（添加）
【荣斋按】本章原作只有瘥后调理法，而不提及病中调护法，在编述方面是脱节，在事实方面是缺点。
须知疾病与调护，为医疗过程中一个重要关键，医药疗效之显著与否？与调护的合理不合理有密切关系。中医文献
记载，因失于调护而造成事故的例子，是不少概见的。例如《冷庐医话》载∶秀水王氏子患身热、咳嗽、由
于不忌风冷和饮食，结果致疹发不透，胸闷气喘而死，这是一个事实。另一方面，譬如感寒病热，服发汗剂，
若病家不善调护，或因覆被太多，致药后大汗淋漓，病反热高；或因服药之后，仍食荤腥油腻，热不得退；
在病家尚以为医生辨证不确，用药失当之故，而不知其症结是在病家之失于调护。
祖国护病学说，在张仲景时代是很讲究的。例如∶服桂枝汤后的“将息”和“禁忌”，经常关心服药
后的病理响应和药理响应等；已具备了护病学的基础。后此各家医书，不重视这个方法，认为它是医疗任务中
的附件，仅列入“保生”“慎疾”一类文本中，缺乏有系统的叙述。现下我把近人关于护病方法的文本摘录
三篇，取其通俗易晓，避免高深的理论，并附入西医护病学若干则，取长补短，以资互相参证。
（甲）毛退之提出四点∶（一）空气宜流通──一日夜须得两三回之换气，但换气时不可使病患感觉有
寒，春秋宜以衣被谨护之，冬季宜 火于炉，以助其温。衣服被褥，常洗晒以使其洁。病体则时以温水毛巾拭之，使
皮肤之呼吸便易。（二）病室──宜整齐、清洁、闲静，最忌乱杂秽物或喧扰。（三）宜保持平衡之体温──
病患手足最易寒冷，则与他部温度不平衡，致妨碍血行。（四）食物宜适量调剂其食欲──病患之食量，必减
于平时，若以不配胃之食物进，则欲减而病增矣。虽然病体之消化力必弱，尤不可以无限制。（录自《中西医话》
卷二）
（乙）顾时雨分三方面说∶（一）饮食方面──1.病中以吃素为宜，尤其是外感病。2.如果病患不要吃的食
物，千万不可勉强。3.病患胃口呆钝不思饮食时，可停止进膳一日或半日。4.病中消化力薄弱，每顿须少吃，
且必择易于消化者。5.因多吃油腻荤腥而患泄泻时，从速停止饮食。6.病中每觉口味不佳，但不可因此而吃各
种不应食的物品。7.病中进食质量宜少，如其不够，宁可次数加多。8.病中食物，以糜粥为最宜。（二）寒暖
方面──1.病患之衣被，须温凉合度，且须择轻软舒适者。2.病患之衣被，要适合时令。3.病室中宜保持适当
温度（摄氏表十六至二十度）过与不及，皆非所宜。（三）精神方面──1.病患须力求精神安定。2.侍疾者须
常以好言安慰病患，尤宜细心留意病情，告知医生，以供参考。3.病患烦闷时，侍疾者可择有趣味之故事或笑
话，讲给病患听，使病患精神上减少痛苦。4.病室内不可人声扰杂，否则容易引起无谓之烦恼。5.家庭琐事，
不可告知病患，以免引起精神上的刺激。（恽铁樵医学月刊第一期）
（丙）陈组光发汗时之摄生──取汗之目标，有一定标准。汗液亡失过多，则有筋惕肉 、亡阳、亡津液、
小便不利，大便干燥之弊。汗液排泄不布（谓局部汗出而不遍布周身也。）则有“病不解”“解不足言”之弊。
故发汗之目标，不求甚多，亦不求其少，求其遍身 然润也。发汗时之摄生，即增加体外温度，以辅助药力
之不足，或摄养体力，使体工恢撤消状；故可分为求汗时，与汗出后二期言之∶（一）求汗时∶1.药汁宜温热
服。2.病室宜增高温率。3.服药后宜温覆被窝，下半身更宜重褥，或熨以热水袋。4.可少与热稀粥，以助药
力。（二）汗出后∶1.宜休养在空气不激烈鼓动的地方。2.静坐或躺卧在围帐里。3.室内保持常温。4.解除求
汗时的生温准备。（按汗后体液亡失，汗腺空疏，体工疏怠，若非休养一二小时，使体工恢撤消状，
最易复病。此一二小时间，为汗后时间，不可疏忽。）（吴兴医药第一期）
（丁）《护病学》摘要──（一）一般热病的护理∶1.绝对卧床休息，应有充足的睡眠，防止一切不必要
的活动。2.多饮开水，每二十四小时至少喝三千毫升，以补充体内水分及促进毒素的排泄。3.体温在三十八
