\r酸枣\pd313.bmp\r
味酸，平，无毒。主心腹寒热，邪结气聚，四肢酸疼，湿痹，烦心不得眠，脐上下痛，
血转久泄，虚汗烦渴，补中，益肝气，坚筋骨，助阴气，令人肥健。久服安五脏，轻身延年。
生河东川泽。八月采实，阴干，四十日成。（恶防己。）
陶隐居云∶今出东山间，云即是山枣树。子似武昌枣而味极酸，东人啖之以醒睡，与此
疗不得眠，正反矣。唐本注云∶此即 （贰）枣实也，树大如大枣，实无常形，但大枣中味
酸
者是。《本经》唯用实，疗不得眠，不言用人。今方用其人，补中益气，自补中益肝以下，
此为酸枣仁之功能。又于下品白棘条中，复云用其实。今医以棘实为酸枣，大误。今注陶云
醒睡，而《经》云疗不得眠。盖其子肉味酸，食之使不思睡，核中仁，服之疗不得眠，正如
麻黄发汗，根节止汗也。此乃棘实，更非他物。若谓是大枣味酸者，全非也。酸枣小而圆，
其核中仁微扁；大枣仁大而长，不类也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶今河东及滑州，以其木
为车轴及匙箸等，木甚细理而硬，所在有之。八月采实，晒干。药性论云∶酸枣仁，主筋骨
风，炒末作汤服之。陈藏器云∶按酸枣，既是枣中之酸，更无他异，此即真枣，何复名酸，
既云其酸，又云其小，今枣中酸者，未必即小，小者未必即酸，虽欲为枣生文，展转未离于
枣，若道枣中酸者，枣条无令睡之功，道棘子不酸，今人有众呼之目。枣、棘一也。酸、甜
两焉。纵令以枣当之，终其非也。嵩阳了曰∶余家于滑台。今酸枣县，即滑之属邑也。其地
名酸枣焉，其树高数丈，径围一、二尺，木理极细，坚而且重，其树皮亦细纹似蛇鳞。其枣
圆小而味酸，其核微圆，其仁稍长，色赤如丹。此医之所重，居人不易得。今市之卖者，皆
棘子为之。又云山枣树如棘，子如生枣，里有核如骨，其肉酸滑好食，山人以当果。五代史
后唐刊《石药验》云∶酸枣仁睡多生使，不得睡炒熟。日华子云∶酸枣仁治脐下满痛。
图经曰∶酸枣，生河东川泽，今近京及西北州郡皆有之，野生多在坡 及城垒间。似枣
木而皮细，其木心赤色，茎、叶俱青，花似枣花。八月结实，紫红色，似枣而圆小味酸。
当月采实，取核中仁，阴干，四十日成。《尔雅》辨枣之种类曰∶实小而酸，曰 枣。《孟子》
曰∶养其 枣。赵歧注∶所谓酸枣是也。一说唯酸枣县出者为真，其木高数丈，径围一、二
尺，木理极细，坚而且重，邑人用为车轴及匕箸。其皮亦细，纹似蛇鳞。其核仁稍长而色赤
如丹，亦不易得。今市之货者，皆棘实耳，用之尤宜详辨也。《本经》主烦心不得眠。今医
家两用之，睡多生使，不得睡炒熟。生熟便尔顿异。而胡洽治振悸不得眠，有酸枣仁汤∶酸
枣仁二升，茯苓、白术、人参、甘草各二两，生姜六两，六物切，以水八升，煮取三升，分
四服。深师主虚不得眠，烦不可宁，有酸枣仁二汤∶酸枣仁二升， 母、干姜、茯苓、芎
各二两，甘草一两炙，并切，以水一斗，先煮枣，减三升后，纳五物，煮取三升，分服。一
方更加桂一两。二汤酸枣并生用，疗不得眠，岂便以煮汤为熟乎？
雷公云∶酸枣仁，凡使，采得后晒干，取叶重拌酸枣仁蒸半日了，去尖皮了，任研用。
食疗酸枣，平。主寒热结气，安五脏，疗不得眠。圣惠方治胆虚睡卧不安，心多惊悸。用酸
枣仁一两，炒令香熟，捣细为散。每服二钱，竹叶汤调下，不计时候服。又方治夜不眠睡。
用酸枣仁半两，炒黄研末，以酒三合浸汁，先以粳米三合煮作粥，临熟下枣仁汁，更煮三、
五沸。空心食之。又方治骨蒸劳，心烦不得眠卧。用酸枣仁二两，水二大盏，半研绞取汁，
下米二合煮粥，候熟下地黄汁一合，更渐煮过。不计时候食之。外台秘要疗齿虫腐烂，棘针
二百枚即是枣树棘朽落地者。以水二升，煎取一升含之，日四、五度，即瘥。又方疗刺在仁
肉中不出。酸枣仁核烧末，水服之，立便得出。简要济众治胆风毒瓦斯，虚实不调，昏沉睡多。
