\r蚱（音笮又音侧）蝉\pd434.bmp\r
味咸、甘，寒，无毒。主小儿惊痫，夜啼，癫病，寒热，惊悸，妇人乳
难，胞衣不出，又堕胎。生杨柳上。五月采，蒸干之，勿令 。
陶隐居云∶蚱字音作笮，即是哑（乌下切）蝉。哑蝉，雌蝉也，不能鸣者。蝉类甚多。
《庄子
》云∶蟪蛄不知春秋，则是今四月、五月小紫青色者。而《离骚》云∶蟪蛄鸣兮啾啾，岁暮
兮不自聊，此乃寒 尔，九月、十月中，鸣甚凄急；又二月中便鸣者名 （音宁）母，似寒
而小；七月、八月鸣者名 （音雕） （音辽），色青。今此云生杨柳树上是。《诗》云∶鸣
蜩
者，形大而黑，伛偻丈夫，止是掇此，昔人啖之。故《礼》有雀、 （音晏）、蜩、范，
范有冠，蝉有 ，亦谓此蜩。此蜩复五月便鸣。俗云五月不鸣，婴儿多灾，今其疗亦专主小
儿也。唐本注云∶《别录》云，壳名枯蝉，一名伏 （音育）。主小儿痫，女人生子不出。灰
服之，主久痢。又云蚱者，鸣蝉也，主小儿痫，绝不能言。今云哑蝉，哑蝉则雌蝉也，极乖
体用，按诸虫兽，以雄者为良也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶此鸣蝉也，六月、七月收，
蒸干之。陶云是哑蝉，不能鸣者，雌蝉也。二说既相矛盾。今据《玉篇》云∶蚱者，蝉声也。
如此则非哑蝉明矣。且蝉类甚多，有蟪蛄、寒 之名。又《尔雅》云∶ ，马蜩。 ，寒蜩
。皆蝉也。按《礼记》云∶仲夏之月，蝉始鸣。《本经》云∶五月采，即是此也，其余不
入药用。药性论云∶蚱蝉，使，味酸。主治小儿惊哭不止，杀疳虫，去壮热，治肠中幽幽作
声。又云∶蝉蜕，使，主治小儿浑身壮热，惊痫，兼能止渴。
图经曰∶蚱（音笮又音侧）蝉，《本经》不载所出州土，但云生杨柳上，今在处有之。
陶隐居
以为哑蝉。苏恭以为鸣蝉。二说不同。按∶字书解蚱字云∶蝉声也。《月令》∶仲夏之月，蝉
始鸣，言五月始有此蝉鸣也。而《本经》亦云五月采，正与《月令》所记始鸣者同时。如此
苏
说得之矣。蝉类甚多，《尔雅》云∶ ，马蜩。郭璞注云∶蜩中最大者为马蝉。今夏中所鸣
者，比众蝉最大。陶又引《诗》鸣蜩 。云是形大而黑，昔人所啖者。又礼冠之饰附蝉者
，亦黑而大，皆此类也。然则《尔雅》所谓马蜩，诗人所谓鸣蜩，《月令》礼家所谓蝉，本
草所谓蚱蝉。其实一种。蝉类虽众，而为时用者，独此一种耳。又医方∶多用蝉壳，亦此蝉
所蜕壳也，又名枯蝉。本生于土中，云是蜣螂所转丸，久而化成此虫，至复便登木而蜕。采
得
当蒸熟，令勿蠹。今蜀中有一种蝉，其蜕壳头上有一角如花冠状，谓之蝉花，西人有 至都
下者，医工云入药最奇。
陈藏器∶蟪蛄、寒 、 、宁母、蜩、范并蝉，注∶陶云蟪蛄，四月、五月鸣，小小
紫色
者。而《离骚》云∶蟪蛄鸣兮啾啾，此乃寒 耳。二月鸣者名宁母，似寒 而小。七月鸣者
名
，色青。《诗》曰∶鸣蜩 ，形大而黑，古人食之。《古礼》云∶雀、 、蜩、范，
范有冠，蝉有 ，按蜩以上五虫，并蝉属也。《本经》云∶蝼蛄，一名蟪蛄，本功外，其脑
煮汁服，主产后胞不出。自有正传，然蟪蛄非蝼蛄，二物名字参错耳。《字林》云∶蝉，蟪
蛄也； ，蝉属也。《草木疏》云∶蝉，一名 。青、徐间谓之 ，楚人名之蟪蛄，秦
、燕谓之 。郭璞注云∶俗呼之为蝉，宋、卫谓之蜩螗，楚谓之蟪蛄，关东谓之 。陶
又注桑螵蛸云∶俗呼螳螂为 ，螳螂即非蝉类，陶误也。蜩 退皮研，一钱匕，井花水服
