主蛊毒中恶，血晕吐血。以酒或水细研温服之。亦涂金疮，生肌止血。疮在面，慎勿
涂之，黑入肉如印。此铛下墨是也。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶铛墨，无毒。
图经文具锻石条下。
千金方臭气。鼻气壅塞不通方∶水服釜墨末。又方∶治舌卒肿如猪胞状，满口，不治须
臾死
。以釜墨和酒涂舌下，立瘥。又方∶治心痛，取铛墨以热小便调下二钱匕。又方∶治逆生。
以手中指取釜下墨，交画儿足下，顿生。又方∶治中恶，心痛欲绝。用釜下墨半两，盐一钱
，和研，以熟水一盏调，顿服。肘后方∶治转筋，入肠中欲转者。釜底墨末，和酒服之瘥。
经验方治霍乱。取锅底墨煤少许，只半钱以下。又于灶额上取少许，以百沸汤一盏，投煤其
中，急搅数十下，用碗盖之，汗出通口微呷一、两口，吐泻立止。
\r 砂\pd50.bmp\r
味咸、苦、辛，温，有毒。不宜多服。主积聚，破结血，烂胎，止痛下气，疗咳嗽宿
冷，去恶肉，生好肌。柔金银，可为焊药。出西戎，形如牙硝，光净者良。驴马药亦用。
今按陈藏器本草云∶ 砂，主妇人、丈夫羸瘦积病，血气不调，肠鸣，食饮不消，腰脚
疼
，癖痰饮，喉中结气，反胃吐水。令人能食，肥健。一飞为酸砂，二飞为伏翼，三飞为定
精，色如鹅儿黄，和诸补药为丸，服之有暴热。飞炼有法，亦能变铁。又按别本注云∶胡
人
谓为浓沙，其性大热，今云温，恐有误也。（唐本先附）臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶ 砂，有
大
毒。畏浆水，忌羊血。味酸、咸。能销五金八石，腐坏人肠胃。生食之，化人心为血。中者
，研生绿豆汁，饮一、二升解之。道门中有伏炼法。能除冷病，大益阳事。萧炳云∶ 砂，
使。生不宜多服。光净者良，今生北庭为上。日华子云∶北庭砂，味辛、酸，暖，无毒。畏
一切酸。补水脏，暖子宫，消冷癖瘀血，宿食不消，气块 癖，及血崩带下，恶疮息肉。食
肉饱胀，夜多小便，女人血气心疼，丈夫腰胯酸重，四肢不任。凡修制，用黄丹、锻石作柜
，赤使用，并无毒。世人自疑烂肉，如人被刀刃所伤，以北庭 敷定，当时生痂。亦名狄
盐者。
图经曰∶ 砂，出西戎，今西凉夏国及河东、陕西近边州郡亦有之。然西戎来者，颗块
光明
，
大者有如拳，重三、五两，小者如指面，入药最紧。边界出者，杂碎如麻豆粒，又夹砂石，
用之须飞澄去土石讫，亦无力，彼人谓之气砂。此药近出唐世，而方书着古人单服一味，伏
火作丸子，亦有兼硫黄、马牙硝辈合饵者，不知方出何时？殊非古法。此本攻积聚之物，热
而有毒，多食腐坏人肠胃，生用又能化人心为血，固非平居可饵者。而西土人用淹肉炙以当
盐食之，无害，盖积习之久，若魏武啖野葛不毒之义也。又名北庭砂，又名狄盐。《本经》
云∶柔金银，可为焊药。今人作焊药，乃用硼砂，硼砂出于南海。性温，平。今医家治咽喉
最为要切。其状甚光莹，亦有极大块者，诸方亦稀用。
陈藏器云∶有暴热，损发。圣惠方治悬痈卒肿。用 砂半钱，绵裹含，咽津，即瘥。外
台秘
要∶救急治鱼骨哽在喉中。以少许 砂，口中咀嚼咽之，立下。经验方∶ 砂丸方∶ 砂不
计多
少，用罐子内着 砂，上面更坐罐子一个，用纸筋、白土和上下俱 了。窨干后，从辰初时
便用苍耳自在落下叶，将来捣罗为末，药上铺头盖底，上面罐子内用水坐着，水旋添，火烧
从罐子外五寸以来围绕，欲尽更添火，移向前罐子周回，火尽更旋烧促向前，计一伏时为度
，更不移火，却闲杂人及妇人不得见，一伏时住。取来捣罗为末，醋、面糊为丸如桐子大。
每服逐日十丸至十五丸，温酒或米饮下，并无忌，若烧吃三、二斤，进食无病。陈巽∶治元
脏
虚冷，气攻脐腹疼痛。 砂一两，川乌头生去皮脐，杵为末取二两， 砂生研，用纤霞草末
二两，与 砂同研匀，用一小砂罐子，不固济，慢火烧通赤热，将拌了者 砂入罐子内，不
盖口加顶火一秤，候火尽炉寒取出研，与乌头末同研匀，汤浸蒸饼丸如桐子大。每服三丸，
热木香汤、醋汤任下。青霞子《宝藏论》∶ 砂，若草伏住火不碎，可转制得诸石药，并引
诸
药，可治妇人久冷。 砂为五金贼也，若石药并灰霜伏得者，不堪用也。太清服炼灵砂法云
∶北庭砂所禀阴石之气，性含阳毒之精，功能消败去秽益阳，其功甚着。丹房镜源云∶ 砂
