\r菘（音蒿）\pd525.bmp\r
味甘，温，无毒。主通利肠胃，除胸中烦，解酒渴。
陶隐居云∶菜中有菘，最为常食，性和利人，无余逆忤，今人多食。如似小冷，而又耐
霜雪
。其子可作油，敷头长发；涂刀剑，令不锈（音秀）。其有数种，犹是一类，正论其美与不
美
尔。服药有甘草而食菘，即令病不除。唐本注云∶菘菜不生北土，有人将子北种，初一年半
为芜菁，二年菘种都绝，将芜菁子南种，亦二年都变。土地所宜，颇有此例。其子亦随色变
，但粗细无异尔。菘子黑，蔓荆子紫赤，大小相似。唯芦菔子黄赤色，大数倍，复不圆也。
其菘有三种∶有牛肚菘，叶最大浓，味甘；紫菘，叶薄细，味少苦；白菘似蔓荆也。臣禹锡
等谨按陈藏器云∶去鱼腥，动气发病，姜能制其毒。叶大多毛者是。萧炳云∶北人居南方，
不胜土地之宜，遂病足，尤宜忌菘菜。又云∶消食下气，治瘴气，止热气嗽，冬汁尤佳。日
华子云∶凉，微毒。多食发皮肤风瘙痒。梗长，叶瘦，高者为菘，叶阔浓短肥而痹及梗细者
，为芜菁菜也。陈士良云∶紫花菘，平，无毒。行风气，去邪热气。花可以糟下酒藏，甚美
。尔雅云∶苞 菜，吴人呼楚菘，广南人呼秦菘，此菘苔不毒，宜食之。
图经曰∶菘，旧不载所出州土，今南北皆有之。与芜菁相类，梗长叶不光者为芜菁；梗
短叶
阔浓而肥痹者为菘。旧说菘不生北土，人有将子北土种之，初一年半为芜菁，二年菘种都绝，
种菘，都类南种，但肥浓差不及耳。扬州一种菘，叶圆而大，或若
，啖之无滓，绝胜他土者，此所谓白菘也。又有牛肚菘，叶最大浓，味甘，疑今扬州菘。
近之紫菘，叶薄细，味小苦。北土无有菘，比芜菁有小毒，不宜多食，然能杀鱼腥，最相宜
也。多食过度，唯生姜可解其性。
食疗∶温。治消渴。又发诸风冷。有热人食之亦不发病，即明其性冷。本草云温，未解。
又
，消食，亦少下气。九英菘，出河西，叶极大，根亦粗长。和羊肉甚美。常食之，都不见发
病
之，能消宿食，下气治嗽。诸家商略，性冷，非温，恐误也。又，
北无菘菜，南无芜菁。其蔓荆子细，菜子粗也。圣惠方∶治酒醉不醒。用菘菜子二合，细
研，井华水一盏调，为二服。食医心镜∶主通利肠胃，除胸中烦热，解酒渴。菘菜二斤，煮
作羹
亦得。伤寒类要∶辟温病。菘菜如粟米，酒服方寸匕，日三，辟五年
杵地菘汁一升，日再服，
以瘥止。子母秘录∶主小儿赤游，行于上下，至
衍义曰∶菘菜，张仲景《伤寒论》，凡用甘草皆禁菘菜者，是此菘菜也。叶如芜菁，绿
色，
差淡，其味微苦，叶嫩、稍阔，不益中，虚人食之觉冷。
菘（读音同“嵩”）
味甘，性温，无毒。主要功效为通利肠胃，消除胸中的烦闷感，解除酒后口渴。
陶弘景说：蔬菜中有菘，是最常见的食用蔬菜，性质平和，利于人体，没有其他的禁忌冲突，现在很多人食用。它似乎略微偏冷，而且能够耐受霜雪。它的种子可以榨油，涂抹在头发上可以使头发生长；涂在刀剑上，能防止生锈。菘有好几种，但都属于同一类，只是论其美味与否罢了。如果服药时含有甘草，同时食用菘，就会导致疾病无法痊愈。《唐本草》注解说：菘菜不在北方土地生长，有人将种子带到北方种植，第一年或一年半后变成了芜菁，第二年菘的种子就完全消失了；如果把芜菁的种子带到南方种植，两年后也全部变了样。