，主呀病。寒 、蜩、范，《月令》谓 也。宁母亦小蝉。《礼》注云∶蜩，蝉也；范，蜂
也。已有《本经》自蜩以上，并无别功也。圣惠方∶治风头旋。用蝉壳一两，微炒为末。
非时温酒下一钱匕。集验方∶治风气客皮肤，瘙痒不已。蝉蜕、薄荷叶等分，为末。酒调一
钱
匕，日三服。御药院∶治头风目眩。蝉蜕末，熟汤下。
衍义曰∶蚱蝉，夏月身与声皆大者是。始终一般声，仍皆乘昏夜方∶出土中，升高处，
背壳
坼蝉出。所以皆夜出者，一以畏人，二畏日炙，干其壳而不能蜕也。至时寒则坠地，小儿蓄
之，
虽数日亦不须食。古人以谓饮风露，信有之，盖不粪而溺，亦可见矣。西川有蝉花，乃是蝉
在壳中不出，而化为花，自顶中出。又壳治目昏翳。又水煎壳汁，治小儿出疮疹不快，甚良
。
蚱蝉（读音为“笮”或“侧”）
味咸、甘，性寒，无毒。主治小儿惊痫（因受惊引起的抽搐痉挛）、夜间啼哭、癫病（精神失常疾病）、寒热往来、惊悸（心慌不安），以及妇人难产、胞衣不下，也有堕胎的作用。生长于杨柳树上。五月采集，蒸干后使用，不要让虫体腐烂变质。
陶隐居说：蚱字的读音作“笮”，就是哑蝉（乌下切音）。哑蝉是雌蝉，不能鸣叫的。蝉的种类很多。《庄子》中说：“蟪蛄不知春秋”，指的就是现在四月、五月时小紫青色的那种蝉。而《离骚》中说：“蟪蛄鸣兮啾啾，岁暮兮不自聊”，这是寒蝉，在九月、十月间鸣叫，声音凄急；又有二月就开始鸣叫的叫做“宁母”（音宁），比寒蝉小；七月、八月鸣叫的叫做“雕辽”（音雕、音辽），颜色青。现在说这种蝉生长在杨柳树上是对的。《诗经》中说：“鸣蜩”，形体大而黑，像驼背的老头，只是摘取这种，古人曾食用它。所以《礼记》中有雀、晏（音晏）、蜩、范，范有冠，蝉有翅，也称之为这种蜩。这种蜩又在五月就开始鸣叫。俗话说明月不鸣叫，婴儿多灾祸，现在它的疗效也专门主治小儿病。唐本注说：《别录》记载，壳名叫枯蝉，又名伏育（音育）。主治小儿癫痫，女人生子不出。烧成灰服用，主治久痢。又说蚱是鸣蝉，主治小儿癫痫，绝不能说话。现在说哑蝉，哑蝉则是雌蝉，极不符合实际用途，考察各种虫兽，以雄性的为好。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本图经说：这是鸣蝉，六月、七月采收，蒸干。陶隐居说是哑蝉，不能鸣叫的，是雌蝉。两种说法既相矛盾。现在依据《玉篇》说：蚱，是蝉的声音。这样看来就不是哑蝉了。而且蝉类很多，有蟪蛄、寒蝉的名称。又《尔雅》说：马蜩，寒蜩。都是蝉。按《礼记》说：仲夏之月，蝉开始鸣叫。《神农本草经》说：五月采集，就是这个，其余的不入药用。药性论说：蚱蝉，为使药，味酸。主治小儿惊哭不止，杀疳虫，去壮热，治肠中幽幽作响。又说：蝉蜕，为使药，主治小儿浑身壮热，惊痫，兼能止渴。
图经说：蚱蝉，《神农本草经》未记载出产州土，只说生长在杨柳上，现在到处都有。陶隐居认为是哑蝉。苏恭认为是鸣蝉。两种说法不同。按：字书解释蚱字说：是蝉的声音。《月令》说：仲夏之月，蝉开始鸣叫，是说五月才开始有此蝉鸣。而《神农本草经》也说五月采集，正与《月令》所记载的开始鸣叫的时间同时。如此则苏说得对了。蝉类虽多，但《尔雅》说：马蜩。郭璞注说：蜩中最大的是马蝉。现在夏天所鸣叫的，比众蝉最大。陶又引《诗经》“鸣蜩”说：是形体大而黑，古人所食用的。又礼冠上的饰物附蝉，也是黑而大，都是这一类。那么《尔雅》所说的马蜩，诗人所说的鸣蜩，《月令》和礼家所说的蝉，本草所说的蚱蝉，其实是一种。蝉类虽然众多，但被当时所用到的，只有这一种罢了。另外医方中多用蝉壳，也是此蝉所蜕的壳，又名枯蝉。原本生于土中，说是蜣螂所转的丸，久而化成此虫，到了夏至就登木而蜕皮。采集得到后应当蒸熟，防止虫蛀。现在蜀中有一种蝉，其蜕壳头上有一角如花冠状，叫做蝉花，西有人带到都下的，医生说是入药最奇特。