酸枣仁一两生用，金挺腊茶二两，以生姜汁涂，炙令微焦，捣罗为散。每服二钱，水七分，
煎六分，无时温服。
衍义曰∶酸枣，微热，《经》不言用仁，仍疗不得眠。天下皆有之，但以土产宜与不宜。
嵩阳子曰∶酸枣县，即滑之属邑。其木高数丈，味酸，医之所重。今市人卖者皆棘子，此说
未尽。殊不知小则为棘，大则为酸枣，平地则易长，居崖堑则难生。故棘多生崖堑上，久不
樵则成干，人方呼为酸枣，更不言棘，徒以世人之意如此，在物则曷若是也。其实一本。以
其不甚为世所须，及碍塞行路，故成大木者少，多为人樵去。然此物才及三尺，便开花结子，
但
并可取仁。后有白棘条，乃是酸枣未长大时，枝上刺也。及至长成，其刺亦少，实亦大。故
枣取大木，刺取小窠也，亦不必强分别尔。
味酸，性平，无毒。主治心腹部的寒热症状，邪气结聚形成的气块，四肢酸痛，湿痹引起的关节疼痛，心烦失眠，脐部上下疼痛，因血虚导致的长期腹泻，体虚多汗及烦渴。能补益中气，滋养肝气，强健筋骨，辅助阴气，使人身体肥壮健壮。长期服用可安定五脏，使身体轻盈，延年益寿。
生长于河东地区的川泽地带。八月采集果实，阴干，经过四十天加工制成。（畏防己。）
陶隐居说：现在出产于东山地区，说是就是山枣树。果实像武昌枣但味道极酸，东方人食用它来提神醒脑，这与治疗失眠的功效正好相反。《唐本草》注解说：这就是（贰）枣的果实，树木高大如大枣，果实形状不固定，只是大枣中味道酸的就是。《本经》只用果实，治疗失眠，没说用人参。现在方剂中使用的是酸枣仁，补中益气，从补中益肝以下，这是酸枣仁的功能。又在《本经》下品白棘条中提到用其实。现在的医生把棘实当作酸枣，是大错特错。现在注释陶隐居说的“醒睡”，而《本经》说治疗失眠。大概是因为它的果肉味酸，吃了让人不想睡觉，而核中的仁，服用后治疗失眠，正如麻黄发汗，根节止汗一样。这其实是棘实，绝不是其他东西。如果说那是大枣中味道酸的，完全不对。酸枣小而圆，其核中的仁微扁；大枣仁大而长，不像。臣禹锡等谨慎地按蜀本地图经记载：现在河东及滑州，用它的木头做车轴和筷子等，木质纹理非常细密且坚硬，各地都有。八月采集果实，晒干。《药性论》说：酸枣仁，主治筋骨风，炒成末煮汤服用。陈藏器说：按酸枣，既然是枣中酸的，没有其他特别之处，这就是真枣，为什么又名叫酸？既然说它酸，又说它小，现在枣中酸的，未必就小，小的未必就酸，虽然想为枣生造文章，辗转还是没有离开枣的概念，如果说枣中有酸的，枣条没有让人不睡觉的功效，说棘子不酸，现在很多人叫它酸枣。枣、棘是一回事。酸、甜是两种味道。即使拿枣来代替，终究是不对的。嵩阳子说：我家在滑台。现在的酸枣县，就是滑州的属县。那个地方名叫酸枣，那棵树高几丈，直径一、二尺，木理极细，坚硬而且重，树皮也有细纹像蛇鳞。那枣圆小而味酸，核微圆，仁稍长，颜色红得像丹砂。这是医生所看重的，当地人不容易得到。现在市场上卖的，都是棘子做的。又说山枣树像棘，果实像生枣，里面有核像骨头，果肉酸滑好吃，山里人把它当水果。五代史后唐刊《石药验》说：酸枣仁，嗜睡的生用，失眠的炒熟。日华子说：酸枣仁治疗脐下满痛。《图经》说：酸枣，生长在河东川泽，现在京城附近及西北各州郡都有，野生多在坡地和城墙堡垒间。像枣树但皮细，木心红色，茎、叶都青，花像枣花。八月结果，紫红色，像枣但圆小味酸。当月采集果实，取核中的仁，阴干，四十天制成。《尔雅》辨别枣的种类说：果实小而酸的，叫做 枣。《孟子》说：养其 枣。赵岐注：所说的酸枣就是。另一种说法只有酸枣县出产的是真的，那树高几丈，直径一、二尺，木理极细，坚硬而且重，当地人用它做车轴和勺子筷子。树皮也细，纹路像蛇鳞。核仁稍长而色红如丹，也不容易得到。现在市场上的货物，都是棘实罢了，使用尤其应该仔细辨别。《本经》主治心烦失眠。现在医生两用之，嗜睡的生用，失眠的炒熟。生熟效果截然不同。胡洽治疗震颤心悸失眠，有酸枣仁汤：酸枣仁二升，茯苓、白术、人参、甘草各二两，生姜六两，六味切碎，用水八升，煮取三升，分四次服用。深师治疗虚证失眠，心烦不安，有酸枣仁二汤：酸枣仁二升，母姜、干姜、茯苓、芎藭各二两，甘草一两炙，并切碎，用水一斗，先煮枣，减少三升后，加入五味药，煮取三升，分次服用。一方再加桂一两。这两方酸枣都生用，治疗失眠，难道煮汤就算熟了吗？
