇与斑蝥相类，但纯青绿色，
背
上一道黄纹，尖喙。三、四月芫花发时乃生，多就花上采之，曝干。凡用斑蝥、芫青、亭长
之
类，当以糯米同炒，看米色黄黑，即为熟，便出之。去头、足及翅翼，更以乱发裹之，挂屋
东营一宿，然后用之，则去毒矣。旧说斑蝥、芫青、葛上亭长、地胆皆一类而随时变。古方
∶皆用之。深师疗淋用亭长，说之最详。云；取葛上亭长，折断腹，腹中有白子如小米二、
三
分，取着白板子上阴干燥，二、三日药成。若有人患十年淋，服三枚；八、九年以还，服二
枚。服时以水着小杯中，水如枣许，纳药盏中，爪甲研，当扁扁见于水中，仰头，乃令人写
着咽喉中，勿令近牙齿间，药虽微小，下喉自觉当至下焦淋所，有顷，药大作，烦急不可堪
者，饮干麦饭汁，则药势止也。若无干麦饭，但水亦可耳。老、小服三分之一，当下淋疾如
脓血连连尔。石去者，或如指头，或青，或黄，男女服之皆愈。此虫四月、五月、六月为葛
上亭长，七月为斑蝥，九月、十月为地胆。随时变耳。亭长时，头当赤，身黑。若药不快，
淋不下，以意节度，更增服之。今医家多只用斑蝥、芫青，而亭长、地胆稀有使者。人亦少
采捕，既不得其详，故不备载。
雷公云∶芫青、斑蝥、亭长、赤头等四件，其样各不同，所居、所食、所效各不同。其
芫青
嘴尖，背上有一画黄。斑蝥背上一画黄，一画黑，觜尖处一小点赤，在豆叶上居，食豆叶汁。
亭长形黑黄，在蔓叶上居，食蔓胶汁。赤头，额上有大红一点，身黑。用各有长处。凡修事
芫青、斑蝥、亭长、赤头并用糯米、小麻子相拌同炒，待米黄黑出，去麻子等，去两翅、足
并头，用血余裹，悬于东墙角上一夜，至明取用。
味辛，性微温，有毒。主治蛊毒、风疰（由风邪引起的注病）、鬼疰（由鬼邪引起的注病），以及堕胎。三月采收，晒干。
陶隐居说：在芫花盛开时采集，颜色青黑，也能治疗鼠瘘（淋巴结结核）。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本图经》记载：形状大小像斑蝥，纯青绿色，现在产于宁州。
《图经》说：芜青，《神农本草经》未记载其出产的州土，如今到处都有。它的形状与斑蝥很相似，只是纯青绿色，背部有一道黄纹，嘴尖。三、四月芫花开放时生长，多在花上采摘，晒干。凡是使用斑蝥、芜青、亭长这类药物，应当用糯米同炒，看到米变成黄黑色，就是炒熟了，立即取出。去掉头、足和翅膀，再用乱发包裹，挂在屋子东墙下过一夜，然后使用，就能去除毒性。旧时说斑蝥、芜青、葛上亭长、地胆都是一类东西，随时间变化而名称不同。古方中都用它们。深师治疗淋证（小便频数短涩、滴沥刺痛）用亭长，说得最详细。说：取葛上亭长，折断腹部，腹中有白色籽粒如小米大二三分，放在白板上阴干，两三天药就制成了。如果有人患十年淋证，服三枚；八、九年以上的，服二枚。服用时，将水倒入小杯中，水量如枣核许，把药放入杯盏中，用指甲研磨，药片扁平浮于水中，仰头，让人将药写入咽喉中，不要让药接近牙齿间。药虽然微小，吞下喉后自觉会到达下焦淋证部位，过了一会儿，药效大发，烦躁急迫难以忍受时，喝干麦饭汁，药势就会停止。如果没有干麦饭，只用水也可以。老人、小孩服用三分之一，当下出淋疾如脓血连连。石淋患者，结石有的如指头大，有的青色，有的黄色，男女服用都能痊愈。这种虫四月、五月、六月叫葛上亭长，七月叫斑蝥，九月、十月叫地胆。随季节变化而已。亭长时期，头应当是红色的，身体黑色。如果药力不快，淋症不下，凭心意斟酌剂量，增加服用量。现在的医家多只用斑蝥、芜青，而亭长、地胆很少使用。人们也少去采捕，既然不得其详，所以不详细记载。
雷公说：芜青、斑蝥、亭长、赤头这四种，样子各不相同，栖息地、食物、疗效也各不相同。芜青嘴尖，背上一道黄纹。斑蝥背上一道黄纹，一道黑纹，嘴尖处有一点红，居住在豆叶上，吃豆叶汁。亭长形黑黄，居住在蔓叶上，吃蔓胶汁。赤头，额上有大红点，身体黑。各自有长处。凡是炮制芜青、斑蝥、亭长、赤头，都用糯米、小麻子拌合同炒，待米变黄黑取出，去掉麻子等，去掉两翅、足和头，用血余（头发）包裹，悬挂在东墙角下一夜，到明天早晨取用。
Wanqing (Lytta vesicatoria)
Pungent, slightly warm, toxic. Primarily treats gu poison (poison caused by insects or parasites), feng zhu (disease transmitted by wind pathogens), gui zhu (disease attributed to malevolent spirits), and induces abortion. Harvested in the third lunar month, dried in the sun.