陈藏器：蟪蛄、寒蝉、宁母、蜩、范并蝉，注：陶隐居说蟪蛄，四月、五月鸣叫，小小紫色的。而《离骚》说：“蟪蛄鸣兮啾啾”，这是寒蝉。二月鸣叫的叫做宁母，似寒蝉而小。七月鸣叫的叫做某，色青。《诗经》说：“鸣蜩”，形体大而黑，古人食用它。《古礼》说：雀、某、蜩、范，范有冠，蝉有翅，按蜩以上五种虫，都属于蝉属。《神农本草经》说：蝼蛄，一名蟪蛄，除了原有功效外，其脑煮汁服用，主治产后胞衣不出。自有正统传承，然而蟪蛄不是蝼蛄，两个名字参差错乱而已。《字林》说：蝉，蟪蛄也；某，蝉属也。《草木疏》说：蝉，又名某。青、徐之间称为某，楚地人叫它蟪蛄，秦、燕称为某。郭璞注说：俗呼之为蝉，宋、卫称为蜩螗，楚地称为蟪蛄，关东称为某。陶又注桑螵蛸说：俗呼螳螂为某，螳螂即非蝉类，陶隐居错了。蜩退皮研末，一钱匕，井花水送服，主治呀病（口噤不开）。寒蝉、蜩、范，《月令》谓某。宁母也是小蝉。《礼记》注说：蜩，蝉也；范，蜂也。已有《神农本草经》自蜩以上，并无其他功效。圣惠方：治疗风头旋。用蝉壳一两，微炒为末。非时温酒下一钱匕。集验方：治疗风气客皮肤，瘙痒不已。蝉蜕、薄荷叶等分，为末。酒调一钱匕，日三服。御药院：治疗头风目眩。蝉蜕末，熟汤下。
衍义说：蚱蝉，夏月身体与声音都大的是。始终声音一般，仍然都乘昏夜方出：出土中，升高处，背壳裂开蝉出来。所以都夜出的原因，一是怕人，二是怕日晒，干了壳而不能蜕皮。到时寒冷就坠地，小儿蓄养它，即使数日也不须喂食。古人认为饮风露，确实有道理，大概不排粪便而排尿，也可以看出来了。西川有蝉花，乃是蝉在壳中不出，而化为花，从顶中长出。另外壳治疗目昏翳。另外水煎壳汁，治疗小儿出疮疹不快，很好。
**Zha Chan (Cicada)**
Taste: Salty, sweet. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Mainly treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy (seizures induced by fright), nocturnal crying, manic-depressive disorders (dian disease), alternating chills and fever, palpitations and anxiety, difficult labor in women, retention of the placenta, and also has the effect of inducing abortion. It grows on willow trees. Collected in the fifth lunar month, steamed and dried for use; care must be taken to prevent rotting.