雷公说：酸枣仁，凡是用，采得后晒干，取叶子重重拌入酸枣仁蒸半天，去掉尖皮，任研磨使用。
《食疗》说：酸枣，性平。主治寒热结气，安五脏，治疗失眠。《圣惠方》治疗胆虚睡眠不安，心中多惊悸。用酸枣仁一两，炒至香熟，捣细为散。每次服二钱，竹叶汤调下，不限时候服用。又一方治疗夜间不眠。用酸枣仁半两，炒黄研末，用酒三合浸泡取汁，先用粳米三合煮粥，快熟时加入枣仁汁，再煮三五沸。空腹食用。又一方治疗骨蒸劳热，心烦不得卧。用酸枣仁二两，水两大盏，半研绞取汁，下米二合煮粥，候熟时下地黄汁一合，再慢慢煮过。不限时候食用。《外台秘要》治疗齿虫腐烂，棘针二百枚即是枣树棘朽落地者。用水二升，煎取一升含漱，每天四五次，即愈。又一方治疗刺在肉中不出。酸枣仁核烧成末，水送服，立刻就能出来。《简要济众》治疗胆风毒瓦斯，虚实不调，昏沉睡多。酸枣仁一两生用，金挺腊茶二两，用生姜汁涂，烤至微焦，捣罗为散。每次服二钱，水七分，煎六分，无时温服。
《衍义》说：酸枣，微热，《本经》没说用仁，仍治疗失眠。天下都有，但以土产适宜与否而定。嵩阳子说：酸枣县，就是滑州的属县。那树高几丈，味酸，医生所看重。现在市人卖的都是棘子，这种说法不完全对。殊不知小则为棘，大则为酸枣，平地则易长，居崖堑则难生。所以棘多生在崖堑上，很久不砍伐则长成树干，人们才叫它酸枣，不再叫棘，只是世人意思如此，在物体上何尝不是这样。其实是一棵植物。因为它不太被世人需要，且阻碍道路，所以长成大树者少，多被人砍去。然而这东西才到三尺高，就开花结果，只要可以取仁。后来有白棘条，乃是酸枣未长大时，枝上的刺。等到长成，刺也少，果实也大。所以枣取大树，刺取小丛，也不必强行分别罢了。
Suan Zao (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa fruit)
Taste: Sour. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats cold and heat in the heart and abdomen, accumulation of pathogenic qi forming masses, soreness and pain in the four limbs, bi-syndrome caused by dampness, vexation with insomnia, pain above and below the umbilicus, chronic diarrhea due to blood deficiency, spontaneous sweating with vexation and thirst. It tonifies the middle, benefits liver qi, strengthens sinews and bones, assists yin qi, makes the body robust and healthy. Long-term use calms the five zang organs, lightens the body, and prolongs life.
