\r蛞（音阔）蝓（音俞）\pd442.bmp\r
味咸，寒，无毒。主贼风 （口乖切）僻，轶（益音）筋及脱肛，惊痫挛缩。
一名陵蠡，一名土蜗，一名附蜗。生太山池泽及阴地沙石垣下。八月取。
陶隐居云∶蛞蝓无壳，不应有蜗名，其附蜗者，复名蜗牛。生池泽沙石，则应是今山蜗，
或
当言其头，形类犹似蜗牛虫者，俗名蜗牛者，作瓜字，则蜗字亦音瓜。《庄子》所云，战于
蜗角也。蛞蝓入三十六禽限，又是四种角虫之类。荧室星之精矣，方∶家殆无复用乎。唐本
注云∶三十六禽。亥上有三豕，KT ，豪猪，亦名蒿猪，毛如 ，簪摇而射人，其肚合屎
干烧为
灰，主黄胆，猪之类也。陶谓为蝓，误极大矣。又《山海经》云∶KT ，彘身人面，音如
婴儿
，食人兽。《尔雅》云∶ （乌八切）KT ，类 （音枢）。迅走食人，并非蛞蝓也。蛞蝓
乃无壳
蜗蠡也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注云∶此即蜗牛也。而新附自有蜗牛一条，虽数字不同，而主
疗与此无别，是后人误剩出之。亦如《别录》草部已有鸡肠，而新附又有繁蒌在菜部。按《尔
雅》云∶附蠃， 蝓。注云∶蜗牛也。而《玉篇》蝓字下注亦云∶ 蝓，蜗牛也。此则一物
明矣。形似小螺，白色，生池泽草树间，头有四角，行则出，惊之则缩，首尾俱能藏入壳中
。而苏注云∶无壳蜗牛，非也。今据《本经》∶一名陵蠡，又有土蜗之名。且蜗，蠡者。
皆蠃壳之属也。陶云若无壳，则不合有蜗名是也。又据∶今下湿处有一种虫，大于蜗牛，无
壳而
有角，云是蜗牛之老者。
图经曰∶蛞（音阔）蝓（音俞），生泰山池泽及阴地沙石垣下。蜗牛，《本经》不载所出
州土，
今并处处有之。隐隐居注云∶蜗牛，形如蛞蝓，但背负壳耳。则《庄子》所谓战于蜗角是也。
又云∶俗名蜗牛者，作瓜字形，故蜗字亦音瓜。《本经》蛞蝓，一名附蜗，蛞蝓无壳，
不
应有蜗名，或以其头形类犹似蜗牛，故以名之。或云∶都是一物有二名，如鸡肠、蘩蒌之
比。谨按郭璞注《尔雅》∶ 蠃， 蝓，蜗牛也。《字书》解蝓字，亦云 蝓，蜗牛也。
如此是一物明矣。然今下湿处，有种大于蜗牛，亦有角而无壳，相传云是蜗牛之老者。若然
，本一物，而久蜕壳者为异耳。并八月采。方∶书蜗牛涎，主消渴。崔元亮《海上方》着
其法云∶取蜗牛十四枚，以水三合，浸之瓷瓯中，以器覆之一宿，其虫自沿器上取水饮，不
过
三剂已。凡用蜗牛，以形圆而大者为胜。久雨晴，竹林池沼间多有出者，其城墙阴处有一种
扁而小者，无力，不堪用。蜗牛入婴糯药为最胜，其壳亦堪用。韦丹∶主一切疳。取旧死壳
七枚，皮薄色黄白者真，净洗，不得小有尘滓，漉干，纳酥于壳中，以瓷盏盛之，纸糊盏面，
置炊饭上蒸之。下 时，即坐甑中，装饭又蒸，饭熟即已，取出细研如水淀，渐渐与吃，令
一日尽，为佳。
衍义曰∶蛞蝓、蜗牛，二物矣。蛞蝓，其身肉只一段。蜗牛，背上别有肉，以负壳行，
显然
异矣。若为一物，《经》中焉得分为二条也。其治疗亦大同小异，故知别类。又谓蛞蝓是蜗
牛
之老者，甚无谓。蛞蝓有二角，蝎牛四角，兼背有附壳肉，岂得为一物也。
蛞蝓（音阔）蝓（音俞）
味咸，性寒，无毒。主治贼风（外感风邪）引起的口眼歪斜，筋脉急骤牵引及脱肛，惊痫抽搐。
又名陵蠡，又名土蜗，又名附蜗。产于泰山池泽以及阴湿处的沙石墙垣之下。八月采收。