Tao Hongjing states: The character "Zha" is pronounced as "Ze", referring to the mute cicada (Wu-xia-qie pronunciation). The mute cicada is the female cicada, which cannot sing. There are many species of cicadas. *Zhuangzi* mentions: "The Hui-gu does not know spring or autumn," referring to the small purple-green cicada seen in the fourth and fifth months. However, *Li Sao* says: "The Hui-gu chirps jiu-jiu, lamenting at year's end," which refers to the cold cicada that sings bitterly in the ninth and tenth months. Those singing in the second month are called "Ning-mu" (pronunciation Ning), smaller than the cold cicada. Those singing in the seventh and eighth months are called "Diao-Liao" (pronunciation Diao, Liao), with a green color. The statement that this cicada grows on willow trees is correct. *Shi Jing* (Book of Songs) mentions: "Singing Tiao," describing a large, black cicada resembling a hunchbacked old man, which was eaten by ancients. Thus, *Li Ji* (Book of Rites) lists sparrow, Yan (pronunciation Yan), Tiao, and Fan. Fan has a crest, and the cicada has wings, also referred to as this Tiao. This Tiao begins singing in the fifth month. Folklore holds that if it does not sing in the fifth month, infants will suffer disasters; its medicinal efficacy is now specifically used for pediatric conditions. The *Tang Ben Zhu* notes: *Bie Lu* records that the shell is named "Ku Chan" (Withered Cicada), also known as "Fu Yu" (pronunciation Yu). It treats pediatric epilepsy and retained placenta in women. When calcined into ash and ingested, it treats chronic dysentery. It further states that "Zha" refers to the singing male cicada, treating pediatric epilepsy where the child cannot speak. The current description of the "mute cicada" as the female cicada contradicts practical usage; examining various insects and beasts, the male is considered superior.
Chen Yuxi et al., according to the *Shu Ben Tu Jing*, state: This is the singing cicada, collected in the sixth and seventh months, steamed and dried. Tao Hongjing claimed it was the mute female cicada. These two statements contradict each other. According to *Yu Pian*, "Zha" means the sound of the cicada. Thus, it is clearly not the mute cicada. Furthermore, there are many cicada species, including Hui-gu and Han-chuan. *Erya* states: Ma-tiao (Horse Tiao) and Han-tiao (Cold Tiao) are both cicadas. According to *Li Ji*, in the mid-summer month, cicadas begin to sing. *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* states collection in the fifth month, which aligns with this timing; other varieties are not used medicinally. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Zha Chan, used as an auxiliary herb, tastes sour. It mainly treats incessant crying from fright in children, kills gut parasites, clears intense heat, and treats rumbling sounds in the intestines. It also states: Chan Tui (Cicada Slough), used as an auxiliary herb, treats intense whole-body heat in children, convulsions and epilepsy, and can also relieve thirst.
