（增补）
人之大体为形，形之所充者气。形盛气者夭，（肥白是也。）气盛
形者寿。（修长黑瘦有神者。）形盛为有余，（邪气实也。）消瘦为不足。（正气虚也。）气实形
实，气虚形虚，形盛脉细，少气不足以息者，死；形瘦脉大，胸中多气者，死。形气相得者生，参伍不调
者死。肥人多中风，以形浓气虚，难以周流，气滞痰生，痰则生火，故暴厥也。瘦人
阴虚，血液衰少，相火易亢，故多劳嗽。病患形脱，而气盛者，
死。（盛则喘促狂乱之类，是邪气实也。）形体充大，而皮肤宽缓者，寿。形体充大，而
皮肤紧急者，夭。形气相失，谓之难治。形盛气虚，气盛形虚；形涩而脉滑，形滑而脉涩；形大而脉小；形长
脉短，形短脉长；肥人脉细小轻虚如丝，羸人脉躁者；俱凶。血实气虚则肥，血虚气实则瘦。肥者能寒不
能热，瘦者能热不能寒。髯美而长至胸，阳明血气盛；髯少血气弱；不足则无髯。美髯者太阳多
血。坐而伏者，短气也。行迟者，痹也。坐而下一脚者，腰痛也。里实护腹，如怀卵物者，心痛也。持脉时，
其人欠者，无病也。息摇肩者，心中坚。息引胸中上气者，咳。息张口短气者，肺痿吐沫。掌中寒，腹中寒。
掌中热，气不足，虚火盛。诊时病患叉手摸心，闭目不言，必心虚怔忡。仓廪不藏者，门户不要也。水泉不止
者，膀胱不藏也。头者，精明之府；头倾视深，精神将夺。背者，胸中之府；背曲肩随，府将坏矣。腰者，
肾之府；转摇不能，肾将惫矣。膝者，筋之府；屈伸不能，行将偻附，筋将惫矣。骨者，髓之府；不能久立，行
则振掉，骨将惫矣。
凡诊脉时，病患欠伸者，病诈。阳引而上，阴引而下，阴阳相引，故欠而病诈。及向壁卧，闻师到不惊
起而目 视，若三言三止，脉之咽唾，亦诈病也。其脉本和。当以危言动之，须服吐下药，或针灸数十处
乃愈，以试吓之，得其真情可也。甚有小儿女子，初则诈起，久则病真，以人事纠结相左，其初诈
病之情，则成实病，比比然也，不可不知。
（增补）
人的大体表现为形体，形体所充盛的是气。形体壮盛而气虚的人短命，（如肥胖面白之人。）气机旺盛而形体修长的人长寿。（如身材修长、肤色黑瘦且神采奕奕之人。）形体壮盛属于有余，（指邪气实盛。）形体消瘦属于不足，（指正气虚弱。）气实则形实，气虚则形虚；若形体壮盛但脉象细弱，气息短少不足以呼吸的，主死；形体消瘦但脉象洪大，胸中感觉气多胀满的，主死。形与气相协调的能生存，形气参差错乱不调和的会死亡。肥胖的人容易患中风，因为形体浓浊而气虚，气难以周流全身，导致气滞痰生，痰郁化火，所以会发生突然昏厥。瘦人容易阴虚，血液衰少，相火容易亢盛，所以容易患劳损咳嗽。病人形体脱失，但气机反而亢盛的，主死。（气盛表现为喘促狂乱等，这是邪气实盛的表现。）形体充实壮大，但皮肤松弛宽缓的，主长寿。形体充实壮大，但皮肤紧绷急迫的，主短命。形与气不相适应的，称为难治。形体壮盛而气虚，或气盛而形体虚弱；形体涩滞而脉象滑利，或形体滑利而脉象涩滞；形体大而脉象小；身形长而脉象短，或身形短而脉象长；肥胖的人脉象细小轻虚如丝线，消瘦的人脉象躁动的；都属于凶险之兆。血实气虚则身体肥胖，血虚气实则身体消瘦。肥胖的人耐寒不耐热，瘦的人耐热不耐寒。胡须美观且长至胸部，说明阳明经血气旺盛；胡须稀少说明血气虚弱；血气极度不足则没有胡须。胡须美观的人，太阳经多血。坐着时喜欢俯身向前，是短气的表现。行走迟缓，是痹证的表现。坐着时一只脚垂下，是腰痛的表现。腹部实证患者护住腹部，像怀着蛋一样，是心痛的表现。诊脉时，如果病人打哈欠，说明没有病。呼吸时肩膀摇动，说明心中坚满。呼吸时引动胸中气上逆，是咳嗽。呼吸时张口短气，是肺痿吐沫。手掌心发凉，说明腹中寒。手掌心发热，说明气不足，虚火旺盛。诊察时，如果病人双手交叉按摸心口，闭目不说话，一定是心虚怔忡。仓廪不能藏纳（指二便失禁），是因为门户不固摄。水泉不止（指小便失禁），是膀胱不能藏纳。头，是精明之府；如果头低垂、眼窝深陷，精神将要耗竭。背，是胸中之府；如果背部弯曲、肩膀下垂，胸中之府将要败坏。腰，是肾之府；如果腰部转动困难，肾将要衰竭。膝，是筋之府；如果膝盖屈伸不利，行走佝偻依附，筋将要衰竭。骨，是髓之府；如果不能久站，行走时身体震颤摇晃，骨将要衰竭。
凡是诊脉时，如果病人打哈欠伸懒腰，是装病。阳气牵引向上，阴气牵引向下，阴阳相互牵引，所以打哈欠是装病。以及面向墙壁躺着，听到医生到来不惊起，而是眼神斜视，或者说话断断续续，诊脉时吞咽口水，也是装病。其脉象本来平和。应当用危重的言辞来惊动他，说必须服用吐下药，或者针灸数十处才能痊愈，以此来试探吓唬他，获取他的真情即可。更有甚者，有些小儿女子，起初是装病，时间久了病情变成真的，因为人事纠纷纠结矛盾，起初装病的情况，就变成了真实的疾病，这种情况比比皆是，不可不知道。
(Addendum)
The general appearance of a human is manifested as the Form (Xing), which is filled and sustained by Qi. A person with a robust Form but deficient Qi will have a short life, (such as those who are obese with a fair complexion.) A person with vigorous Qi and a slender Form will live long. (Such as those who are tall, dark-skinned, thin, and possess spiritual vitality.) A robust Form indicates excess, (meaning pathogenic Qi is substantial.) A emaciated Form indicates deficiency, (meaning healthy Qi is weak.) When Qi is substantial, the Form is robust; when Qi is deficient, the Form is frail. If the Form is robust but the pulse is fine, and there is insufficient breath to sustain respiration, death ensues. If the Form is emaciated but the pulse is large, and there is a sensation of excessive Qi in the chest, death ensues. When Form and Qi are harmonious, life is sustained; when they are discordant and irregular, death ensues. Obese individuals are prone to Wind Stroke (Zhong Feng), because their dense Form and deficient Qi hinder the free circulation of Qi, leading to Qi stagnation and Phlegm generation; Phlegm then generates Fire, resulting in sudden syncope. Emaciated individuals tend toward Yin deficiency, with depleted Blood and easy hyperactivity of Ministerial Fire (Xiang Huo), thus they are prone to consumptive coughs. If a patient's Form is wasted away yet Qi appears exuberant, death ensues. (Exuberant Qi manifests as panting or maniacal confusion, indicating substantial pathogenic Qi.) If the Form is full and large, but the skin is loose and lax, longevity is indicated. If the Form is full and large, but the skin is tight and tense, a