味辛，温，有大毒。主金疮，乳 ，中恶风，咳逆上气，水肿，杀鬼疰蛊毒，破症积
，除脚膝痹痛，四肢拘挛，恶疮疥虫，杀鸟兽。一名野葛。折之青烟出者名固活。甚热，不
入汤。生傅（音附）高山谷及会稽东野。（半夏为之使，恶黄芩。）
陶隐居云∶五符中亦云钩吻是野葛。言其入口则钩人喉吻。或言∶吻作挽字，牵挽人肠
而绝
之
。核（胡革切）事而言，乃是两物。野葛是根，状如牡丹，所生处亦有毒，飞鸟不得集之，
今
人用合膏服之无嫌。钩吻别是一草。叶似黄精而茎紫，当心抽花，黄色，初生既极类黄精，
故以为杀生之对也。或云钩吻是毛莨，此本及后说参错不同，未详云何？又有一物名阴命
，赤色，着木悬其子，生山海中，最有大毒，入口能立杀人。唐本注云∶野葛生桂州以南，
村墟闾巷间皆有。彼人通名钩吻，亦谓苗名钩吻，根名野葛，蔓生。人或误食其叶者皆致
死，而羊食其苗大肥，物有相伏如此。若巴豆，鼠食则肥也。陶云∶飞鸟不得集之，妄矣。
其野葛，以时新采者，皮白骨黄。宿根似地骨，嫩根如汉防己，皮节断者良。正与白花藤根
相类，不深别者，颇亦惑之。其新取者，折之无尘气。经年以后则有尘起，根骨似枸杞，有
细孔者。人折之则尘气从孔中出，今折枸杞根亦然。经言折之青烟起者名固活为良，此亦不
达之言也。凡黄精直生如龙胆，泽漆两叶或四、五叶相对，钩吻蔓生，叶如柿叶。《博物志
》云∶钩吻叶似凫葵，并非黄精之类。毛莨是有毛，石龙芮何干钩吻？臣禹锡等谨按蜀本
秦
钩吻，主喉痹，咽中塞，声变，咳逆气，温中。一名除辛。生寒石山。二月、八月采。谨按
钩吻，一名野葛者。亦如徐长卿、赤箭、鬼箭等，并一名鬼督邮。鬼督邮自是一物。今钩吻
一名野葛，则野葛自有一种，明矣。且药有名同而体异者极多，非独此也。据陶注云∶钩吻
叶似黄精而茎紫，当心抽花，黄色者是。苏云∶野葛出桂州，叶似柿叶，人食之即死者。当
别是一物尔。又云∶苗名钩吻，根名野葛，亦非通论。按今市人皆以叶似黄精者为钩吻。按
《雷公炮炙方》云∶黄精勿令误用钩吻。钩吻叶似黄精，而头尖处有两毛若钩是也。吴氏云
∶秦钩吻，一名毒根。神农∶辛。雷公∶有毒，杀人。生南越山或益州。叶如葛，赤茎，
大如
箭，根黄，正月采。葛洪方云∶钩吻与食芹相似，而生处无他草。其茎有毛，误食之杀人。
岭表录异云∶野葛，毒草也。俗呼为胡蔓草，误食之，则用羊血解之。
陈藏器云∶人食其叶，饮冷水即死。冷水发其毒也。彼人以野葛饲人，勿与冷水。至肥
大
，
以冷水饮之，至死悬尸于树，汁滴地生菌子，收之名菌药，烈于野葛。胡蔓叶细长光润。雷
公云∶凡使，勿用地精，苗茎与钩吻同。其钩吻治人身上恶毒疮，效。其地精熬人，采得后
，
细锉捣了，研绞取自然汁入膏中用，勿误饵之。黄帝问天老曰∶天地所生，岂有食之死者乎
？天老曰∶太阴之精，名曰钩吻，不可食之，入口则死。博物志云∶钩吻，毒。桂心、葱叶
涕解之。
味辛，性温，有大毒。主治金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），乳痈（乳房红肿热痛之症），中恶风（感受恶劣风气），咳逆上气（咳嗽气喘，气机上逆），水肿，杀鬼疰蛊毒（泛指各种顽固性、传染性或神秘性的毒邪），破症积（体内形成的肿块积聚），除脚膝痹痛（足膝关节麻木疼痛），四肢拘挛（四肢抽搐拘紧），恶疮疥虫（严重的疮疡及疥癣寄生虫），杀鸟兽。又名野葛。折断后冒出青烟的称为固活。药性极热，不用于煎汤内服。生长在高山深谷及会稽东面的野外。（半夏为其使药，畏黄芩。）
陶隐居说：《五符经》中也说钩吻就是野葛。说是因为它入口时钩住人的喉咙和嘴唇。或者说：“吻”通“挽”字，牵拉人的肠子使其断绝。从核实事情的角度来说，这是两种不同的东西。野葛是根，形状像牡丹，生长的地方也有毒，飞鸟不能栖息在上面，现在人们用它合膏服用没有忌讳。钩吻是另一种草。叶子像黄精但茎是紫色的，在心部抽出花，花色黄色，刚生出来时非常像黄精，所以把它作为杀死生命的对立面（指其毒性猛烈）。有人说钩吻是毛莨，这种说法与后面的论述参差错落不同，不清楚是怎么回事？又有一种东西名叫阴命，颜色赤红，附着在木头上悬挂着它的果实，生长在山海之中，毒性极大，入口能立即杀人。《唐本草注》说：野葛生长在桂州以南，村墟巷陌间都有。那里的人统称它为钩吻，也说苗叫钩吻，根叫野葛，蔓生。有人误食它的叶子都会致死，而羊吃它的苗却长得非常肥壮，事物之间有这样的相克关系。