Tao Hongjing stated: Collect it when Yuanhua (Kadsura longipedunculata flowers) blooms; it is dark greenish-black, and can also treat shu lou (scrofula/lymphatic tuberculosis). Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the Shu Ben Tu Jing, recorded: Its shape and size resemble Banmao (Mylabris phalerata); it is purely green-blue, and currently originates from Ningzhou.
Tu Jing stated: Wanqing is not listed with its origin provinces in the Ben Jing (Shennong Ben Cao Jing). It is found everywhere now. Its shape is quite similar to Banmao, but it is purely green-blue, with a single yellow stripe on its back and a pointed beak. It appears in the third and fourth lunar months when Yuanhua blooms; it is mostly collected from the flowers and dried. When using Banmao, Wanqing, Tingchang (Lytta caraganae), or similar species, they should be stir-fried together with glutinous rice. When the rice turns yellowish-black, it indicates proper cooking; remove immediately. Remove the head, legs, and wings, wrap them in loose hair, hang them under the east wall of the house overnight, then use them to eliminate toxicity. Old theories state that Banmao, Wanqing, Ge Shang Tingchang, and Di Dan are the same type of insect changing names with time. Ancient prescriptions used all of them. Shen Shi treated lin syndrome (dysuria) using Tingchang, describing it most thoroughly. He said: Take Ge Shang Tingchang, break its abdomen; inside are white seeds like millet grains, about two or three fen in size. Place them on a white board to dry in the shade for two or three days until the medicine is ready. If someone suffers from ten-year lin syndrome, take three pills; if eight or nine years, take two pills. To administer, pour water into a small cup, amount like a jujube pit, place the medicine in the cup, grind with fingernails until flat pieces float on the water surface. Tilt the head back, have someone apply the medicine to the throat, avoiding contact with teeth. Though minute, upon swallowing, one feels it reaching the lower jiao where the lin syndrome lies. After a while, the drug effect becomes strong, causing unbearable restlessness and urgency; drink dried wheat meal juice to stop the drug's action. If no dried wheat meal is available, plain water suffices. Elderly and children take one-third dose. The lin discharge will follow like pus and blood continuously. For patients with stone lin, stones may be finger-sized, green or yellow; both men and women recover after taking it. This insect is called Ge Shang Tingchang in April, May, June; Banmao in July; and Di Dan in September, October. It changes with the seasons. During the Tingchang stage, the head should be red, body black. If the drug effect is slow and lin does not pass, adjust dosage by intuition and increase intake. Current physicians mostly use only Banmao and Wanqing, rarely using Tingchang or Di Dan. People also rarely collect them; since details are unknown, they are not fully recorded here.
Lei Gong stated: Wanqing, Banmao, Tingchang, and Chitou (Lytta cichorii) differ in appearance, habitat, diet, and efficacy. Wanqing has a pointed beak and a single yellow stripe on its back. Banmao has one yellow stripe and one black stripe on its back, with a small red dot at the beak tip; it lives on soybean leaves and feeds on soybean leaf sap. Tingchang is blackish-yellow, lives on vine leaves, and feeds on vine gum. Chitou has a large red spot on the forehead and a black body. Each has its advantages. For processing Wanqing, Banmao, Tingchang, and Chitou, mix with glutinous rice and small hemp seeds, stir-fry together until the rice turns yellowish-black, remove the seeds, discard wings, legs, and heads, wrap in xu yu (burnt human hair), hang in the corner of the east wall overnight, and use the next morning.