陶隐居说：蛞蝓没有壳，不应该有“蜗”的名字。所谓“附蜗”，又被称为蜗牛。生长在池泽沙石间的，应当是现在的山蜗。或者说它的头部形状类似蜗牛虫的人，俗名蜗牛的，写作“瓜”字旁，那么“蜗”字也读作“瓜”。《庄子》所说的“战于蜗角”就是这个意思。蛞蝓被列入三十六禽之中，又是四种角虫的一类。它是荧室星的精怪罢了，方书家几乎不再使用了。唐本注说：三十六禽中，亥位上有三豕，KT（一种野兽），豪猪，也叫蒿猪，毛像箭一样，摇动时能射人，它的肚子合着粪便晒干烧成灰，主治黄疸，属于猪之类。陶隐居认为它是蝓，错误非常大。另外《山海经》说：KT，猪身人面，声音像婴儿，吃人兽。《尔雅》说：KT，类（音枢）。迅跑食人，都不是蛞蝓。蛞蝓才是无壳的蜗蠡。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注说：这就是蜗牛。而新附自有蜗牛一条，虽然数字不同，但主治与此没有区别，这是后人误多出来的。也像《别录》草部已有鸡肠，而新附又有繁蒌在菜部。按《尔雅》说：附蠃，即蛞蝓。注解说：就是蜗牛。而《玉篇》蝓字下注也说：蛞蝓，就是蜗牛。这 clearly 是一物无疑了。形状像小螺，白色，生长在池泽草树间，头有四角，行走时伸出，受惊则收缩，首尾都能藏入壳中。而苏颂注说：无壳蜗牛，不对。现在依据《本经》：一名陵蠡，又有土蜗之名。且蜗、蠡者，都是带壳的螺类。陶隐居说如果没有壳，就不该有“蜗”的名字，这是对的。又据：现在低湿处有一种虫，比蜗牛大，无壳而有角，说是蜗牛的老者。
图经说：蛞蝓，产于泰山池泽以及阴湿处的沙石墙垣之下。蜗牛，《本经》不记载出产州土，现在到处都有。隐隐居注说：蜗牛，形状像蛞蝓，只是背负着壳而已。这就是《庄子》所谓“战于蜗角”的意思。又说：俗名蜗牛的，写作“瓜”字形，所以“蜗”字也读作“瓜”。《本经》蛞蝓，一名附蜗，蛞蝓无壳，不应该有“蜗”的名字，或许是因为其头部形状类似蜗牛，所以以此命名。有人说：这是一物有两个名字，就像鸡肠、繁蒌那样。谨按郭璞注《尔雅》：附蠃，即蛞蝓，就是蜗牛。《字书》解释蝓字，也说蛞蝓就是蜗牛。这样看来是一物无疑了。然而现在低湿处，有种比蜗牛大的，也有角而无壳，相传说是蜗牛的老者。如果这样，本来是一物，只是长久蜕去壳的成为异类罢了。都在八月采收。方书说蜗牛涎，主治消渴。崔元亮《海上方》记载其方法说：取蜗牛十四枚，用水三合，浸泡在瓷碗中，用器皿覆盖一夜，虫子自己沿着器壁取水喝，不超过三剂就好了。凡是用蜗牛，以形状圆而大的为优。久雨后放晴，竹林池沼间多有出来的，城墙阴处有一种扁而小的，无力，不堪使用。蜗牛入婴糯药最为适宜，其壳也可以使用。韦丹：主治一切疳积。取旧死壳七枚，皮薄色黄白者为真，洗净，不得有小尘滓，滤干，将酥油放入壳中，用瓷盏盛装，用纸糊住盏面，放在蒸饭的甑上蒸。下面煮饭时，就在甑中装饭再蒸，饭熟即可，取出细细研磨如水淀，慢慢喂服，令一日吃完，为佳。
衍义说：蛞蝓、蜗牛，是两种东西。蛞蝓，其身体肉只有一段。蜗牛，背上另有肉，用来负壳行走，显然不同。如果是一物，《经》中怎么分为两条呢？其治疗作用也大同小异，所以知道分属不同类别。又说蛞蝓是蜗牛的老者，非常没有道理。蛞蝓有二角，蜗牛四角，兼背有附壳肉，怎么能是一物呢。
**Agaricus (Guo Yu)**
Salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats facial paralysis caused by thief wind (wind pathogen invading the channels), sudden tendon traction and rectal prolapse, as well as convulsions and spasms due to fright and epilepsy.
Also known as Lingli, Tuwo, or Fuwo. It grows in ponds and marshes of Mount Tai, as well as under sandy stone walls in shady places. Harvested in August.