Habitat: Grows in river valleys and marshes in the Hedong region. Harvest time: Fruits are collected in the eighth lunar month, dried in shade, and processed over forty days. (Averse to Fangji / Stephania tetrandra).
Tao Hongjing states: Currently produced in the Dongshan area, said to be the Shan Zao tree. The fruits resemble Wuchang dates but are extremely sour. People in the east eat them to stay awake, which is contrary to the treatment of insomnia mentioned here. Tang Ben Zhu notes: This is indeed the fruit of the Er Zao. The tree is as large as a common date tree. The fruit has no fixed shape; it is simply the sour-tasting variety among dates. The Classic of Materia Medica (Ben Jing) uses only the fruit for treating insomnia and does not mention using the kernel. Current prescriptions use Suan Zao Ren (the kernel), which tonifies the middle and benefits qi. From tonifying the middle and benefiting liver qi onwards, these are the functions of Suan Zao Ren. In the lower grade section regarding Bai Ji Tiao (White Spiny Branch), it again mentions using its fruit. Modern physicians mistakenly identify Ji Shi (Spina Jujubae) as Suan Zao, which is a major error. Tao’s note says "keeps one awake," while the Classic says "treats insomnia." This is likely because the flesh is sour and eating it prevents sleep, whereas the kernel in the pit treats insomnia, just as Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) induces sweating while its root節 (Radix Ephedrae) stops sweating. This is actually Spina Jujubae, nothing else. To claim it is the sour variety of Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus) is completely incorrect. Suan Zao is small and round, with slightly flattened kernels; Da Zao kernels are large and long, quite different.
Chen Yuxi et al., according to the Shu Ben Tu Jing: Currently in Hedong and Huazhou, its wood is used for cart axles and chopsticks. The wood texture is very fine and hard, available everywhere. Fruits are collected in the eighth month and sun-dried. Yao Xing Lun states: Suan Zao Ren treats wind in sinews and bones; taken as powder in decoction after frying. Chen Cangqi states: Since Suan Zao is the sour type of date, there is nothing else special about it; it is the true date. Why call it "sour"? If it is sour, why is it small? Sour dates are not necessarily small, and small ones are not necessarily sour. Although attempts are made to distinguish it from other dates, it remains within the category of dates. If claiming that the sour part of the date has no effect on sleep, while saying Spina Jujubae is not sour, yet many people today call it Suan Zao. Date and Spina Jujubae are essentially the same thing. Sour and sweet are two flavors. Even if substituted with date, it is ultimately incorrect.
Songyang Zi states: My home was in Huatai. The current Suan Zao County is a subordinate county of Hua. The place is named Suan Zao. The trees are several zhang high, with a trunk diameter of one or two chi. The wood grain is extremely fine, hard, and heavy. The bark also has fine patterns resembling snake scales. The fruits are small, round, and sour. The pits are slightly round, and the kernels are slightly longer, red like cinnabar. These are valued by physicians and difficult for locals to obtain. Those sold in markets are all Spina Jujubae. Also, the Shan Zao tree resembles Spina Jujubae, with fruits like raw dates containing bone-like pits. The flesh is sour, smooth, and tasty, eaten by mountain dwellers as fruit. The Five Dynasties History Later Tang edition "Shi Yao Yan" states: For excessive sleepiness, use raw Suan Zao Ren; for insomnia, use fried Suan Zao Ren. Ri Hua Zi states: Suan Zao Ren treats fullness and pain below the umbilicus. Tu Jing states: Suan Zao grows in Hedong river valleys. Now it is found near the capital and in northwestern prefectures. Wild plants are mostly on slopes and between city walls. It resembles date wood but with finer bark. The heartwood is red. Stems and leaves are green. Flowers resemble date flowers. Fruits ripen in the eighth month, purple-red, smaller and rounder than dates, and sour. Collect fruits in the corresponding month, take the kernels, dry in shade, and process over forty days. Erya distinguishes date varieties: Small and sour fruits are called [Suan] Zao. Mencius states: Nourish its [Suan] Zao. Zhao Qi's commentary: This refers to Suan Zao. Another