味辛，温，有毒。主腹中大坚症，破积聚，息肉，恶疮，白秃，疗寒热痞结，胁下满
。一名百足，一名马轴。生玄菟川谷。
陶隐居云∶李云此虫形长五、六寸，状如大蛩，夏月登树鸣，冬则蛰，今人呼为飞 （音
玄）
虫也，恐不必是马陆尔。今有一细黄虫，状如蜈蚣而甚长，俗名土虫，鸡食之醉闷亦至死。
书云∶百足之虫，至死不僵（居良切）。此虫足甚多，寸寸断便寸行，或欲相似，方∶家既
不
复用，市人亦无取者，未详何者的是。唐本注云∶此虫大如细笔管，长三、四寸，斑色，一
如
蚰蜒，襄阳人名为马 ，亦呼马轴，亦名刀环虫，以其死侧卧，状如刀环也。有人自毒，服
一枚便死也。
雷公云∶凡使，收得后，糠头炒，令糠头焦黑，取马陆出，用竹刮足去头了，研成末用
之。
衍义曰∶马陆，即今百节虫也，身如槎节，节有细蹙纹，起紫黑色，光润，百足。死则
侧卧
如环，长二、三寸，尤者粗如小指。西京上阳宫及内城砖墙中甚多，入药至鲜。
\r蛙\pd470.bmp\r
味甘，寒，无毒。主小儿赤气，肌疮，脐伤，止痛，气不足。一名长股。生水中，取无
时。
陶隐居云∶凡蜂、蚁、蛙、蝉，其类最多。大而青脊者，俗名土鸭，其鸣甚壮。又一种
黑色
，南人名为蛤子，食之至美。又一种小形善鸣唤，名蛙子，此则是也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本
注
背
有黄路者，名金线。杀尸疰病虫，去劳劣，解热毒，身青绿者是。
图经曰∶蛙，《本经》不载所出州土，云生水中，今处处有之。似虾蟆而背青绿色，俗
谓之
青蛙。亦有背作黄纹者，人谓之金线蛙。陶隐居云∶蜂、蚁、蛙、蝉，其类最多，大腹而脊
青
即《尔雅》所谓在水曰黾者是也。黑色者，南人呼为蛤子，食之
至美，即今所谓之蛤，亦名水鸡是也。闽、蜀、浙东人以为珍馔。彼人云∶食之补虚损，尤
宜产妇，即此也。小形善鸣唤者，名蛙子，即药中所用蛙是也。其余蝼蝈、长肱、蠼子之类
非药中所须，不复悉载也。
衍义曰∶蛙，其色青，腹细嘴尖，后脚长，故善跃。大其声则曰蛙，小其声则曰蛤，《月
令
》所谓雀入大水化为蛤者也。唐·韩退之诗∶一夜青蛙啼到晓者是。此食之性平，解劳热。
【马陆】
味辛，性温，有毒。主治腹中坚积的症块，破除积聚、息肉、恶疮、白秃（头皮癣），治疗寒热痞结及胁下胀满。又名百足，又名马轴。产于玄菟郡的山谷中。
陶弘景说：李云认为这种虫体长五、六寸，形状像大蟋蟀，夏天登树鸣叫，冬天蛰伏，现在的人称它为飞（音同“玄”）虫，恐怕不一定就是马陆。现在有一种细小的黄虫，形状像蜈蚣但更长，俗名叫土虫，鸡吃了它会醉闷甚至死亡。书上说：“百足之虫，至死不僵。”这种虫脚非常多，一寸一寸地断开仍能一寸一寸地行走，或者看起来相似。方书家已经不再使用它，市场上也没有人采集它，不清楚究竟哪一种才是真的马陆。《新修本草》注解说：这种虫大小如细笔管，长三、四寸，有斑纹，完全像蚰蜒，襄阳人称为马陆，也叫马轴，也叫刀环虫，因为它死后侧卧，形状像刀环一样。有人误服此毒虫，吃一枚就会死亡。
雷公说：凡是入药用的，采收后，用米糠头炒制，直到米糠头焦黑，取出马陆，用竹片刮去足和头，研磨成末使用。
《衍义》说：马陆，就是现在的百节虫，身体像木柴的节段，每节有细密的皱纹，呈紫黑色，光滑润泽，有一百只脚。死后侧卧如环状，长二、三寸，大的粗如小指。西京上阳宫及内城的砖墙中很多，入药非常少见。
【蛙】
味甘，性寒，无毒。主治小儿赤气（皮肤红肿发热）、肌疮、脐伤，止痛，补气不足。又名长股。生长在水中，随时可以捕捉。
陶弘景说：大凡蜂、蚁、蛙、蝉，种类最多。体型大而青脊的，俗名叫土鸭，叫声很洪亮。又一种黑色的，南方人叫它蛤子，吃起来极美味。又一种体型小且善于鸣叫的，名叫蛙子，这才是药用的蛙。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本草》注解说：背上有黄色纹路（路通络）的，名叫金线蛙。能杀尸疰病虫，去除劳损虚弱，解热毒，身体青绿色的是正品。
《图经本草》说：蛙，《神农本草经》未记载其出产州土，只说生于水中，现在到处都有。形状像蟾蜍但背部青绿色，俗称为青蛙。也有背部有黄色花纹的，人们叫它金线蛙。陶弘景说：蜂、蚁、蛙、蝉，种类最多，大肚子而脊背青色的，就是《尔雅》所说的在水中的“黾”。黑色的，南方人呼为蛤子，吃起来极美味，就是现在所谓的蛤，也叫水鸡。福建、四川、浙东人把它当作珍馐。那里的人说：吃它能补虚损，尤其适合产妇，指的就是这种。体型小善于鸣叫的，名叫蛙子，就是药中所用的蛙。其余蝼蝈、长肱、蠼子之类的不是药中所需要的，不再详细记载。
《衍义》说：蛙，颜色青，腹部细嘴巴尖，后腿长，所以善于跳跃。声音大就叫蛙，声音小就叫蛤，《月令》中所谓“雀入大水化为蛤”就是指这个。唐代韩愈的诗：“一夜青蛙啼到晓”说的就是这个。这种食物性平，能解劳热。
[Milu (Millipede)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Mainly treats large, hard accumulations in the abdomen (Jian Zheng), breaks up accumulations and masses (Ji Ju), polyps, malignant sores, white tinea capitis (Bai Tu), treats cold-heat pi-jie (obstructive knotting) and fullness under the hypochondrium. Also known as Bai Zu (Hundred Feet), also known as Ma Zhou. Grows in the valleys of Xuan Tu Commandery.