度以下者，每日检查体温二次（上午八时，下午四时）；在三十八度以上者应每日四次（上午六时，十二时，
下午六时，十二时）。4.发热在三十八度以上者，应食软饭；在三十九度以上者应进流质饮食。5.退热时不可
使病患活动，仍应休息，因退热时体力消耗很大，容易疲劳。6.病患在退热时，脉搏、呼吸应该减少，如果反
而增多，即证明是虚脱的象征。（二）伤寒的护理∶1.照一般热病护理。2.绝对安静休息；除去在发热期间应
安静外，在热退后的短时期也要安静，特别在第三第四周更要注意。3.饮食要给予高热量的流质饭，每二小时
一次（但蔗糖或牛奶最好少给或不给，以防在肠内发生气体）。4.时时注意病患的粪便、体温及脉搏，如发现
体温突然降低，或脉搏增高，或大便内有血时；应立即报告医生。并应使病患绝对安静，腹部上冷敷，禁食一二日。
（三）痢疾的护理∶1.照一般热病护理。2.隔离病患。3.静卧休息，以减轻肠蠕动。4.腹部及臀部保温，或用
热水袋放在腹部以减轻疼痛。5.在急性期间，要使病患在床上平卧大便，以使腹壁不用力。6.急性期间，要常
饮开水，每半小时或一刻钟给予一次，直至小便通畅为止。7.饮食∶在急性期可用痢疾第一类饭（流质饭），
待症状减轻后可用第二类饭（半流质饭），直到大便没有粘液及血时，才可进软饭及普通饭。
【荣斋按语】这一章的原文只包含了病愈后的调理方法，而没有提及患病期间的护理与防护，这在编排叙述上显得脱节，在事实层面也是一种缺失。
必须知道，疾病与治疗过程中的护理防护，是医疗过程中的一个重要关键环节。医药疗效是否显著，与护理防护是否合理有着密切的关系。中医文献中记载，因疏于护理防护而导致事故的例子，并不少见。例如《冷庐医话》记载：秀水王氏的儿子患有身体发热、咳嗽的症状，由于没有忌避风寒和饮食禁忌，结果导致疹子发不出来（透发不畅），胸闷气喘而死，这是一个事实案例。另一方面，比如感受寒邪而身体发热，服用发汗剂后，如果病人家属不善于护理防护，或者因为盖被子太多，导致服药后大汗淋漓，病情反而更加高热；或者因为服药之后，仍然食用荤腥油腻的食物，导致热势不能消退；此时病人家属还以为是医生辨证不准确、用药不当的缘故，却不知道症结在于病人家属疏于护理防护。
祖国医学的护病学说，在张仲景时代是很讲究的。例如：服用桂枝汤后的“将息”（调养休息）和“禁忌”，经常关注服药后的病理反应和药理反应等；已经具备了护病学的基础。此后各家的医书，不重视这个方法，认为它是医疗任务中的附件，仅仅列入“保生”“慎疾”一类的文本中，缺乏有系统的叙述。现在我将近代人关于护病方法的文本摘录三篇，取其通俗易懂，避免高深的理论，并附上西医护病学的若干条则，取长补短，以便互相参考验证。
（甲）毛退之提出四点：（一）空气宜流通——一昼夜须进行两三次换气，但在换气时不可让病患感到寒冷，春秋季节应用衣被谨慎保护，冬季应在炉中生火，以助温暖。衣服被褥，常洗晒以保持清洁。病患身体则时常以温水毛巾擦拭，使皮肤的呼吸顺畅。（二）病室——应保持整齐、清洁、安静，最忌讳杂乱污秽之物或喧闹干扰。（三）宜保持平衡的体温——病患的手足最容易寒冷，从而与其他部位温度不平衡，进而妨碍血液循环。（四）食物宜适量调剂其食欲——病患的食量，必然少于平时，如果进食不适合胃口的食物，则会导致食欲减退而病情加重。虽然病患身体的消化力必然减弱，但尤其不可以无限制地减少营养摄入。（录自《中西医话》卷二）
