近有以娑罗果治心胃痛甚效。其形如栗，外有粗皮，故俗或名天师栗。此物来自西域，
古方
少用，本草不载，惟近人赵恕轩《本草纲目拾遗》载之，亦仅言治胃痛心疾而已。嗣读《肘
后方》药子一物方，所言形象、制法、主治，一一皆与娑罗果合，且言婆罗门，胡名那疏树
子，是字音正相近矣。其主治于心腹痛外，更治宿食不消，痈疽疔肿，毒箭蛇螫、射工诸毒
入腹，难产及恶露不止、不下，带下，龋齿各证，外敷内服，均无不效。中国谓之药子，去
外粗皮，取中仁，研细末用。《千金方》第九卷，治瘟疫，以药子二枚，研末，水服。是皆
前人之所未考也。娑罗树，今京都西山卧佛寺有之。
世莫不以柴胡为治疟正药者，以小柴胡汤能治寒热往来之证也。予尝深思此方，乃治寒
热往
来之方，非治疟之正方也。《金匮》以此方去半夏，加栝蒌，以治疟发而渴者。又曰∶亦治
劳疟。其大旨可见矣。盖疟之正病，乃寒湿伤于太阳，暑热伤于太阴，二气交争于脊膂膜原
之间而发也，其治宜九味羌活加味。又有瘅疟，经谓阴气独绝，阳气孤行，此暑盛于内，微
寒束于外，津液耗竭而作也，治宜白虎汤加味。二者一寒一热，皆邪盛之正疟也。小柴胡方
中药味，是滋荣以举卫，必荣气不足，卫气内陷，荣卫不和，寒热往来之虚证，始得用之。
人参、甘草、黄芩，以益荣清热；柴胡、半夏，以提卫出荣；姜、枣以两和之。故人之劳倦
伤气，中气内陷，津液耗竭，卫气滞于荣分而不得达者，得之其效如神，故曰治劳疟也。若
近日正疟，皆是寒湿下受，随太阳之经，上入脊膂，内犯心包，暑气上受，入太阴之脏，而
内伏膜原，外再新感微寒，暑气益下，寒气益上，遂交争而病作矣。小柴胡虑其助寒，不可
用也；若用于瘅疟，又嫌其助燥矣。近有见柴胡无效，或病转增剧，不得其故，妄谓用之太
早，引邪入里；又谓升散太过，有伤正气，皆未得柴胡之性者也。《神农本经》柴胡功用，
等
于大黄，是清解之品，其疏散之力甚微，性情当在秦艽、桔梗之间，能泄肝中逆气，清胆中
热气浊气。自唐以前，无用柴胡作散剂者，宋以后乃升、柴并称矣。伤寒邪至少阳，是大气
横结而渐化热矣，故以此兼开兼降之剂缓疏之，岂发散之谓耶?