Tao Hongjing stated: Li Yun believed this insect is five or six cun long, resembling a large cricket, climbs trees to sing in summer, and hibernates in winter. People now call it Fei Xuan (Flying Xuan) insect, which may not necessarily be Milu. Currently, there is a small yellow insect resembling a centipede but longer, commonly called Tu Chong (Earth Insect); chickens become intoxicated or even die after eating it. The book states: "The insect with a hundred feet does not stiffen upon death." This insect has many legs; if broken into inches, each inch can still move inch by inch, appearing similar. Physicians no longer use it, and merchants do not collect it; it remains unclear which one is the true Milu. The annotation of *Xin Xiu Ben Cao* states: This insect is as thick as a fine brush handle, three or four cun long, spotted, exactly like a house centipede (You Yan). People in Xiangyang call it Ma Lu, also Ma Zhou, or Dao Huan Chong (Knife Ring Insect) because when dead, it lies on its side shaped like a knife ring. If someone accidentally ingests this toxic insect, consuming one piece causes death.
Lei Gong stated: For processing, after collection, stir-fry with bran heads until the bran turns blackish-brown. Remove the Milu, scrape off the legs and head with bamboo, grind into powder for use.
*Yan Yi* stated: Milu is the current Bai Jie Chong (Hundred Joint Insect). Its body resembles wood joints, with fine wrinkled patterns on each joint, appearing purplish-black and glossy, possessing a hundred feet. Upon death, it lies on its side in a ring shape, two or three cun long; larger ones are as thick as a little finger. It is abundant in the brick walls of Shangyang Palace and the inner city of the Western Capital, but rarely used in medicine.
[Frog]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Chi Qi (redness and heat) in children, skin sores, umbilical injuries, relieves pain, and tonifies Qi deficiency. Also known as Chang Gu. Grows in water; can be caught at any time.
Tao Hongjing stated: Among bees, ants, frogs, and cicadas, the varieties are numerous. Those that are large with green backs are commonly called Tu Ya (Earth Duck) and have loud calls. Another variety is black, called Ha Zi by southerners, and is delicious to eat. Another small variety that sings well is called Wa Zi, which is the correct medicinal frog. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the annotation of *Shu Ben Cao*, stated: Those with yellow lines (Lu, meaning veins/paths) on the back are named Jin Xian (Golden Thread). They kill corpse-wandering parasites, relieve asthenia, and resolve heat toxicity; those with green bodies are authentic.
*TU Jing* stated: Frog. *Ben Jing* does not record its place of origin, stating only that it grows in water. Now it is found everywhere. It resembles a toad but has a green back, commonly called Qing Wa (Green Frog). Some have yellow patterns on their backs, called Jin Xian Wa (Golden Thread Frog). Tao Hongjing stated: Among bees, ants, frogs, and cicadas, varieties are numerous. Those with large bellies and green backs are what *Erya* refers to as Min (turtle/frog) in water. The black ones, called Ha Zi by southerners, are delicious, referring to the current clam/toad, also known as Shui Ji (Water Chicken). People in Fujian, Sichuan, and eastern Zhejiang consider it a delicacy. Locals say it tonifies deficiency and is especially suitable for postpartum women, referring to this species. The small, singing variety is called Wa Zi, which is the frog used in medicine. Other species such as Lou Huo, Chang Gong, and Qu Zi are not required for medicine and are not recorded in detail.
*Yan Yi* stated: Frogs are green, with slender bellies, pointed mouths, and long hind legs, making them good jumpers. When the sound is loud, it is called Wa; when soft, it is called Ha. This corresponds to the *Yue Ling* statement: "Sparrows enter the great water and transform into clams." Han Yu's poem in Tang Dynasty: "A night of frog croaking until dawn" refers to this. This food has a neutral nature and resolves labor-related heat.