就像巴豆，老鼠吃了就肥壮一样。陶隐居说：飞鸟不能栖息在上面，这是妄言。那种野葛，按时令新采的，皮白骨黄。陈年的根像地骨皮，嫩根像汉防己，皮节断裂的是好的。正与白花藤根相似，不仔细辨别的人，很容易迷惑它。新取的，折断后没有灰尘气味。经过一年后就有灰尘扬起，根骨像枸杞，有细孔的。人折断它则灰尘气味从孔中出来，现在折断枸杞根也是这样。经文说折断后冒青烟的叫固活为良，这也是不通达的说法。凡是黄精直生如龙胆，泽漆两叶或四、五叶相对，钩吻蔓生，叶像柿叶。《博物志》说：钩吻叶像凫葵，并不是黄精之类。毛莨是有毛的，石龙芮跟钩吻有什么关系？臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本记载：钩吻，主治喉痹，咽喉堵塞，声音改变，咳逆气，温中。又名除辛。生长在寒石山。二月、八月采集。谨按钩吻，又名野葛的。也像徐长卿、赤箭、鬼箭等，都有一名鬼督邮。鬼督邮自然是另一种东西。现在钩吻一名野葛，那么野葛自然有一种，这是明确的。而且药物有名同而体异者极多，不只是这一种。根据陶注说：钩吻叶像黄精而茎紫，当心抽花，黄色的是。苏颂说：野葛出桂州，叶像柿叶，人吃了就死。应当是另外的一种东西罢了。又说：苗叫钩吻，根叫野葛，也不是通用的理论。按现在市场上的人都把叶像黄精的当作钩吻。按《雷公炮炙方》说：黄精不要让误用钩吻。钩吻叶像黄精，而头尖处有两根毛像钩子一样。吴氏说：秦钩吻，又名毒根。神农：辛。雷公：有毒，杀人。生长在南越山或益州。叶像葛，赤茎，大如箭，根黄，正月采集。葛洪方说：钩吻与食芹相似，而生长的地方没有其他草。它的茎有毛，误食它杀人。《岭表录异》说：野葛，毒草也。俗呼为胡蔓草，误食它，就用羊血解毒。
陈藏器说：人吃了它的叶子，喝冷水就死。冷水激发它的毒性。那里的人用野葛喂人，不给冷水。等到长得肥大，给冷水喝，直到死时尸体悬挂在树上，汁液滴在地上生出菌子，收集起来名叫菌药，比野葛更烈。胡蔓叶细长光润。雷公说：凡使用，不要用地的精（地精），苗茎与钩吻相同。其钩吻治疗人身上恶毒疮，有效。那个地精熬制给人吃，采得后，细细锉碎捣烂，研磨绞取自然汁液加入膏中使用，不要误食它。黄帝问天老说：天地所生的，难道有吃了死人的吗？天老说：太阴的精气，名叫钩吻，不可吃它，入口就死。《博物志》说：钩吻，毒。桂心、葱叶涕可以解它。
Flavor: Acrid (Xin). Temperature: Warm. Toxicity: Highly toxic. Indications: Treats metallic wounds (Jinchuang), breast abscesses (Ruyong), sudden contraction of evil wind (Zhongefeng), cough with rebellious qi (Keni shangqi), edema, kills ghostly lingering diseases and gu poison (Guizhu gudú), breaks mass accumulations (Zhengji), removes bi pain in the feet and knees (Jiaoxi bitong), spasticity of the four limbs (Sizhi juluan), severe sores and scabies mites (Echuang jiechong), and kills birds and beasts. Another name is Yege (Wild Cinnamon). The variety that emits green smoke when broken is called Guhuo. It is extremely hot in nature and is not used for decoction. It grows in high mountains, deep valleys, and the eastern wilds of Kuaiji. (Banxia serves as its assistant; it dislikes Huangqin.)