性有大毒，或沉冷之疾可服则愈，久服有痈肿。出北庭白黄者，诀曰为五金贼，能制合群药
。药中之使，自制雄、雌黄。
衍义曰∶ 砂，金银有伪，投熔窝中，其伪物尽消散。矧人腹中有久积，故可溃腐也。
合他
药治目中翳，用之须水飞过，入瓷器中，于重汤中煮其器，使自干，杀其毒及去其尘秽。
【背景信息】
书名：证类本草 作者：唐慎微 朝代：宋 章节：铛墨 / 砂 类别：本草
【正文翻译】
**铛墨（釜底黑灰）**
主治蛊毒（一种由虫毒引起的严重疾病）、中恶（突然感受秽浊邪气所致病证）、血晕（因失血或瘀血导致头晕目眩、意识丧失）及吐血。用酒或水细细研磨后温服。也可外涂于金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），能促进肌肉生长并止血。如果伤口在面部，切勿涂抹，因为黑色物质渗入皮肤会留下如印记般的黑斑。这就是锅底的墨（即釜底黑灰）。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本》记载：铛墨，无毒。
《图经本草》的详细内容在“锻石”条目下。
《千金方》治疗口臭、鼻气壅塞不通的方子：用水送服釜底黑灰粉末。另一个方子：治疗舌头突然肿胀如猪膀胱状，充满口腔，若不治疗片刻就会死亡。用釜底黑灰调和酒涂抹舌下，立即痊愈。又一个方子：治疗心痛，取铛墨用热小便调服二钱匕。又一个方子：治疗难产（逆生）。用手中指蘸取锅底墨，在孩子脚底交叉画符，孩子立刻出生。又一个方子：治疗中恶，心痛欲绝。用釜底墨半两，盐一钱，混合研磨，用熟水一盏调服，一次性服用。《肘后方》：治疗转筋（肌肉痉挛），抽筋进入肠中即将发作时。用釜底墨粉末，调和酒服用即可痊愈。
《经验方》治疗霍乱。取锅底黑灰少许，仅半钱以下。又在灶额上取少许，用一百次沸腾的水一盏，投入黑灰中，快速搅拌数十下，用碗盖住，待出汗后，通口微微呷饮一两口，呕吐腹泻立即停止。
味咸、苦、辛，性温，有毒。不宜多服。主治积聚（腹内结块），破结血，堕胎，止痛下气，治疗咳嗽宿冷，去除恶肉，生成好肌。能使金银柔软，可作为焊药。产于西戎，形状像牙硝，光亮洁净的质量好。驴马兽医也使用。
现在按陈藏器《本草》记载：砂，主治妇女、男子消瘦积病，气血不调，肠鸣，饮食不消化，腰脚疼痛，癖痰饮（积聚之痰饮），喉中结气，反胃吐水。使人能进食，身体肥壮健壮。一次飞炼称为酸砂，二次飞炼称为伏翼，三次飞炼称为定精，颜色像鹅雏黄，与各种补药制成丸剂服用，会产生暴热。飞炼有特定方法，也能使铁变化。又按另一版本注释说：胡人称之为浓沙，其性大热，现在说是温，恐怕有误。（唐本先附）
臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：砂，有大毒。畏浆水，忌羊血。味酸、咸。能熔化五金八石，腐蚀人的肠胃。生食它，会将人心化为血。中毒者，研磨生绿豆汁，饮用一、二升可解毒。道门中有伏炼法。能除去冷病，大益阳事。萧炳说：砂，为使药。生品不宜多服。光亮洁净的质量好，现在以北庭出产的为上品。
日华子说：北庭砂，味辛、酸，性暖，无毒。畏一切酸性物质。补水脏，暖子宫，消除冷癖瘀血，宿食不消，气块癖，以及血崩带下，恶疮息肉。食肉饱胀，夜间多尿，女人血气心疼，丈夫腰胯酸重，四肢无力。凡是修制，用黄丹、锻石制作柜子，赤色使用，都无毒。世人自己怀疑烂肉，如人被刀刃所伤，用北庭砂敷定，当时生痂。又名狄盐。
《图经本草》说：砂，产于西戎，现在西凉夏国及河东、陕西近边州郡也有出产。然而来自西戎的，颗粒块光明，大的有如拳头，重三、五两，小的如手指面，入药最要紧。边界出产的，杂碎如麻豆粒，又夹杂砂石，使用时必须飞澄去除土石完毕，也没有效力，当地人称之为气砂。此药近代才出现，而方书记载古人单服一味，伏火做成丸子，也有兼硫黄、马牙硝等合服的，不知道方子出自何时？绝非古法。这本来是攻逐积聚之物，热而有毒，多吃腐蚀人的肠胃，生用又能化人心为血，本来不是平时可以服用的。而西域人用它腌肉烤着当盐吃，没有害处，大概是积累习惯久了，就像魏武帝吃野葛而不中毒的道理一样。又名北庭砂，又名狄盐。《本经》说：柔金银，可作为焊药。现在人做焊药，是用硼砂，硼砂出于南海。性温，平。现在医家治疗咽喉最为重要。它的形状很光莹，也有极大块的，各方书也很少用。