Tao Hongjing stated: Agaricus has no shell and should not bear the name "Wo" (snail). The so-called "Fuwo" is also called snail. Those growing in pond marshes and sandstones should be the current mountain snail. Or perhaps it refers to its head shape resembling that of a snail insect. In common parlance, when "snail" is written with the radical "gua", the character "Wo" is pronounced "Gua". This refers to the "battle on the horn of a snail" mentioned in *Zhuangzi*. Agaricus falls within the limit of the Thirty-Six Zodiac Animals and belongs to the category of four-horned insects. It is considered the essence of the Ying Shi Star; medical practitioners rarely use it nowadays.
The Tang Ben Zhu notes: Among the Thirty-Six Zodiac Animals, at Hai position, there are three pigs, KT (a beast), hedgehog, also called Haozhu. Its hair is like arrows, shaking them can shoot people. Dried feces from its belly burned into ash treat jaundice; it belongs to the pig category. Tao's assertion that it is a slug is a major error. Furthermore, *Shan Hai Jing* states: KT has a pig body and human face, sounds like an infant, and eats humans and beasts. *Erya* states: KT resembles Shu. It runs swiftly and eats people; neither refers to agaricus. Agaricus is indeed the shell-less Wo Li.
Chen Yuxi et al., according to the Shu Ben Zhu, state: This is the snail. However, the Xin Fu section already has a separate entry for snails. Although the characters differ slightly, the therapeutic indications are identical, suggesting this was erroneously duplicated by later editors. Similarly, *Ji Chang* (Chicken Intestine) appears in the Grass Section of *Bie Lu*, while *Fan Lou* appears in the Vegetable Section of Xin Fu. According to *Erya*: Fu Luo is Agaricus. The annotation says: Snail. And the annotation under the character "Yu" in *Yupian* also states: Agaricus is the snail. Thus, it is clearly one substance. It resembles a small snail shell, is white, grows among grass and trees in ponds and marshes, has four horns on its head, extends when moving, and retracts upon being startled, hiding both head and tail inside the shell. Su Song's note claiming it is a shell-less snail is incorrect.
Now, referring to *Ben Jing*: Also named Lingli, and having the name Tuwo. Since "Wo" and "Li" refer to shelled gastropods, Tao's statement that it shouldn't have the name "Wo" if it lacks a shell is correct. Additionally, in low and damp areas, there exists a creature larger than the snail, without a shell but with horns, said to be an old snail.
Tu Jing states: Agaricus grows in ponds and marshes of Mount Tai and under sandy stone walls in shady places. Snails, whose origin provinces are not recorded in *Ben Jing*, are now found everywhere. Yin Yin Ju's note states: Snails resemble agaricus, except they carry a shell on their back. This corresponds to the "battle on the snail's horn" in *Zhuangzi*. It is also said that the common name for snail uses the "Gua" shape, hence "Wo" is pronounced "Gua". *Ben Jing* lists Agaricus as also named Fuwo. Since agaricus has no shell, it shouldn't have the name "Wo"; perhaps it was named so because its head shape resembles a snail. Some say it is one substance with two names, similar to Ji Chang and Fan Lou.
According to Guo Pu's annotation of *Erya*: Fu Luo is Agaricus, which is the snail. The *Zishu* explains the character "Yu" stating: Agaricus is the snail. Thus, it is clearly one substance. However, in low and damp places today, there is a type larger than the snail, with horns but no shell, traditionally said to be an old snail. If so, they were originally one substance, differing only in that the long-term shed-shell variety became distinct. Both are harvested in August. Medical texts state that snail saliva treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* records the method: Take fourteen snails, soak them in three he of water in a porcelain bowl, cover with a vessel overnight. The snails will climb up the vessel to drink water. Treatment is complete within three doses. For using snails, round and large ones are superior. After prolonged rain followed by sunshine, many appear in bamboo forests and ponds. There is a flat and small type in shady wall areas which is weak and unsuitable for use. Snails are best used in medicines for infants; their shells are also usable. Wei Dan: Treats all types of Gan accumulation (pediatric malnutrition). Take seven old dead shells, those with thin, yellowish-white skin are authentic. Wash thoroughly, ensuring no dust remains. Drain dry, place butter inside the shells, put in a porcelain cup, seal the top with paper, and steam over rice cooking pot. When steaming rice below, continue steaming until rice is cooked. Remove, grind finely into a paste-like consistency, and administer gradually, finishing within one day, which is optimal.
*Yanyi* states: Agaricus and snails are two different substances. Agaricus has its flesh as a single segment. Snails have additional flesh on their back to carry the shell while walking, which is obviously different. If they were one substance, how could the Classics list them as two separate entries? Their therapeutic effects are largely similar, indicating they belong to different categories. The claim that agaricus is an old snail is baseless. Agaricus has two horns, snails have four, and snails possess flesh attached to the shell on their back; how can they be the same substance?