Tao Hongjing stated: The *Wufu Jing* also says that Gouwen is Yege. It is said that this is because it hooks onto the human throat and lips upon entry. Or it is said that "wen" is a homophone for "wan," meaning it pulls and severs the human intestines. Verifying the facts, these are two different substances. Yege refers to the root, which resembles Peony root (Mudanpi); the place where it grows is also toxic, and flying birds cannot perch there. Nowadays, people use it to compound ointments for oral administration without objection. Gouwen is a different herb. Its leaves resemble Polygonatum (Huangjing), but the stem is purple. Flowers emerge from the center of the heart, yellow in color. When newly sprouted, it looks very much like Huangjing, hence it is considered the antithesis of life-giving substances due to its toxicity. Some say Gouwen is Ranunculus (Maoleng). This statement differs from subsequent descriptions, and the truth remains unclear. There is another substance named Yinming, which is reddish, attaches to trees, and hangs its fruits. It grows in mountains and seas and is highly toxic; ingestion can cause immediate death. The *Tang Bencao Zhu* states: Yege grows south of Guizhou and is found in villages and alleys. Locals generally call it Gouwen, or refer to the seedling as Gouwen and the root as Yege. It is a climbing vine. If humans accidentally ingest its leaves, they die. However, sheep eat its seedlings and become fat. Such mutual subjugation exists among things, similar to how rats become fat after eating Croton seeds (Badou). Tao's claim that flying birds cannot perch on it is false. For fresh Yege harvested in season, the bark is white and the bone is yellow. Old roots resemble Cortex Lycii (Digupi), while tender roots resemble Stephania tetrandra (Hanfangji); those with broken nodes are superior. They closely resemble the roots of Baiteng Vine; those who do not distinguish carefully may be confused. Freshly harvested ones emit no dusty odor when broken. After a year, dust rises; the roots and bones resemble Goji berries (Gouqi) and have fine pores. When humans break them, dusty odor emerges from the pores; breaking Goji roots today yields the same result. The classic text states that the one emitting green smoke when broken, named Guhuo, is superior; this is also an ignorant statement. Generally, Huangjing grows straight like Gentian (Longdan); Euphorbia lathyris (Zeqi) has two or four-to-five pairs of opposite leaves; Gouwen is a climbing vine with leaves resembling Persimmon leaves. The *Bowuzhi* states that Gouwen leaves resemble Nymphoides peltata (Fukui) and are not of the Huangjing category. Maoleng has hairs; what does Saururus chinensis (Shilongrui) have to do with Gouwen? Ministers Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to the Shu edition: Gouwen treats throat obstruction (Houbi), sensation of blockage in the throat, hoarseness, cough with rebellious qi, and warms the middle. Another name is Chuxin. It grows on cold stone mountains. Harvested in February and August. Respectfully noting: Gouwen, also known as Yege, is like Xuchangqing, Chijian, and Jiejian, all of which share the alias Guiduyou. Guiduyou is naturally a separate substance. Now that Gouwen is called Yege, it is clear that Yege itself is a specific entity. Moreover, there are many drugs with the same name but different physical properties, not just this one. According to Tao's annotation: Gouwen has leaves resembling Huangjing, purple stems, flowers emerging from the center, and yellow petals—this is correct. Su Song stated: Yege comes from Guizhou, has leaves resembling Persimmon leaves, and causes death if ingested by humans. It should be a different substance. Furthermore, stating that the seedling is Gouwen and the root is Yege is not a universal theory. Currently, market vendors identify Gouwen as having leaves resembling Huangjing. According to the *Leigong Paozhi Fang*: Do not mistakenly use Gouwen for Huangjing. Gouwen leaves resemble Huangjing, but the tip has two hair-like structures resembling hooks. Wu Shi stated: Qin Gouwen, also known as Dugen. Shennong: Acrid. Leigong: Toxic, causes death. Grows in Nan Yue mountains or Yizhou. Leaves resemble Kudzu (Ge), red stems, thick as arrows, yellow roots, harvested in January. Ge Hong's formulas state: Gouwen resembles edible celery but grows where no other grass exists. Its stems have hairs; accidental ingestion causes death. *Lingbiao Luyi* states: Yege is a poisonous plant, commonly called Humancao (Hu Man Cao). If accidentally ingested, it can be detoxified with sheep blood.
Chen Cangqi stated: If humans eat its leaves and drink cold water, they die. Cold water activates its toxicity. Locals feed humans Yege but do not give them cold water. Once the person becomes fat, giving them cold water leads to death, with the corpse hanging on a tree. The juice dripping onto the ground produces mushrooms, which are collected and named Junyao; it is more potent than Yege. Humancao leaves are slender, smooth, and glossy. Leigong stated: When using, do not use Dijing (Earth Essence); its seedlings and stems are identical to Gouwen. Gouwen effectively treats severe toxic sores on the human body. That Dijing, when boiled for human consumption, should be finely chopped, pounded, ground, and squeezed to extract natural juice for use in ointments; do not mistake it for ingestion. The Yellow Emperor asked Tian Lao: Do things born of heaven and earth cause death upon ingestion? Tian Lao replied: It is the essence of Taiyin, named Gouwen. It must not be eaten; ingestion causes death. The *Bowuzhi* states: Gouwen is toxic. Guixin (Cinnamon Heart) and scallion leaf sap can detoxify it.