陈藏器说：有暴热，损发。《圣惠方》治疗悬痈突然肿胀。用砂半钱，绵裹含在口中，咽津液，即痊愈。《外台秘要》：救急治疗鱼骨哽在喉中。用少许砂，在口中咀嚼咽下，立刻落下。《经验方》：砂丸方：砂不计多少，用罐子内放砂，上面再坐一个罐子，用纸筋、白土和泥上下俱密封。阴干后，从辰初时便用苍耳自在落下的叶，将来捣罗为末，药上铺头盖底，上面罐子内用水坐着，水旋添，火烧从罐子外五寸以来围绕，欲尽更添火，移向前罐子周回，火尽更旋烧促向前，计一伏时为度，更不移火，却闲杂人及妇人不得见，一伏时停。取来捣罗为末，醋、面糊为丸如桐子大。每服每日十丸至十五丸，温酒或米饮下，并无禁忌，若烧吃三、二斤，进食无病。
陈巽：治疗元脏虚冷，气攻脐腹疼痛。砂一两，川乌头生去皮脐，杵为末取二两，砂生研，用纤霞草末二两，与砂同研匀，用一小砂罐子，不固济，慢火烧通赤热，将拌了者砂入罐子内，不盖口加顶火一秤，候火尽炉寒取出研，与乌头末同研匀，汤浸蒸饼丸如桐子大。每服三丸，热木香汤、醋汤任下。
青霞子《宝藏论》：砂，若草伏住火不碎，可转制得诸石药，并引诸药，可治妇人久冷。砂为五金贼也，若石药并灰霜伏得者，不堪用也。太清服炼灵砂法云：北庭砂所禀阴石之气，性含阳毒之精，功能消败去秽益阳，其功甚着。丹房镜源云：砂性有大毒，或沉冷之疾可服则愈，久服有痈肿。出北庭白黄者，诀曰为五金贼，能制合群药。药中之使，自制雄、雌黄。
《衍义》说：砂，金银有伪，投熔窝中，其伪物尽消散。况且人腹中有久积，故可溃腐也。合他药治目中翳，用之须水飞过，入瓷器中，于重汤中煮其器，使自干，杀其毒及去其尘秽。
[Background Information]
Book: Zhenglei Bencao (Illustrated Compendium of Materia Medica)
Author: Tang Shenwei
Dynasty: Song
Chapter: Dangmo / Sha (Pot Ash / Borax)
Category: Materia Medica
[Translation]
**Dangmo (Pot Ash / Soot from the Bottom of a Cauldron)**
Mainly treats Gu poison (a severe disease caused by insect toxins), Zhong'e (sudden illness caused by foul pathogenic factors), blood syncope (dizziness and loss of consciousness due to blood loss or stasis), and hematemesis (vomiting blood). Grind finely with wine or water and take warm. It can also be applied externally to metal wounds (traumas caused by sharp metal objects) to promote tissue regeneration and stop bleeding. If the wound is on the face, do not apply it, as the black pigment may penetrate the flesh and leave an印-like mark. This refers to the soot from the bottom of a pot (i.e., soot from a cauldron). (Added in current edition)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note that according to the Shu Edition: Dangmo is non-toxic.
