\r黄芩\pd150.bmp\r
味苦，平、大寒，无毒。主诸热黄胆，肠 泄痢，逐水下血闭，恶疮疽蚀火疡，疗痰
热，胃中热，小腹绞痛，消谷，利小肠，女子血闭，淋露下血，小儿腹痛。一名腐肠，一名
空肠，一名内虚，一名黄文，一名经芩，一名妒妇。其子主肠 脓血。生秭归川谷及冤句。
三月三日采根，阴干。（得浓朴、黄连止腹痛。得五味子、牡蒙、牡蛎令人有子。得黄 、
白蔹、赤小豆疗鼠 。山茱萸、龙骨为之使，恶葱实，畏丹砂、牡丹、藜芦。）
陶隐居云∶秭归属建平郡，今第一出彭城，郁州亦有之。圆者名子芩为胜，破者名宿芩，
其
腹中皆烂，故名腐肠。唯取深色坚实者为好。俗方多用，道家不须。
唐本注云∶叶细长，两叶相对，作丛生，亦有独茎者。今出宜州、 州、泾州者佳。兖
州者
大实亦好，名豚尾芩也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶黄芩，臣，味苦、甘。能治热毒，骨蒸
，
寒热往来，肠胃不利，破拥气，治五淋，令人宣畅，去关节烦闷，解热渴，治热，腹中 痛
，心腹坚胀。日华子云∶下气，主天行热疾，疔疮，排脓，治乳痈、发背。
图经曰∶黄芩，生秭归山谷及冤句，今川蜀、河东、陕西近郡皆有之。苗长尺余，茎秆
粗如
箸
，叶从地四面作丛生，类紫草，高一尺许，亦有独茎者，叶细长，青色，两两相对。六月开
紫花，根黄如知母粗细，长四、五寸，二月、八月采根，曝干用之。《吴普本草》云∶黄芩
又名印头，一名内虚。二月生赤黄叶，两两、四四相值，其茎空中，或方圆，高三、四尺。
花紫红赤，五月实黑，根黄。二月、九月采。与今所有小异。张仲景治伤寒心下痞满泻心汤
，四方皆用黄芩，以其主诸热，利小肠故也。又太阳病，下之利下止，有葛根黄芩黄连汤，
及主妊娠安胎散亦多用黄芩。今医家尝用有效者，因着之。又《千金方》∶巴郡太守奏加减
三黄丸，疗男子五劳七伤，消渴，不生肌肉，妇人带下，手足寒热者。春三月，黄芩四两，
大黄三两，黄连四两；夏三月，黄芩六两，大黄一两，黄连七两；秋三月，黄芩六两，大黄
二两，黄连三两；冬三月，黄芩三两，大黄五两，黄连二两。三物随时合捣下筛，蜜丸大如
乌豆。米饮服五丸，日三。不知，稍增七丸，服一月病愈。久服走及走奔马，近频有验。食
禁猪肉。又陶隐居云∶黄芩圆者名子芩。仲景治杂病方，多用之。
千金翼治淋。黄芩四两，袋贮之，水五升煮三升，分三服。梅师治火丹。杵黄芩末，水
调敷
之。
味苦，性平、大寒，无毒。主治各种热证引起的黄疸（湿热郁蒸所致的以身黄、目黄、小便黄为主要表现的病证），肠澼泄痢（肠道湿热导致的腹泻痢疾），驱逐水饮、通利血闭（因瘀血或水湿阻滞导致经血不通），治疗恶疮、疽蚀（毒邪深重腐蚀肌肉的疮疡）、火疡（火烧烫伤），疗治痰热，清除胃中热邪，缓解小腹绞痛，帮助消化谷物，通利小肠，治疗女子血闭，淋露下血（小便淋漓带血或妇女非经期出血），以及小儿腹痛。又名腐肠，又名空肠，又名内虚，又名黄文，又名经芩，又名妒妇。其子（指黄芩的种子或特定部位）主治肠中脓血。产于秭归川谷及冤句。三月三日采集根部，阴干。（与厚朴、黄连同用可止腹痛；与五味子、牡蒙、牡蛎同用可助生育；与黄柏、白蔹、赤小豆同用可治疗鼠瘘（淋巴结核）。山茱萸、龙骨为其使药，畏葱实，忌丹砂、牡丹、藜芦。）
陶隐居说：秭归属建平郡，现在第一产地是彭城，郁州也有出产。圆形的称为子芩为优，破开的称为宿芩，其腹中皆腐烂，所以名叫腐肠。只选取颜色深且质地坚实者为好。世俗方剂多用，道家不需要。
《唐本草》注解说：叶子细长，两叶相对，呈丛生状，也有独茎的。现在出产于宜州、?州、泾州的为佳。兖州产的虽然大且结实也好，名为豚尾芩。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：黄芩，属臣药，味苦、甘。能治疗热毒，骨蒸潮热（阴虚发热，感觉热自骨内向外透发），寒热往来（忽冷忽热），肠胃不利，破除气机壅滞，治疗五种淋证，使人宣畅，去除关节烦闷，解除热渴，治疗热邪引起的小腹疼痛，心腹坚胀。日华子说：降气，主治天行热疾（流行性热病），疔疮，排脓，治疗乳痈（急性乳腺炎）、发背（背部痈疽）。
《图经》说：黄芩，生于秭归山谷及冤句，现在川蜀、河东、陕西近郡都有出产。苗长一尺多，茎秆粗如筷子，叶子从地面四面呈丛生状，类似紫草，高一尺左右，也有独茎的，叶子细长，青色，两两相对。六月开紫花，根黄色如知母粗细，长四、五寸，二月、八月采根，晒干使用。《吴普本草》说：黄芩又名印头，一名内虚。二月生赤黄色叶子，两两、四四相对，其茎中空，或方或圆，高三、四尺。花紫红赤色，五月结黑色果实，根黄色。二月、九月采集。与现今所见略有不同。张仲景治疗伤寒心下痞满的泻心汤，四方都用黄芩，因为它主治各种热证，通利小肠的缘故。又有太阳病，误下后利止，有葛根黄芩黄连汤，以及主治妊娠安胎的散剂也多用黄芩。现在的医家曾经使用有效，因此记录下来。又《千金方》记载：巴郡太守奏进加减三黄丸，治疗男子五劳七伤（多种慢性虚损性疾病），消渴（糖尿病类症状），不生肌肉，妇人带下，手足寒热者。春三月，黄芩四两，大黄三两，黄连四两；夏三月，黄芩六两，大黄一两，黄连七两；秋三月，黄芩六两，大黄二两，黄连三两；冬三月，黄芩三两，大黄五两，黄连二两。三味药随季节配合捣碎过筛，蜜丸如乌豆大小。米饮送服五丸，每日三次。无效，稍增至七丸，服用一个月病愈。长期服用跑得如奔马般快，近来常有验证。饮食禁忌猪肉。又陶隐居说：黄芩圆形的称为子芩。张仲景治疗杂病的方剂，多用之。《千金翼方》治疗淋证。黄芩四两，装入袋中，用水五升煮取三升，分三次服用。梅师治疗火丹（丹毒）。将黄芩研末，水调敷患处。