近来有人用娑罗果治疗心胃痛，效果非常显著。它的形状像栗子，外面有粗糙的皮，所以俗称为天师栗。这种药物来自西域，古代方书中很少使用，本草著作中也没有记载，只有近代赵恕轩在《本草纲目拾遗》中收录了它，但也仅仅提到它能治疗胃痛心痛罢了。后来我读到《肘后备急方》中“药子一物方”，其中描述的形态、制作方法和主治功效，与娑罗果完全吻合，并且文中提到婆罗门语称其为“那疏树子”，这说明字音是相近的。除了治疗心腹痛之外，它还用于治疗宿食不消化、痈疽疔肿、毒箭蛇咬以及射工诸毒侵入腹部、难产及恶露不尽或不下、带下病、龋齿等各种证候，无论是外敷还是内服，没有不有效的。中国称之为药子，去掉外面的粗皮，取中间的仁，研成细末使用。《千金方》第九卷中，治疗瘟疫，用两枚药子研成末，用水送服。这些都是前人未曾考证过的内容。娑罗树，现在京都西山的卧佛寺里有生长。
世人没有不把柴胡当作治疗疟疾的正药，是因为小柴胡汤能治疗寒热往来的证候。我曾经深思这个方剂，发现它是治疗寒热往来的方子，而不是治疗疟疾的正方。《金匮要略》用此方去掉半夏，加入栝蒌，来治疗发作疟疾且口渴的患者。又说：也能治疗劳疟。其中的大意就可见一斑了。大概疟疾的正病，是由于寒湿损伤太阳经，暑热损伤太阴经，这两股邪气交争于脊膂膜原之间而发病，其治疗适宜用九味羌活汤加味。又有瘅疟，医经中说阴气独绝，阳气孤行，这是暑热盛于体内，微寒束缚于体表，津液耗竭而导致的，治疗适宜用白虎汤加味。这两种情况，一寒一热，都是邪气盛实的正疟。小柴胡汤中的药味，作用是滋养营气以扶持卫气，必须是营气不足，卫气内陷，营卫不和，属于寒热往来的虚证，才可以使用。人参、甘草、黄芩，用来补益营气并清除热邪；柴胡、半夏，用来提升卫气使其出于营分；生姜、大枣，用来调和两者。所以人因劳倦损伤正气，中气内陷，津液耗竭，卫气停滞在营分而不能通达的情况，服用此方效果如神，所以说它能治疗劳疟。如果是近日的正疟，多是寒湿从下部受邪，随太阳经上行进入脊膂，内犯心包；暑气从上部受邪，进入太阴脏，潜伏于膜原，外部再感受新的微寒，暑气更加下行，寒气更加上行，于是交争而发病。此时用小柴胡汤担心它会助长寒邪，不可使用；如果用于瘅疟，又嫌弃它会助长燥热。近来有人见到柴胡无效，或者病情反而加重，不明白原因，胡乱说是因为用药太早，引邪入里；又说是升散太过，损伤了正气，这都是没有掌握柴胡药性的人。《神农本草经》中记载柴胡的功效等同于大黄，属于清解类的药物，其疏散的力量很微弱，药性大概在秦艽和桔梗之间，能够宣泄肝中的逆气，清除胆中的热气浊气。自唐代以前，没有用柴胡做散剂的，宋代以后才开始将升麻、柴胡并称。伤寒邪气传入少阳，是大邪横结而逐渐化热，所以用这种兼具开泄和降逆作用的方剂来缓和地疏解它，哪里是发散的意思呢？
Recently, some people have used *Suoluo Guo* (Sapodilla Fruit) to treat heart and stomach pain with great efficacy. Its shape resembles a chestnut, covered by a rough outer skin, hence it is commonly known as *Tianshi Li* (Heavenly Master's Chestnut). This substance originates from the Western Regions; it was rarely used in ancient prescriptions and not recorded in classical Materia Medica texts. Only in recent times did Zhao Shuxuan include it in his *Bencao Gangmu Shiyi* (Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica), yet he merely mentioned its ability to treat gastric pain and severe heartache. Subsequently, I read the "Yaozi Single-Ingredient Prescription" in *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies). The described morphology, preparation method, and therapeutic indications all correspond perfectly with *Suoluo Guo*. Furthermore, the text mentions that in Sanskrit (Brahman language), it is called "Nashu Shuzi," indicating that the phonetic pronunciation is indeed similar. Beyond treating heart and abdominal pain, it is also indicated for indigestion of retained food, carbuncles, sores, furuncles, and swelling, poisoning from venomous arrows or snake bites, various toxins entering the abdomen from "Shegong" (a mythical poisonous creature), difficult labor, persistent or absent lochia, leukorrhea, and dental caries. Whether applied externally or taken internally, it proves effective in all cases. In China, it is called *Yaozi*; the rough outer skin is removed, and the inner kernel is taken, ground into a fine powder, and used. In Volume 9 of *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), for the treatment of plague (*Wenyi*), two *Yaozi* fruits are ground into powder and administered with water. These are all matters previously unexamined by predecessors. The *Suoluo* tree can now be found at the Temple of Sleeping Buddha in the Western Hills of the capital.