The detailed illustrations and descriptions are found under the entry for "Duanshi" (Calcined Stone) in the *Tujing*.
*Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold): For treating bad breath and nasal congestion/blockage: Take pot ash powder with water. Another prescription: To treat sudden swelling of the tongue resembling a pig's bladder, filling the mouth; if untreated, death will occur within moments. Mix pot ash with wine and apply to the sublingual area; recovery is immediate. Another prescription: To treat heart pain, take Dangmo and mix with hot urine, administer two Qianbi (ancient measure). Another prescription: To treat dystocia (breech presentation). Dip the middle finger of the hand into the soot from the bottom of the pot and draw crossing marks on the infant's feet; birth occurs immediately. Another prescription: To treat Zhong'e with excruciating heart pain. Use half Liang of pot soot and one Qian of salt, grind together, mix with one cup of boiled water, and take at once. *Zhouhou Fang* (Prescriptions Kept in the Sleeve): To treat muscle spasms (tetany/cramps) where cramping moves into the intestines. Take pot ash powder, mix with wine, and take; recovery ensues.
*Jingyan Fang* (Experienced Prescriptions): To treat Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome with vomiting and diarrhea). Take a small amount of soot from the bottom of the cooking pot, no more than half a Qian. Also take a small amount from the top of the stove, add to one cup of boiling water, stir vigorously dozens of times, cover with a bowl. Once sweating occurs, sip one or two mouthfuls through the lips; vomiting and diarrhea stop immediately.
**Sha (Borax)**
Taste: Salty, bitter, pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Toxic. Do not take in large doses. Mainly treats accumulations (abdominal masses), breaks up congealed blood, induces abortion, relieves pain and directs Qi downward, treats chronic cold cough, removes necrotic tissue, and promotes healthy tissue growth. Softens gold and silver, used as soldering flux. Originates from Western Regions (Xi Rong). Shape resembles nitre (saltpeter); those that are bright and clean are superior. Also used in veterinary medicine for donkeys and horses.
Current analysis based on Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Sha treats emaciation and accumulation diseases in women and men, irregular Qi and blood, borborygmus (intestinal rumbling), indigestion, lower back and leg pain, Pi and Tan Yin (accumulated phlegm-fluids), Qi knotting in the throat, regurgitation and vomiting of water. It promotes appetite and strengthens the body. One calcination is called Suan Sha (Acid Borax), two calcinations Fu Yi, three calcinations Ding Jing. The color is like a yellow chick. When made into pills with various tonifying herbs, it causes sudden heat. Calcination follows specific methods and can transform iron. Another version notes: Hu people call it Nong Sha; its nature is greatly hot, whereas now it is said to be warm, which may be an error. (Previously attached in Tang edition)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note *Yaoxing Lun*: Sha has great toxicity. It fears Jiangshui (fermented grain liquid) and avoids sheep blood. Taste: Sour, salty. It can melt the five metals and eight stones, corroding human intestines and stomach. Eating it raw turns human heart into blood. In case of poisoning, grind raw mung beans, drink one or two Sheng to detoxify. Daoist practitioners have Fu Lian methods. It removes cold diseases and greatly benefits Yang function. Xiao Bing says: Sha acts as an envoy herb. Raw form should not be taken in excess. Bright and clean quality is best; currently, Beiting origin is considered superior.
Rihua Zi says: Beiting Sha tastes pungent and sour, is warm, and non-toxic. It fears all acidic substances. It supplements the Water Zang (Kidney), warms the uterus, eliminates cold Pi and blood stasis, indigestion, Qi masses and Pi, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, malignant sores and polyps. It treats bloating after eating meat, nocturia, female Qi-blood heart pain, male soreness and heaviness in waist and hips, and weakness in four limbs. For preparation, use Huangdan (Red Lead) and Duanshi to make a cabinet; red usage is non-toxic. People use it themselves for suspected rotting flesh, such as knife wounds; applying Beiting Sha forms a scab immediately. Also known as Di Yan.