土地适宜性的改变，有很多这样的例子。菘的种子颜色也会随着环境变化，但粗细没有区别。菘子是黑色的，蔓荆子是紫红色的，大小相似。只有萝卜子（芦菔子）是黄红色的，体积大好几倍，而且不圆。菘主要有三种：有牛肚菘，叶子最大最浓密，味道甘甜；紫菘，叶子薄而细，味道略带苦味；白菘类似蔓荆。臣禹锡等人谨按陈藏器的说法：菘能去除鱼腥味，但容易动气引发疾病，生姜能制约它的毒性。叶子多毛的是菘。萧炳说：北方人居住在南方，不适应南方的水土，于是生病，尤其应该忌食菘菜。又说：菘能消食下气，治疗瘴气，止住因热气引起的咳嗽，冬季的汁液尤其好。日华子说：菘性凉，微毒。多吃会引发皮肤风瘙痒。茎长、叶瘦、植株高的是菘；叶宽、浓密、短粗且肥厚、茎细的是芜菁菜。陈士良说：紫花菘，性平，无毒。能行风气，去除邪热之气。花可以用酒糟腌制酿酒，非常美味。《尔雅》说：苞菜，吴地人叫它楚菘，广南人叫它秦菘，这种菘苔无毒，适合食用。
《图经本草》说：菘，旧籍没有记载出产的州土，现在南北都有。与芜菁相似，茎长、叶不光滑的是芜菁；茎短、叶宽、浓密、短粗且肥厚的是菘。旧说认为菘不在北方生长，有人将种子在北方种植，第一年或一年半变成芜菁，第二年菘种完全消失；种植菘，都像南方种植的一样，只是肥厚程度稍差一些。扬州有一种菘，叶子圆而大，或者像……，吃下去没有渣滓，绝对胜过其他地方的，这就是所谓的白菘。又有牛肚菘，叶子最大最浓密，味道甘甜，怀疑就是现在的扬州菘。近来的紫菘，叶子薄而细，味道微苦。北方没有菘，比芜菁有小毒，不宜多吃，然而它能杀鱼腥味，最合适不过。吃得过多，只有生姜可以解其毒性。
食疗方面：性温。治疗消渴症。又会引发各种风冷病。有热体质的人吃了也不发病，这就说明它的性质是冷的。《本草》说性温，我不理解。又能消食，也稍微有点下气的作用。九英菘，产自河西，叶子极大，根也粗长。和羊肉一起煮非常美味。经常食用，都不见发病，能消化宿食，下气治咳。各家讨论，认为其性冷，不是温，恐怕是错误的。另外，北方没有菘菜，南方没有芜菁。蔓荆子细，菜子粗。《圣惠方》：治疗醉酒不醒。用菘菜子二合，细细研磨，用清晨的第一井水一盏调服，分两次服用。《食医心镜》：主要功效为通利肠胃，消除胸中烦热，解除酒后口渴。菘菜二斤，煮成羹也可以。《伤寒类要》：预防温病。菘菜如粟米大小，用酒送服方寸匕，每天三次，可预防五年内的温病。杵取地菘汁一升，每天服用两次，以病愈为止。《子母秘录》：主治小儿赤游丹，游走于身体上下，直到……
《衍义》说：菘菜，张仲景《伤寒论》中，凡是使用甘草都禁止食用菘菜的，指的就是这种菘菜。叶子像芜菁，绿色，颜色较淡，味道微苦，叶子嫩、稍宽，不适合中老年人，体虚的人吃了会觉得冷。
Song (pronounced "Song")
Taste is sweet, nature is warm, non-toxic. It primarily promotes the free flow of the intestines and stomach, eliminates vexation in the chest, and relieves thirst after drinking alcohol.