（乙）顾时雨分三方面来说：（一）饮食方面——1. 患病期间以吃素食为宜，尤其是外感病。2. 如果病患不想吃的食物，千万不可勉强进食。3. 病患胃口呆滞、不思饮食时，可停止进餐一日或半日。4. 患病期间消化力薄弱，每顿须少吃，且必须选择易于消化的食物。5. 因多吃油腻荤腥而患腹泻时，应迅速停止饮食。6. 患病期间每觉口味不佳，但不可因此而吃各种不应食用的物品。7. 患病期间进食的质量宜少，如果不够，宁可增加次数。8. 患病期间的食物，以米粥为最适宜。（二）寒暖方面——1. 病患的衣服被褥，须温凉适度，且须选择轻软舒适的材质。2. 病患的衣服被褥，要适合时令季节。3. 病室中宜保持适当温度（摄氏十六至二十度），过冷或过热皆不适宜。（三）精神方面——1. 病患须力求精神安定。2. 侍奉照顾病患的人须常用好言安慰病患，尤其应细心留意病情，告知医生，以供参考。3. 病患烦闷时，侍奉照顾者可选择有趣味的故事或笑话，讲给病患听，使病患精神上减少痛苦。4. 病室内不可有人声嘈杂，否则容易引起无谓的烦恼。5. 家庭琐事，不可告知病患，以免引起精神上的刺激。（恽铁樵医学月刊第一期）
（丙）陈组光论发汗时的摄生——取汗的目标，有一定标准。汗液流失过多，则有筋惕肉瞤（肌肉跳动）、亡阳、亡津液、小便不利、大便干燥的弊端。汗液排泄不均匀（指局部出汗而不遍布周身），则有“病不解”、“解不足言”（病未完全解除）的弊端。所以发汗的目标，不求很多，也不求很少，只求遍身微微湿润即可。发汗时的摄生，即增加体外温度，以辅助药力的不足，或养护体力，使机体功能恢复常态；故可分为求汗时，与汗出后两个时期来说：（一）求汗时：1. 药汁宜温热服用。2. 病室宜提高温度。3. 服药后宜用温热的被子覆盖，下半身更宜加厚褥子，或用热水袋熨烫。4. 可少量饮用热稀粥，以助药力。（二）汗出后：1. 宜休养在空气不剧烈流动的地方。2. 静坐或躺卧在围帐里。3. 室内保持常温。4. 解除求汗时的生温准备。（按：汗后体液流失，汗腺空疏，机体功能懈怠，若非休养一二小时，使机体功能恢复常态，最容易复发疾病。这一二小时间，为汗后时间，不可疏忽。）（吴兴医药第一期）
（丁）《护病学》摘要——（一）一般热病的护理：1. 绝对卧床休息，应有充足的睡眠，防止一切不必要的活动。2. 多饮开水，每二十四小时至少喝三千毫升，以补充体内水分及促进毒素的排泄。3. 体温在三十八度以下者，每日检查体温二次（上午八时，下午四时）；在三十八度以上者应每日四次（上午六时，十二时，下午六时，十二时）。4. 发热在三十八度以上者，应食软饭；在三十九度以上者应进流质饮食。5. 退热时不可使病患活动，仍应休息，因退热时体力消耗很大，容易疲劳。6. 病患在退热时，脉搏、呼吸应该减少，如果反而增多，即证明是虚脱的象征。（二）伤寒的护理：1. 照一般热病护理。2. 绝对安静休息；除去在发热期间应安静外，在热退后的短时期也要安静，特别在第三第四周更要注意。3. 饮食要给予高热量的流质饭，每二小时一次（但蔗糖或牛奶最好少给或不给，以防在肠内发生气体）。4. 时时注意病患的粪便、体温及脉搏，如发现体温突然降低，或脉搏增高，或大便内有血时；应立即报告医生。并应使病患绝对安静，腹部上冷敷，禁食一二日。（三）痢疾的护理：1. 照一般热病护理。2. 隔离病患。3. 静卧休息，以减轻肠蠕动。4. 腹部及臀部保温，或用热水袋放在腹部以减轻疼痛。5. 在急性期间，要使病患在床上平卧大便，以使腹壁不用力。6. 急性期间，要常饮开水，每半小时或一刻钟给予一次，直至小便通畅为止。7. 饮食：在急性期可用痢疾第一类饭（流质饭），待症状减轻后可用第二类饭（半流质饭），直到大便没有粘液及血时，才可进软饭及普通饭。
[Editor Rongzhai's Note] The original text of this chapter only contained methods for post-illness conditioning, without mentioning care and protection during the illness. This is a disconnect in compilation and narration, and a deficiency in factual aspects.