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix)
Bitter, neutral to extremely cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats various jaundice caused by heat syndromes (a syndrome characterized by yellowing of the skin, eyes, and urine due to damp-heat stagnation), intestinal dysentery and diarrhea (diarrhea and dysentery caused by damp-heat in the intestines), expels fluid retention, unblocks blood stasis (menstrual obstruction due to blood stasis or fluid-dampness), treats malignant sores, ulcerative carbuncles (sores where toxic pathogens deeply corrode muscles), fire burns, resolves phlegm-heat, clears stomach heat, relieves colic in the lower abdomen, aids digestion of grains, promotes urination through the small intestine, treats amenorrhea in women, dribbling blood in urination or abnormal uterine bleeding, and abdominal pain in children. Also known as Fuchang (Rotting Intestine), Kongchang (Hollow Intestine), Neixu (Internal Deficiency), Huangwen, Jingqin, and Dufu (Jealous Wife). Its seeds (or specific parts) treat pus and blood in the intestines. Grows in Zigui river valleys and Yuanju. Roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade. (When combined with Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), it stops abdominal pain; when combined with Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Mumeng, and Muli (Ostrea Concha), it assists fertility; when combined with Huangbo (Phellodendri Cortex), Bailian (Ampelopsis Radix), and Chixiaodou (Adzuki Bean), it treats scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis). Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus) and Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastii) serve as guiding herbs; it is incompatible with Congshi (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) and fears Dansha (Cinnabaris), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), and Lilü (Veratrum Nigrum).