Tao Hongjing said: Among vegetables, Song is the most commonly eaten. Its nature is mild and beneficial to people, with no other contraindications or conflicts. Many people eat it now. It seems slightly cold and can withstand frost and snow. Its seeds can be pressed into oil; applied to hair, it promotes growth; applied to swords and knives, it prevents rusting. There are several varieties, but they all belong to the same category, differing only in their quality of taste. If one takes medicine containing Gancao (Licorice Root) and eats Song at the same time, the disease will not be cured. The annotation in *Tang Bencao* states: Song does not grow in northern lands. When someone brings the seeds to the north for planting, after one year or a year and a half, it becomes Turnip (*Brassica rapa*); by the second year, the Song seeds disappear completely. Conversely, if Turnip seeds are brought south for planting, they also change completely after two years. Changes due to soil suitability are common examples. The color of the seeds changes accordingly, but the thickness remains the same. Song seeds are black, Manjing seeds are purple-red, and they are similar in size. Only Radish seeds (*Lufu Zi*) are yellow-red, several times larger, and not round. There are three types of Song: Niudu Song has the largest and densest leaves and tastes sweet; Zi Song has thin and fine leaves with a slightly bitter taste; Bai Song resembles Manjing. Chen Yuxi and others, following Chen Cangqi, stated: Song removes fishy odors but can move Qi and trigger diseases; Shengjiang (Ginger Rhizome) can neutralize its toxicity. The variety with many hairs on the leaves is Song. Xiao Bing said: Northerners living in the south may suffer from diseases due to unsuitability to the local environment; they should particularly avoid eating Song. It also says: Song aids digestion and directs Qi downward, treats miasma, and stops coughs caused by heat; winter juice is especially good. Ri Huazi said: Song is cool and slightly toxic. Excessive consumption induces skin wind and itching. Stems that are long, leaves that are thin and sparse, and tall plants are Song; leaves that are broad, dense, short, thick, and fleshy, with thin stems, are Turnip vegetables. Chen Shiliang said: Purple-flowered Song is neutral in nature and non-toxic. It circulates wind Qi and eliminates pathogenic heat. Flowers can be preserved in wine lees for brewing, which is very delicious. *Erya* states: Bao Cai is called Chu Song by people in Wu and Qin Song by people in Guangnan. This type of Song moss is non-toxic and suitable for consumption.
*Tujing* states: Song was not recorded in older texts regarding its place of origin; now it is found both north and south. It is similar to Turnip. Plants with long stems and smooth leaves are Turnip; those with short stems and broad, dense, short, thick, and fleshy leaves are Song. Old theories claimed Song did not grow in the north. When people planted seeds in the north, after one year or a year and a half, it became Turnip, and by the second year, Song seeds vanished. Planting Song resulted in crops similar to southern varieties, though less robust. Yangzhou has a variety of Song with round and large leaves, or resembling..., which has no residue when eaten and surpasses those from other regions; this is known as Bai Song. There is also Niudu Song, with the largest and densest leaves and a sweet taste, suspected to be the current Yangzhou Song. Recent Zi Song has thin and fine leaves with a slightly bitter taste. The north lacks Song, which has slight toxicity compared to Turnip and should not be eaten in excess, although it effectively counteracts fishy odors. Overconsumption can be countered by Shengjiang (Ginger Rhizome).
Dietary therapy: Nature is warm. Treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome). However, it can induce various wind-cold conditions. People with heat constitutions do not get sick after eating it, indicating its nature is actually cold. The *Bencao* states it is warm, which I do not understand. It also aids digestion and slightly directs Qi downward. Jiuying Song originates from Hexi, with extremely large leaves and thick, long roots. Cooked with lamb meat, it is very delicious. Regular consumption does not cause illness; it digests retained food, directs Qi downward, and treats coughs. Various scholars discuss that its nature is cold, not warm, suggesting the warm classification might be an error. Additionally, there is no Song in the north and no Turnip in the south. Manjing seeds are fine, while vegetable seeds are coarse. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats persistent drunkenness. Use Erhe of Song seeds, finely ground, mixed with one cup of well water drawn at dawn, divided into two doses. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Primarily promotes the free flow of the intestines and stomach, eliminates vexation-heat in the chest, and relieves post-alcohol thirst. Two jin of Song can be boiled into a soup. *Shanghan Leyao*: Prevents Wen Bing (Warm Diseases). Consume Song pieces the size of millet grains, taken with wine, one Fangcunbi per dose, three times a day, to prevent Warm Diseases for five years. Crush fresh Song juice, one sheng, taken twice daily, until recovery. *Zimu Milu*: Treats Chi You Dan (Red Roaming Carbuncle) in children, which moves up and down the body...
*Yanyi* states: Song, in Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*, whenever Gancao (Licorice Root) is used, Song is prohibited. This refers to this specific Song. Leaves resemble Turnip, green in color, lighter shade, slightly bitter taste, tender and slightly broad leaves. Not suitable for middle-aged and elderly people; those with deficiency constitutions feel cold after eating it.