It must be understood that disease management and nursing care are a crucial key link in the medical process. Whether the efficacy of medicine and treatment is significant is closely related to whether the nursing care is reasonable. There are quite a few examples recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) literature where accidents occurred due to neglect of nursing care. For instance, *Lenglu Yihua* records: The son of Mr. Wang from Xiushui suffered from fever and cough. Due to failing to avoid wind-cold and dietary taboos, the rash failed to erupt fully, leading to chest tightness, wheezing, and death. This is a factual case. On the other hand, for example, when suffering from cold-induced fever and taking diaphoretic agents, if the patient's family fails to provide proper care, or if too many blankets are used, causing profuse sweating after medication, the condition may反而 worsen with higher fever; or if, after taking medication, one still consumes meat and greasy foods, the heat cannot subside. At this time, the patient's family may still think it is due to the doctor's inaccurate syndrome differentiation and inappropriate medication, not realizing that the crux lies in the patient's family's neglect of nursing care.
The TCM theory of nursing was highly emphasized during the time of Zhang Zhongjing. For example, the "regimen" (Yangxi, adjusting rest and diet) and "taboos" after taking Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), frequently paying attention to pathological and pharmacological responses after medication, already laid the foundation for nursing science. Later medical books did not value this method, considering it an attachment to the medical task, merely listing it under texts like "Preserving Life" and "Being Cautious About Illness," lacking systematic narration. Now, I have excerpted three texts on nursing methods by modern scholars, selecting those that are easy to understand, avoiding profound theories, and attaching several items from Western nursing science, to complement each other's strengths and facilitate mutual reference and verification.
(A) Mao Tuizhi proposed four points: (1) Air should be ventilated—ventilation should occur two to three times a day and night, but patients should not feel cold during ventilation. In spring and autumn, clothes and blankets should be used carefully for protection; in winter, fire should be kept in the stove to assist warmth. Clothes and bedding should be washed and sunned regularly to keep them clean. The patient's body should be wiped with warm water towels from time to time to facilitate skin respiration. (2) Patient's room—should be tidy, clean, and quiet, strictly avoiding clutter, filth, or noise. (3) Balanced body temperature should be maintained—the patient's hands and feet are most prone to coldness, leading to temperature imbalance with other parts, thereby hindering blood circulation. (4) Food intake should adjust appetite appropriately—the patient's food intake will inevitably be less than usual. If food unsuitable for the stomach is consumed, appetite will decrease while the illness worsens. Although the patient's digestive power is necessarily weak, nutritional intake should not be restricted indefinitely. (Excerpted from *Zhong Xi Yi Hua*, Vol. 2)
(B) Gu Shiyu discussed three aspects: (1) Diet—1. A vegetarian diet is suitable during illness, especially for exogenous diseases. 2. If the patient does not want to eat certain foods, do not force them. 3. When the patient's stomach feels sluggish and lacks appetite, fasting for one day or half a day can be considered. 4. Digestive power is weak during illness; meals should be small and easily digestible. 5. If diarrhea occurs due to excessive consumption of greasy or meaty foods, stop eating immediately. 6. Even if taste is poor during illness, do not consume inappropriate items. 7. Food quantity per meal should be small; if insufficient, increase frequency instead. 8. Porridge is the most suitable food during illness. (2) Temperature regulation—1. Patients' clothes and bedding should be moderately warm or cool, light, soft, and comfortable. 2. Clothes and bedding should suit the season. 3. The patient's room should maintain an appropriate temperature (16–20°C); both extremes are unsuitable. (3) Mental state—1. Patients should strive for mental peace. 2. Caregivers should comfort patients with kind words, carefully observe the condition, and inform the doctor for reference. 3. When patients are irritable, caregivers can tell interesting stories or jokes to reduce mental suffering. 4. No noisy voices in the patient's room to avoid unnecessary distress. 5. Family trivialities should not be told to patients to avoid mental stimulation. (From the first issue of Yun Tieqiao Medical Monthly)
