《内经·生气通天论》云∶风客淫气精乃亡，邪伤肝也。因而饱食，筋脉横解，肠 为
痔。
盖风气通于肝，而淫气者，阴阳之乱气也。因其相乱，而风客之则伤精，伤精则邪入于肝
矣。
而又饮食自倍，肠胃乃伤，阴阳不和，关膈壅滞，热毒下注，血渗大肠，肠 痔漏，安得以
免。
气虚湿热下注大肠。
一人生附骨疽，脓熟不得泄，溃而入腹，精神昏愦，粥药不食，医皆束手。延余治之，
诊其
脉细如蛛丝，气息奄奄欲绝。余曰∶无伤也，可以铍针刺其腹，脓大泄，然皆清稀，时若
蟹
吐沫，在法为透膜不治。或讥余。余曰∶无伤也，可治，参、 、附子加厥阴行经之药，大
剂饮之
，为制八味丸，丸成服之，食大进，日啖饭升余，约数旬而平。余所以知可治者，溃疡之脉
洪实者死，微细者生。今脉微细，形病相合，知其受补。故云可治也。所以刺其腹者，脓不
泄，必有内攻之患，且按之而知其深，即刺之无苦也。所以信其不透膜，即透膜无损者，无
恶
候也。所以服八味者，八味丸补肾，肾气壮而上升，则胃口开而纳食故大进也。泄浓既多
，刀圭之药，其何得济，迁延迟久，且有他患，故进开胃之药，使多食粱肉以补之，肌乃速
生，此治溃疡之要法也。
古疡医必审经络，明虚实，别脏腑脉候荣卫气血之源，非今之疡医，仅知敷贴，不明经
络脏腑，是庸工也。
《黄帝内经·生气通天论》中说：风邪侵入并扰乱人体正气，导致精气耗损，是因为邪气伤害了肝脏。如果在此基础上又饱食过度，会导致筋脉松弛弛缓，大肠形成痔疮。
大概风气与肝相应，而“淫气”是指阴阳失调的紊乱之气。因为阴阳相互混乱，风邪乘虚而入就会损伤精气，精气受损则邪气进入肝脏。
再加上饮食过量一倍，肠胃就会受伤，阴阳失去和谐，关膈部位壅塞停滞，热毒向下灌注，血液渗入大肠，导致大肠出现痔疮和漏症，怎么能避免呢？
有一个人生了附骨疽（一种深部脓肿），脓液成熟后无法排出，溃破后流入腹腔，患者精神昏沉迷糊，连粥和药都吃不下，医生们都束手无策。请我诊治，我诊察他的脉搏细得像蛛丝一样，气息微弱几乎要断绝。我说：“没有大碍，可以用铍针（古代外科针具）刺入腹部，让脓液大量流出。”结果流出的脓液都很清稀，像螃蟹吐沫一样，按照医法属于穿透腹膜、难以治愈的情况。有人讥笑我。我说：“没有大碍，可以治疗，用人参、[缺失药材]、附子加上进入厥阴经运行的药物，用大剂量服用；另外制作八味丸，丸药制成后让他服用，食欲大大增进，每天能吃下一升多米饭，大约几十天后就痊愈了。我之所以知道可以治疗，是因为溃疡病的脉象如果洪大实有力是死证，脉象微细则是生证。现在脉象微细，形体症状与脉象相符合，说明身体能够承受补益。所以说可以治疗。之所以刺他的腹部，是因为脓液不排出，必然会有内攻脏腑的祸患，而且按压腹部能知道脓液位置很深，所以针刺时病人不会感到痛苦。之所以相信他没有穿透腹膜，或者即使穿透腹膜也没有损害，是因为没有恶性的征候。之所以服用八味丸，是因为八味丸补肾，肾气强壮后向上蒸腾，胃口打开从而进食量大增。脓液既然已经大量排出，单靠少量的汤药怎么能够奏效？拖延时间久了，还会有其他病患，所以使用开胃的药物，使他多吃精细的食物来补养身体，肌肉才能迅速生长，这是治疗溃疡的重要方法。
古代的疡医（外科医生）一定会审察经络，辨明虚实，区分脏腑脉候以及营卫气血的来源，不像现在的疡医，只知道外敷贴膏药，不明白经络脏腑的道理，这是平庸的工匠。”
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), chapter "Shengqi Tongtian Lun" (Discussion on the Communication of Vital Qi with Heaven), states: "When wind pathogens invade and disrupt vital qi, essence is exhausted, as evil damages the Liver." If one eats to fullness under such conditions, the sinews and vessels become lax, leading to hemorrhoids in the intestines.
Wind qi corresponds to the Liver, while "Yin qi" refers to chaotic qi resulting from the disorder of Yin and Yang. Due to this mutual chaos, when wind invades, it damages essence; damaged essence allows evil to enter the Liver.
Furthermore, if food and drink are consumed in excess, the stomach and intestines are injured. Yin and Yang lose harmony, causing obstruction and stagnation at the diaphragm and gates. Heat toxins pour downward, blood seeps into the large intestine, resulting in hemorrhoids and fistulas in the intestines. How can these be avoided? This presents a pattern of Qi deficiency with damp-heat pouring downward into the large intestine.
A patient suffered from *Fuguju* (Bone-abscess). The pus had matured but could not drain; it ulcerated and entered the abdominal cavity. The patient was mentally confused, unable to consume porridge or medicine, and all physicians were at a loss. I was invited to treat him. His pulse was fine as a spider's thread, and his breath was faint, nearly extinguished. I said, "There is no fatal danger. We can use a *Pizhen* (Bich needle) to puncture the abdomen to drain the pus." The pus drained profusely but was clear and thin, resembling crab spit. According to medical principles, penetration of the peritoneum is considered incurable. Some mocked me. I said, "There is no fatal danger; it is treatable." I prescribed a large dose of Ginseng, [missing herb], Aconite, combined with herbs that enter the Jueyin channel to promote circulation. Additionally, I prepared *Bawei Wan* (Eight-Ingredient Pill). After taking the pills, his appetite greatly improved, consuming over a *sheng* (approx. 1 liter) of rice daily. He recovered in about thirty days. My reasoning for deeming it treatable was that in ulcerative diseases, a surging and solid pulse indicates death, whereas a fine and weak pulse indicates life. Here, the pulse was fine and weak, consistent with the physical condition, indicating the body could accept tonification. Hence, I stated it was treatable. I punctured the abdomen because undrained pus would inevitably attack the interior organs; palpation confirmed the depth, ensuring the puncture caused no suffering. I believed the peritoneum was either intact or penetrated without damage because there were no malignant signs. I administered *Bawei Wan* because it tonifies the Kidney; strong Kidney Qi rises, opening the stomach gate and increasing food intake. Since the pus had already drained significantly, small doses of decoction alone would be insufficient. Delaying treatment risks further complications. Therefore, I used appetite-opening medicines to encourage the consumption of rich foods for nourishment, allowing muscles to regenerate quickly. This is a key method for treating ulcers.
Ancient surgeons (*Yangyi*) would carefully examine the meridians, clarify deficiency and excess, distinguish organ pulse patterns, and understand the sources of Ying and Wei Qi and Blood and Qi. They were unlike contemporary surgeons who merely know how to apply external plasters without understanding meridians and organs; such practitioners are mediocre artisans.