The world generally regards *Chaihu* (Bupleuri Radix) as the primary herb for treating malaria because *Xiaochaihu Tang* (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) can treat symptoms of alternating chills and fever. I have deeply contemplated this prescription and concluded that it is a formula for treating alternating chills and fever, not the orthodox formula for treating malaria. *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) uses this formula by removing *Banxia* (Pinelliae Rhizoma) and adding *Gualou* (Trichosanthis Fructus) to treat malaria accompanied by thirst. It further states: "It also treats Lao Malaria" (Consumptive Malaria). The main purport is thus visible. Generally, the typical pathology of malaria involves cold-dampness injuring the Taiyang channel and summerheat-heat injuring the Taiyin organ. These two pathogenic factors contend between the spine, diaphragm, and Membrane Source (*Moyuan*). Treatment should preferably employ *Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang* (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction) with modifications. There is also *Dan Malaria* (Feverish Malaria), which the classics describe as occurring when Yin qi is solitary and extinct, and Yang qi wanders alone. This results from intense summerheat within and slight cold binding the exterior, leading to exhaustion of body fluids. Treatment should preferably employ *Baitu Tang* (White Tiger Decoction) with modifications. These two types, one cold and one hot, represent typical malaria characterized by excess pathogens. The ingredients in *Xiaochaihu Tang* nourish Ying (Nutrient) qi to support Wei (Defensive) qi. It is suitable only for deficiency patterns where Ying qi is insufficient, Wei qi has sunk inward, and there is disharmony between Ying and Wei, manifesting as alternating chills and fever. *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix), *Gancao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and *Huangqin* (Scutellariae Radix) benefit Ying qi and clear heat; *Chaihu* (Bupleuri Radix) and *Banxia* (Pinelliae Rhizoma) lift Wei qi out of the Ying level; *Shengjiang* (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and *Dazao* (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) harmonize both. Therefore, in cases where fatigue and overwork damage Qi, Middle Qi sinks inward, body fluids are exhausted, and Wei qi stagnates in the Ying level without being able to circulate freely, this formula yields miraculous effects. Hence, it is said to treat Consumptive Malaria. However, modern typical malaria usually arises from cold-dampness entering from below, ascending along the Taiyang channel to the spine, and invading the Pericardium internally; while summerheat enters from above, invades the Taiyin organs, and hides in the Membrane Source. Externally, new mild cold is contracted, causing summerheat to sink further and cold to rise further, leading to contention and disease onset. Using *Xiaochaihu Tang* here risks aiding the cold pathogen and is contraindicated; if used for *Dan Malaria*, it is feared to aid dryness. Recently, some have observed that *Chaihu* is ineffective or the condition worsens, failing to understand the reason. They recklessly claim it was used too early, drawing pathogens inward, or that its ascending and dispersing action was too strong, damaging healthy Qi. Both views demonstrate a lack of understanding of the nature of *Chaihu*. According to *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), the function of *Chaihu* is comparable to that of *Dahuang* (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma); it is a clearing and resolving agent, with very weak dispersing power. Its nature lies somewhere between *Qinjiao* (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) and *Jiegeng* (Platycodonis Radix). It can drain rebellious Qi in the Liver and clear hot and turbid Qi in the Gallbladder. Before the Tang Dynasty, no one used *Chaihu* in powder form; it was only after the Song Dynasty that *Shengma* (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and *Chaihu* were frequently mentioned together. When Shaoyang syndrome occurs in Cold Damage diseases, the large pathogenic factor knots transversely and gradually transforms into heat. Therefore, this formula, which combines opening and descending actions, is used to gently disperse it. How could this be considered a dispersing (diaphoretic) method?