(C) Chen Zuguang on regimen during diaphoresis (sweating therapy)—The goal of inducing sweat has specific standards. Excessive loss of sweat leads to muscle twitching (Jingtirourun), Yang collapse, fluid depletion, difficulty in urination, and dry stool. Uneven distribution of sweat (local sweating without covering the whole body) leads to "illness not resolved" or "incomplete resolution." Therefore, the goal of diaphoresis is neither too much nor too little, but rather uniform, mild moistening of the entire body. Regimen during diaphoresis involves increasing external temperature to supplement insufficient medicinal power or nurturing physical strength to restore bodily functions; thus, it can be divided into two phases: seeking sweat and post-sweat. (1) Seeking sweat phase: 1. Medicinal decoction should be taken warm. 2. Room temperature should be increased. 3. After taking medicine, cover warmly with blankets; the lower body should have extra thick quilts or hot water bottles. 4. Drink small amounts of hot thin porridge to assist medicinal power. (2) Post-sweat phase: 1. Rest in a place with gentle air movement. 2. Sit quietly or lie down within curtains. 3. Maintain normal room temperature. 4. Remove preparations for generating heat. (Note: After sweating, body fluids are lost, pores are open, and bodily functions are slack. Without resting for one to two hours to restore function, relapse is likely. This one-to-two-hour period post-sweat must not be neglected.) (From Wuxing Medicine, First Issue)
(D) Summary of *Nursing Science*—(1) Nursing for general febrile diseases: 1. Absolute bed rest with sufficient sleep, preventing all unnecessary activity. 2. Drink plenty of boiled water, at least 3000 ml per 24 hours, to replenish body fluids and promote toxin excretion. 3. Check temperature twice daily (8 AM, 4 PM) if below 38°C; four times daily (6 AM, 12 PM, 6 PM, 12 AM) if above 38°C. 4. Eat soft food if fever is above 38°C; liquid diet if above 39°C. 5. Do not allow activity during defervescence; rest is necessary as physical strength consumption is high and fatigue is likely. 6. During defervescence, pulse and respiration should decrease; if they increase instead, it indicates signs of collapse. (2) Nursing for Shanghan (Cold Damage): 1. Follow general febrile disease nursing. 2. Absolute quiet rest; besides being quiet during fever, remain quiet for a short period after fever subsides, paying special attention in the third and fourth weeks. 3. Provide high-calorie liquid diet every two hours (preferably minimizing sugar or milk to prevent gas formation in the intestines). 4. Constantly monitor stool, temperature, and pulse. If temperature drops suddenly, pulse increases, or blood appears in stool, report to the doctor immediately. Keep the patient absolutely quiet, apply cold compresses to the abdomen, and fast for one to two days. (3) Nursing for Dysentery: 1. Follow general febrile disease nursing. 2. Isolate the patient. 3. Lie quietly to reduce intestinal peristalsis. 4. Keep abdomen and buttocks warm, or use a hot water bottle on the abdomen to relieve pain. 5. During the acute phase, have the patient defecate lying flat in bed to avoid straining abdominal muscles. 6. During the acute phase, drink boiled water frequently, once every half hour or quarter hour, until urination becomes smooth. 7. Diet: Use Dysentery Type 1 diet (liquid) during the acute phase; switch to Type 2 diet (semi-liquid) when symptoms alleviate; only resume soft and regular food when stool no longer contains mucus and blood.