short life is indicated. When Form and Qi are mismatched, it is termed difficult to treat. Cases such as a robust Form with deficient Qi, or exuberant Qi with a frail Form; a rough Form with a slippery pulse, or a smooth Form with a rough pulse; a large Form with a small pulse; a long stature with a short pulse, or a short stature with a long pulse; an obese person with a pulse that is fine, small, light, and empty like a thread; or an emaciated person with a restless pulse—all are ominous signs. Substantial Blood with deficient Qi leads to obesity; deficient Blood with substantial Qi leads to emaciation. Obese people can tolerate cold but not heat; emaciated people can tolerate heat but not cold. Beautiful beard hair extending to the chest indicates abundant Blood and Qi in the Yangming Channel; sparse beard hair indicates weak Blood and Qi; extreme deficiency results in no beard. Those with beautiful beard hair have abundant Blood in the Taiyang Channel. Sitting while leaning forward indicates Shortness of Breath (Duan Qi). Walking slowly indicates Bi Syndrome (Bi Zheng). Sitting with one leg hanging down indicates Lumbago (Yao Tong). Patients with interior Excess guarding their abdomen, as if holding an egg, indicate Heart Pain (Xin Tong). During pulse diagnosis, if the patient yawns, it indicates no disease. Shoulder movement during respiration indicates firmness in the Heart region. Respiration drawing Qi upward from the chest indicates Cough. Open-mouthed breathing with shortness of breath indicates Lung萎 (Fei Wei) with spitting of foam. Cold palms indicate cold in the abdomen. Hot palms indicate deficient Qi and flourishing Deficient Fire (Xu Huo). During examination, if the patient crosses hands over the heart, closes eyes, and remains silent, it indicates Heart deficiency with palpitations (Zheng Chong). Inability to store contents in the granaries (referring to incontinence) means the gates are not secure. Unceasing flow of water springs (urinary incontinence) indicates the Bladder cannot store. The head is the mansion of clarity and spirit; if the head droops and eye sockets are deep, the spirit is about to be exhausted. The back is the mansion of the chest; if the back is curved and shoulders collapse, the mansion of the chest is failing. The waist is the mansion of the Kidney; if turning and shaking are impossible, the Kidney is about to fail. The knees are the mansion of the sinews; if flexion and extension are impossible, and walking requires stooping or support, the sinews are about to fail. The bones are the mansion of the marrow; if standing for long periods is impossible, and walking causes trembling, the bones are about to fail.
Whenever diagnosing the pulse, if the patient yawns and stretches, it is feigned illness. Yang pulls upward, Yin pulls downward; the mutual pulling of Yin and Yang causes yawning, indicating feigned illness. Also, lying facing the wall, showing no surprise upon hearing the physician's arrival, but instead casting sidelong glances; speaking in halting phrases; or swallowing saliva during pulse taking—are also signs of feigned illness. Their pulse is originally harmonious. One should use alarming words to disturb them, stating that they must take emetic or purgative medicines, or undergo dozens of acupuncture points to recover, thereby testing and frightening them to reveal the truth. Furthermore, among children and women, feigned illness at first may turn into genuine illness over time due to entanglement with worldly affairs and conflicts; the initial state of feigning becomes actual disease, which is common and must be known.