\r防葵\pd78.bmp\r
味辛，甘、苦，寒，无毒。主疝瘕，肠泄，膀胱热结，溺不下，咳逆，温疟，癫痫，
惊邪狂走，疗五脏虚气，小腹支满，胪胀，口干，除肾邪，强志。久服坚骨髓，益气轻身。
中
火者不可服，令人恍惚见鬼。一名梨盖，一名防慈，一名爵离，一名农果，一名利茹，一名
方盖。生临淄川谷及嵩高、泰山、少室。三月三日采根，曝干。
陶隐居云∶北信断，今用建平间者，云本与野狼毒同根，犹如三建，今其形亦相似，但置
水中
不沉尔，而野狼毒陈久亦不能沉矣。唐本注云∶此药上品，无毒，久服主邪气惊狂之患。其根
叶似葵花子根，香味似防风，故名防葵。采根据时者，亦能沉水，令乃用枯朽野狼毒当之，极为
谬矣。此物亦稀有，襄阳、望楚、山东及兴州西方有之。其兴州采得乃胜南者，为邻蜀土也
。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶防葵，君，有小毒。能治疝气， 癖气块，膀胱宿水，血气瘤
大如碗，悉能消散。治鬼疟，主百邪鬼魅精怪，通气。
图经曰∶防葵，生临淄川谷及嵩高、少室、泰山。苏恭云∶襄阳、望楚、山东及兴州西
方有
之。其兴州采得乃胜南者，为邻蜀土也。今唯出襄阳，诸郡不闻有之。其叶似葵，每茎三叶
，一本十数茎，中发一干，其端开花，如葱花、景天辈而色白。根似防风，香味亦如之，根据
时采者乃沉水。陶隐居云∶与野狼毒同根，但置水不沉耳。今乃用枯朽野狼毒当之，极为谬矣。
三月三日采，六月开花即结实，采根为药。
陈藏器云∶按此二物，一是上品，而陶云防葵与野狼毒根同，但置水中不沉尔。然此二物，
善恶
不同，形质又别，陶既为此说，后人因而用之。防葵将以破坚积为下品之物，与野狼毒同功。
今古因循，遂无甄别，此殊误也。雷公云∶凡使，勿误用野狼毒，缘真似防葵，而验之有异，
效
又不同，切须审之，恐误疾人。其防葵在蔡州沙土中生，采得二十日便 ，用之唯轻为妙。
欲使先须拣去 末后，用甘草汤浸一宿，漉出曝干，用黄精自然汁一、二升拌了，土器中炒
令黄精汁尽。肘后方∶治癫狂疾。防葵末，温酒服一刀圭，至二、三服，身润有小不仁为候
味辛、甘、苦，性寒，无毒。主治疝瘕（腹内结块），肠泄（腹泻），膀胱热结（湿热蕴结于膀胱导致的小便不利），小便不通，咳逆（气逆上冲），温疟（一种发热时间较长的疟疾），癫痫，惊邪狂走（因受惊吓导致的狂奔乱走），调理五脏虚气，小腹胀满，腹部胀大，口干，祛除肾邪，增强意志。长期服用可坚固骨髓，益气轻身。但中火者（体内有实火或阴虚火旺之人）不可服用，否则令人恍惚见鬼。又名梨盖，又名防慈，又名爵离，又名农果，又名利茹，又名方盖。产于临淄川谷以及嵩山、泰山、少室山。三月三日采集根部，晒干。
陶隐居说：北方已断绝来源，现在使用的是建平地区的药材，据说原本与野狼毒同根，就像“三建”一样，现在其形状也相似，只是放入水中不沉罢了，而陈久的野狼毒也不能沉水了。《唐本注》说：此药为上品，无毒，长期服用可主治邪气引起的惊狂之患。其根叶像葵花子的根，香味像防风，所以名叫防葵。在根据时令采集时，也能沉入水中，现在却用枯朽的野狼毒来冒充，极为错误。这种药物也很稀有，襄阳、望楚、山东及兴州西方有出产。其中兴州采得的胜过南方的，因为靠近蜀地土壤的缘故。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：防葵，为君药，有小毒。能治疗疝气，癖气块（腹内结块），膀胱宿水，血气瘤大如碗，都能消散。治疗鬼疟，主治百邪鬼魅精怪，通气。
《图经》说：防葵，产于临淄川谷以及嵩山、少室山、泰山。苏恭说：襄阳、望楚、山东及兴州西方有出产。其中兴州采得的胜过南方的，因为靠近蜀地土壤的缘故。现在只出产于襄阳，其他郡县没听说有出产。其叶子像葵菜，每茎三片叶子，一株有十数茎，中间发出一干，顶端开花，像葱花、景天类植物，颜色白色。根像防风，香味也像，根据时令采集的能沉入水中。陶隐居说：与野狼毒同根，只是放入水中不沉罢了。现在却用枯朽的野狼毒来冒充，极为错误。三月三日采集，六月开花结果，采集根部入药。
陈藏器说：考察这两种药，一种是上品，而陶隐居说防葵与野狼毒同根，只是放入水中不沉罢了。然而这两种药，善恶不同，形质又各异，陶隐居既然这样说，后人因此沿用。防葵本应是将破坚积作为下品之物，与野狼毒功效相同。古今沿袭，于是没有甄别，这是很大的错误。雷公说：凡是使用，不要误用野狼毒，因为真的防葵与之相似，但验证起来有差异，疗效又不同，务必仔细审查，恐怕误害病人。防葵生长在蔡州的沙土中，采得二十日后便干燥，使用时以轻量为妙。欲使用前须先拣去芦头末梢，用甘草汤浸泡一夜，捞出晒干，用黄精自然汁一、二升拌匀，在土器中炒至黄精汁尽。《肘后方》：治疗癫狂病。防葵粉末，温酒送服一刀圭，一至三服后，身体润泽且有轻微麻木感为见效标志。
Fang Kui (Radix Saposhnikoviae)
Pungent, sweet, and bitter in flavor; cold in nature; non-toxic. It primarily treats hernia masses (abdominal lumps), intestinal diarrhea, heat accumulation in the bladder (damp-heat stagnation in the bladder causing urinary difficulty), inability to urinate, cough with qi rebellion, warm malaria (a type of malaria with prolonged fever), epilepsy, fright-induced madness and running about, regulates deficiency qi of the five zang organs, distension and fullness in the lower abdomen, abdominal swelling, dry mouth, expels kidney pathogenic factors, and strengthens willpower. Long-term use solidifies bone marrow, benefits qi, and lightens the body. However, those with internal fire should not take it, as it causes hallucinations of seeing ghosts. Also known as Li Gai, Fang Ci, Jue Li, Nong Guo, Li Ru, and Fang Gai. It grows in the valleys of Linzi, as well as in Songgao, Taishan, and Shaoshi. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the sun.