Tu Jing states: *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* does not record the origin province/region for Zha Chan, only stating it grows on willows, but it is found everywhere today. Tao Hongjing identified it as the mute cicada. Su Gong identified it as the singing cicada. The views differ. Lexical dictionaries define "Zha" as the sound of the cicada. *Yue Ling* (Monthly Ordinances) states: In the mid-summer month, cicadas begin to sing, indicating they start singing in the fifth month. *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* also states collection in the fifth month, coinciding exactly with the time noted in *Yue Ling* when they begin singing. Thus, Su Gong's view is correct. Although there are many cicada species, *Erya* mentions Ma-tiao. Guo Pu's commentary notes: The largest among tiao is the Ma-chan. The ones singing in summer are larger than others. Tao cited *Shi Jing*'s "Ming Tiao," describing them as large and black, eaten by ancients. The cicada ornaments on ritual caps are also large and black, belonging to this category. Therefore, the Ma-tiao of *Erya*, the Ming-tiao of poets, the cicada of *Yue Ling* and ritualists, and the Zha-chan of materia medica are essentially the same species. Among the numerous cicada types, only this one is commonly used. Medical formulas often use cicada slough, which is the shed skin of this cicada, also named Ku Chan. Originally born in the soil, folklore says it forms from dung beetles' pellets over time, transforming into this insect, which climbs trees to molt upon reaching maturity. After collection, it should be steamed to prevent insect damage. In Shu region, there is a variety where the shed shell has a horn-like protrusion resembling a flower crown, called "Chan Hua" (Cicada Flower). Some bring it from the west to the capital; physicians claim it is highly effective medicinally.
Chen Cangqi: Hui-gu, Han-chuan, Ning-mu, Tiao, Fan, and Chan are listed. Commentary: Tao Hongjing said Hui-gu sings in April and May, small and purple. *Li Sao* says: "Hui-gu chirps jiu-jiu," referring to the cold cicada. Those singing in February are called Ning-mu, similar to cold cicada but smaller. Those singing in July are called [Name], green in color. *Shi Jing* says: "Ming Tiao," large and black, eaten by ancients. *Ancient Rites* say: Sparrow, [Name], Tiao, Fan. Fan has a crest, Cicada has wings. The five insects above Tiao belong to the Cicada family. *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* says: Lou-gu, also named Hui-gu. Besides its original function, its brain juice boiled and drunk treats retained placenta postpartum. There is a standard transmission, yet Hui-gu is not Lou-gu; the names are confused. *Zi Lin* says: Chan is Hui-gu; [Name] is Cicada genus. *Cao Mu Shu* says: Chan is also named [Name]. In Qing and Xu regions, it is called [Name]; Chu people call it Hui-gu; Qin and Yan call it [Name]. Guo Pu comments: Commonly called Chan; Song and Wei call it Tiao-tang; Chu calls it Hui-gu; Guandong calls it [Name]. Tao also commented on Sang Piao Xiao saying: Locals call mantis [Name]; Mantis is not a cicada type; Tao was mistaken. Tiao slough ground to powder, one qian bi, taken well water, treats jaw-lock disease. Han-chuan, Tiao, Fan, referred to as [Name] in *Yue Ling*. Ning-mu is also a small cicada. *Li Ji* commentary says: Tiao is Cicada; Fan is Bee. Since *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing*, Tiao and above have no other specific functions. *Sheng Hui Fang*: Treats vertigo/head wind. Use 1 liang Cicada Slough, lightly stir-fried to powder. Take 1 qian bi with warm wine at any time. *Ji Yan Fang*: Treats wind-pathogen in skin causing persistent itching. Equal parts Cicada Slough and Mint Leaves, ground to powder. Mix with wine, take 1 qian bi, three times daily. Imperial Pharmacy: Treats head wind and dizziness. Cicada Slough powder, taken with cooked water.
*Yan Yi* states: Zha Chan refers to those whose bodies and voices are large in summer. Their voice remains consistent throughout life. They emerge at dusk/night: coming out of the soil, climbing to high places, splitting their backs to exit the shell. They emerge at night for two reasons: fear of humans and fear of sun drying the shell before molting. When cold comes, they fall to the ground. Children keep them, requiring no food for days. Ancients believed they drink wind and dew, which is true, as they urinate without defecating, proving this. In Western Sichuan, there is "Chan Hua," where the cicada fails to exit the shell and transforms into a flower emerging from the top. The shell also treats cloudy vision. Boiling the shell in water and drinking the juice effectively treats delayed eruption of childhood rashes.