view holds that only those from Suan Zao County are genuine. Trees are several zhang high, trunk diameter one or two chi, wood grain fine, hard, and heavy. Locals use them for cart axles and spoons/chopsticks. Bark is fine with snake-scale patterns. Kernels are slightly long and red like cinnabar, also difficult to obtain. Goods in markets are all Spina Jujubae; careful differentiation is required when using. The Classic of Materia Medica mainly treats vexation and insomnia. Physicians currently use both forms: raw for excessive sleepiness, fried for insomnia. Raw and cooked have distinct differences. Hu Qia's formula for tremors, palpitations, and insomnia, Suan Zao Ren Tang, contains: Suan Zao Ren 2 sheng, Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) each 2 liang, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 6 liang. Cut six ingredients, boil in 8 sheng water, reduce to 3 sheng, divide into four doses. Shen Shi treats deficiency-type insomnia with vexation and restlessness, using Suan Zao Ren 2 Tang: Suan Zao Ren 2 sheng, Mu Jiang (Mother Ginger?), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Fuling, Xiongqiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) each 2 liang, Gancao 1 liang (roasted). Cut all, boil in 1 dou water, first boil Zao until reduced by 3 sheng, then add five other ingredients, boil to 3 sheng, divide doses. One formula adds Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 1 liang. Both formulas use raw Suan Zao Ren to treat insomnia; how can boiling make it "cooked"?
Lei Gong states: For Suan Zao Ren, after harvesting, sun-dry. Mix heavily with leaves, steam for half a day, remove sharp skins, then grind for use.
Shi Liao states: Suan Zao is neutral. Treats cold-heat qi stagnation, calms five zang organs, treats insomnia. Sheng Hui Fang treats gallbladder deficiency causing restless sleep and frequent palpitations. Use Suan Zao Ren 1 liang, fry until fragrant, grind to powder. Take 2 qian each time, mixed with Zhuye (Bambusa Leaves Decoction), at any time. Another formula for night insomnia: Use Suan Zao Ren 0.5 liang, fry yellow, grind to powder. Soak in 3 he of wine to extract juice. Cook 3 he of Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Japonica Group) into porridge. When nearly done, add Zao Ren juice, boil 3-5 more times. Eat on an empty stomach. Another formula for bone-steaming consumption with vexation and inability to lie down: Use Suan Zao Ren 2 liang, 2 large bowls of water. Grind and squeeze to extract juice. Add 2 he of rice to cook porridge. When ripe, add 1 he of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) juice, simmer slowly. Eat at any time. Waitai Miyao treats tooth worms and decay. Ji Zhen (Spina Jujubae) 200 pieces, specifically rotten spines fallen from date trees. Boil in 2 sheng water to 1 sheng, hold in mouth, 4-5 times daily, will heal. Another formula for splinters stuck in flesh: Burn Suan Zao Ren pits to ash, take with water, splinters will emerge immediately. Jian Yao Ji Zhong treats gallbladder wind-toxin, deficiency-excess imbalance, drowsiness and excessive sleep. Suan Zao Ren 1 liang (raw), Jin Ting La Cha (Golden Stick Winter Tea) 2 liang. Coat with Shengjiang juice, roast until slightly charred, grind to powder. Take 2 qian each time, boil in 0.7 sheng water to 0.6 sheng, warm drink at any time.
Yan Yi states: Suan Zao is slightly hot. The Classic does not specify using the kernel, yet still treats insomnia. Found everywhere, depending on local suitability. Songyang Zi states: Suan Zao County is a subordinate county of Hua. Trees are several zhang high, sour taste, valued by doctors. Market sellers offer Spina Jujubae; this view is incomplete. Small ones are Ji (Spina), large ones are Suan Zao. Easy to grow on flat land, difficult on cliffs. Thus, Ji grows on cliffs; if left uncut for long, it becomes a trunk, and people call it Suan Zao, no longer Ji. This is merely worldly convention. In reality, they are the same plant. Because it is not highly demanded and obstructs paths, few grow into large trees; most are cut down. However, once it reaches three chi, it flowers and fruits, providing kernels. Later, Bai Ji Tiao appears, which are the thorns on branches before Suan Zao matures. When mature, thorns decrease, and fruits enlarge. Therefore, Zao comes from large trees, Ji from small thickets. There is no need to force a distinction.