Tao Hongjing stated: The northern supply has ceased, and currently, medicinal materials from Jianping are used. It is said that originally, it shared the same root as Ye Lang Du (Radix Stellerae Chamaejasme), similar to the "Three Jians." Currently, their shapes are also similar, but when placed in water, they do not sink. However, aged Ye Lang Du also fails to sink. The *Tang Ben Zhu* notes: This medicine is of the highest grade, non-toxic, and long-term use treats conditions of fright and madness caused by pathogenic factors. Its roots and leaves resemble those of the sunflower seed root, and its fragrance resembles Fang Feng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), hence the name Fang Kui. When harvested according to the proper season, it can sink in water. Currently, using rotten and decayed Ye Lang Du to substitute for it is extremely erroneous. This substance is also rare; it is found in Xiangyang, Wangchu, Shandong, and the western regions of Xingzhou. Those harvested in Xingzhou are superior to those from the south because the soil is adjacent to Shu. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the *Yao Xing Lun*, state: Fang Kui is a sovereign herb with slight toxicity. It can treat hernia qi, fixed abdominal masses, retained water in the bladder, and blood-qi tumors as large as a bowl, all of which can be dissipated. It treats ghost malaria, governs various evil spirits and demons, and promotes the flow of qi.
The *Tu Jing* states: Fang Kui grows in the valleys of Linzi, as well as in Songgao, Shaoshi, and Taishan. Su Gong stated: It is found in Xiangyang, Wangchu, Shandong, and the western regions of Xingzhou. Those harvested in Xingzhou are superior to those from the south because the soil is adjacent to Shu. Currently, it is only produced in Xiangyang, and no other commanderies report its existence. Its leaves resemble those of mallow, with three leaves per stem, and each plant has dozens of stems. A single stalk emerges from the center, bearing flowers at the tip, resembling onion flowers or Sedum species, with white color. The root resembles Fang Feng, and its fragrance is similar. Roots harvested according to the proper season sink in water. Tao Hongjing stated: It shares the same root as Ye Lang Du, but does not sink in water. Currently, using rotten and decayed Ye Lang Du to substitute for it is extremely erroneous. It is harvested on the third day of the third lunar month, flowers in the sixth month and bears fruit, and the roots are collected for medicinal use.
Chen Cangqi stated: Investigating these two substances, one is of the highest grade, yet Tao Hongjing claimed that Fang Kui and Ye Lang Du share the same root, differing only in whether they sink in water. However, these two substances differ in goodness and badness, and their forms and textures are distinct. Since Tao Hongjing made this statement, later generations have followed suit. Fang Kui was originally intended to be a subordinate-grade substance for breaking down hard accumulations, functioning similarly to Ye Lang Du. Due to ancient and modern continuity without discrimination, this is a significant error. Lei Gong stated: In usage, do not mistakenly use Ye Lang Du, because the genuine Fang Kui resembles it, but verification reveals differences, and efficacy varies. Careful examination is essential to avoid harming patients. Fang Kui grows in the sandy soil of Caizhou. After harvesting, it dries within twenty days. For use, light weight is preferable. Before use, the rhizome tips must be removed. Soak in Licorice Decoction (Gancao Tang) overnight, drain, and dry in the sun. Mix with one to two sheng of fresh juice of Polygonatum Rhizoma (Huangjing), and stir-fry in an earthen vessel until the Huangjing juice is exhausted. *Zhou Hou Fang*: Treats mania and madness. Powdered Fang Kui, taken with warm wine, one Dao Gui to two or three doses. The sign of effectiveness is a moist body with slight numbness.