*Tujing* states: Sha originates from Western Regions; currently produced in Xiliang Xia Kingdom and bordering prefectures of Hedong and Shaanxi. Those from Western Regions come in bright, lumpy pieces; large ones are fist-sized, weighing three to five Liang; small ones are finger-nail sized, most potent for medicinal use. Border-produced ones are fragmented like hemp seeds, mixed with sand and gravel; must be purified by flying and settling to remove earth and stones, otherwise ineffective; locals call it Qi Sha. This drug appeared recently in Tang times, yet ancient texts record single-herb usage, fire-subdued into pills, sometimes combined with sulfur and saltpeter. The origin of these prescriptions is unknown; they are certainly not ancient methods. This substance attacks accumulations; it is hot and toxic. Overconsumption corrodes intestines and stomach; raw use transforms heart into blood. Thus, it is not suitable for daily consumption. However, Western people pickle meat with it and roast it as salt without harm, likely due to long-term adaptation, similar to Emperor Wu of Wei consuming wild Gē (a toxic plant) without toxicity. Also known as Beiting Sha and Di Yan. *Benjing* states: Softens gold and silver, used as soldering flux. Currently, people use Pengsha (Borax) for soldering; Pengsha originates from South Sea. Nature: Warm, neutral. Now essential for treating throat conditions. Its appearance is very glossy; large blocks exist but are rarely used in prescriptions.
Chen Cangqi notes: Causes sudden heat, damages hair. *Shenghui Fang* treats sudden swelling of perineal abscesses. Use half a Qian of Sha, wrap in silk, hold in mouth, swallow saliva; recovery is immediate. *Waitai Miyao*: Emergency treatment for fish bone stuck in throat. Chew a small amount of Sha in the mouth and swallow; the bone falls out immediately. *Jingyan Fang*: Sha Pill Prescription. Place Sha in a jar, place another jar on top, seal with paper fiber and white clay. Dry in shade. From Chen hour, use fallen leaves of Xeranthemum indicum, grind to powder, spread over the medicine covering top and bottom. Add water to the upper jar, keep adding water, surround the outer jar with fire starting from five cun away. As fire diminishes, add more and move forward around the jar. Continue until one Si (approx. 2 hours) passes, then stop moving fire. Keep away from strangers and women. After one Si, stop. Grind to powder, make pills with vinegar and flour paste, size of wu-tzu seeds. Take 10-15 pills daily with warm wine or rice water; no taboos. If roasted and consumed in quantities of three to two Jin, digestion remains normal without disease.
Chen Xun: Treats Yuan Zang deficiency-cold, Qi attacking umbilical and abdominal pain. One Liang of Sha, raw Chuan Wutou (Aconitum carmichaelii) peeled and de-navelled, pounded to powder, take two Liang. Raw Sha ground, mixed evenly with two Liang of Qianxia Cao powder. Use a small clay jar, unsealed, slowly heated until red-hot. Put the mixed Sha inside, do not cover, add weight to top. Wait until fire burns out and furnace cools, take out, grind, mix evenly with Wutou powder. Make pills with steamed dough soaked in decoction, size of wu-tzu seeds. Take three pills each time with hot Mugwort Xiāng decoction or vinegar decoction.
Qingxiazi *Baozang Lun*: If Sha is covered with grass to extinguish fire without breaking, it can transform other stone drugs and guide other herbs, treating chronic cold in women. Sha is the thief of the five metals. If stone drugs and frost are subdued by it, they are unusable. *Taiqing Fulián Língshā Fǎ* states: Beiting Sha inherits the Qi of Yin stones, contains the essence of Yang toxicity. Its function is to eliminate decay, remove filth, and benefit Yang; its efficacy is prominent. *Danfang Jingyuan* states: Sha has great toxicity. It can cure deep-seated cold diseases if taken, but long-term use causes carbuncles and swellings. White-yellow Sha from Beiting is described as the thief of five metals, capable of controlling and combining group drugs. It acts as an envoy in medicines, self-controlling Realgar and Orpiment.
*Yanyi* states: Sha dissolves counterfeit gold and silver when thrown into melting crucibles, causing fake materials to dissipate. Furthermore, since humans have long-standing accumulations in the abdomen, it can disintegrate them. Combined with other herbs to treat eye nebulae, it must be washed with water, placed in porcelain, boiled in a double boiler, and dried naturally to kill toxicity and remove dust.