Tao Hongjing stated: Zigui belongs to Jianping Commandery; currently, the best source is Pengcheng, and Yuzhou also produces it. The round ones are named Ziqin (Seed Scutellaria) and are superior; the broken ones are named Suqin (Old Scutellaria), and their interiors are rotten, hence the name Fuchang. Only those with deep color and solid texture are considered good. Common prescriptions use them frequently, but Daoist practitioners do not require them.
The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: Leaves are slender, opposite, growing in clusters, though some have single stems. Currently, those from Yizhou, ?zhou, and Jingzhou are excellent. Those from Yanzhou are large and solid, also good, named Tunwei Qin (Pig Tail Scutellaria). Chen Yuxi et al. according to *Yaoxing Lun* state: Huangqin is a minister herb, bitter and sweet in taste. It can treat heat toxins, bone-steaming fever (fever feeling as if emanating from the bones due to yin deficiency), alternating chills and fever, gastrointestinal discomfort, breaks up qi stagnation, treats five types of strangury (dysuria), promotes circulation and relief, removes joint irritability, resolves heat-thirst, treats abdominal pain caused by heat, and epigastric/abdominal fullness and hardness. Ri Huazi stated: It directs qi downward, treats epidemic heat diseases, carbuncles, drains pus, and treats mastitis (acute inflammation of breast tissue) and back carbuncles.
*Tujing* states: Huangqin grows in Zigui mountain valleys and Yuanju; currently, it is found in Sichuan, Shu, Hedong, and nearby counties in Shaanxi. The seedlings grow over one chi long, stems are as thick as chopsticks, leaves grow in clusters from all directions at ground level, resembling Zicao (Lithospermi Radix), about one chi high, though some have single stems. Leaves are slender, green, and opposite. Purple flowers bloom in June. Roots are yellow, as thick as Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), four to five cun long. Roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried for use. *Wu Pu Bencao* states: Huangqin is also named Yintou, another name is Neixu. In February, reddish-yellow leaves emerge, arranged in pairs or quads, stems are hollow, square or round, three to four chi high. Flowers are purple-red, fruits turn black in May, roots are yellow. Harvested in February and September. This differs slightly from what exists today. Zhang Zhongjing used Huangqin in all four formulas of Xiexin Tang (Drain the Epigastrium Decoction) for treating epigastric fullness and stuffiness due to cold-heat complex, because it primarily treats various heat syndromes and benefits the small intestine. There is also Ge Gen Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang (Kudzu, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction) for Taiyang disease where diarrhea stops after purgation, and Sanji San (Safety Pregnancy Powder) for maintaining pregnancy during gestation, both of which often use Huangqin. Modern physicians have found it effective, thus recording it. Additionally, *Qianjin Fang* records: The Prefect of Ba Commandery presented Jiajian Sanhuang Wan (Modified Three-Yellow Pill) to treat men suffering from five labors and seven injuries (chronic deficiency syndromes), xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome), failure to build muscle, leukorrhea in women, and alternating cold and heat in hands and feet. In spring months: Huangqin 4 liang, Dahuang 3 liang, Huanglian 4 liang; summer months: Huangqin 6 liang, Dahuang 1 liang, Huanglian 7 liang; autumn months: Huangqin 6 liang, Dahuang 2 liang, Huanglian 3 liang; winter months: Huangqin 3 liang, Dahuang 5 liang, Huanglian 2 liang. These three ingredients are processed together according to the season, pounded, sifted, and formed into honey pills the size of adzuki beans. Take five pills with rice water, three times daily. If ineffective, gradually increase to seven pills. After one month of administration, the disease will be cured. Long-term consumption enables running as fast as a galloping horse; recent cases have verified this. Pork is contraindicated in diet. Tao Hongjing also stated: Round Huangqin is named Ziqin. Zhang Zhongjing used it frequently in formulas for miscellaneous diseases. *Qianjin Yi Fang* treats strangury. Huangqin 4 liang, placed in a bag, boiled in five sheng of water until reduced to three sheng, divided into three doses. Mei Shi treated huodan (erysipelas). Pound Huangqin into powder, mix with water, and apply topically.