内经云。治病必求于本。言求其受病之本因也。有本因。斯有本证。如伤风恶风。
伤寒恶寒。伤热恶热。伤食恶食之类。病轻者无传变。重者多传变。谓之变证。其证有
五。条治于后。
（一名冒寒。通称四时感冒。如冒风感寒之类。皆属此病。）
【因】四时偶感寒气。或因贪凉冒风。
【证】肌肤紧缩。皮毛粟起。头痛怕风。鼻塞声重。频打喷嚏。清涕时流。身不发热
。故无传变。舌如平人。苔或白薄而润。
【脉】右浮。左弦而缓。浮则为风。弦而缓。则为受风中之凉。此即偶尔冒寒之小
疾。但袭皮毛。不入经络之病。俗称小伤寒是也。四时皆有。吾绍颇多。
【治】内经云。善治者。治皮毛。又曰。因其轻而扬之。宜以辛散轻扬法。疏达皮
毛。葱白香豉汤主之。
鲜葱白 五枚（切碎） 淡豆豉（三钱） 鲜生姜（一钱，去皮）
上药用水碗半。煎成一碗。去渣热服。覆被而卧。俄顷即微微汗出而解。忌酸冷油
腻数日。自无传变。
【秀按】此例。创自元丹溪翁。继起者明王氏肯堂。今则惟俞君根初矣。宜古宜今
。简要不繁。后学当奉为
圭臬。案语以文言道俗。罗罗清疏。方则出自外台秘要。最切时用。
【廉勘】四时猝然感冒者。为小伤寒。叶氏云。当视其寒暄。或用辛温。或用辛凉
。要在适中。惟照此立案开方。最为简要。吾侪可作立方程序。临床医典。不必趋异求
新。
【荣斋按】此所谓“小伤寒”，其实就是普通感冒症。既然身不发热，似乎不能称
做伤寒？不过，摆在眼前的虽是“小病”，但也可能发展到“大病”。所以何廉臣先生
在全国名医验案类编中曾提出∶“冒风，即鼻伤风也。病患每视为微疾，多不服药，不
避风寒，不慎饮食；必至咳逆痰多，胸闷胃钝，或身发热，而成肺病”。防患未然，提
高警惕，是作者引起人们重视“普通感冒”的一个提示！因而把它称作“小伤寒”。又
此症用程钟龄止嗽散（桔梗、荆芥、紫菀、百部、白前各八钱，陈皮四钱，甘草三钱；
共研细末，每用三钱，开水送下，一日二三次。）极有疗效。据叶橘泉丹方会报第十五
期王聘贤实验报告说∶“鄙人用此方研细末于临卧时用姜、葱汤送下，大有殊功。且昼
服不如夜服（盖被睡眠）之功效来得可靠。近来施用治愈者，指不胜屈；有一服即愈者
，最多两三服必全愈。”
又按∶这里所订病历（因、证、脉、治四项），在当时确是一个合理化的处方程序
。不过，它说脉部分，多数引用经文以印证脉象，各篇一律，仿佛从前的注疏文本，但
求合式，不考虑到应用方面；以这样注疏模式来解说脉象，是否可能反映出当前病情？
是否可能推断出过去病因？我认为多少存在着一些问题。但是，这问题是可以解决的∶
我们只要能够理解贯串整个脉象的内部的东西，即那个主导脉搏的动力；懂得了脉的原
理，脉的形象，脉的主病，然后以脉理来推勘病理，以病理来印证病状，进一步再以脉
象来判断病情；我们的认识，就可以从感性阶段发展到理性阶段。如果仅凭脉象来判断
病情，而忽略了病理和脉理的连贯性，“那就成了无源之水，无本之木，而只是主观自
生的靠不住的东西了。”（引实践论原文）。下面各节脉象记录，我们都应该以
明确的理智去运用它，否则是不能贯彻到实际任务中去的。特述于此，以概其余。
《黄帝内经》说：治病必须探求根本。意思是探寻导致疾病的原始原因。有了根本原因，才会有相应的本证。例如伤风怕风，伤寒怕冷，伤热怕热，伤食厌食等。病情轻的不会发生传变，病情重的多会发生传变，这称为变证。其证候有五种，在后文中逐一论述。
（一名冒寒。通称四时感冒。如冒风感寒之类，都属于此病。）
【病因】四季偶然感受寒气。或者因为贪凉而迎风受寒。
【症状】肌肤紧缩，毛孔竖起如鸡皮疙瘩。头痛怕风，鼻塞声音沉重，频繁打喷嚏，清鼻涕不时流出。身体不发热。因此没有传变。舌象与常人无异，舌苔或白薄而湿润。
【脉象】右手脉浮，左手脉弦而缓。浮则代表风邪，弦而缓则代表受了风中的凉气。这就是偶尔冒寒的小疾，仅仅侵袭皮毛，未进入经络的疾病。俗称小伤寒。四季都有，我们在绍兴地区较多见。
【治法】《黄帝内经》说：善于治疗的人，在皮毛阶段就进行治疗。又说：因为病势轻浅，要用轻扬发散的方法。适宜采用辛散轻扬法，疏达皮毛。主方用葱白香豉汤。
鲜葱白 五枚（切碎） 淡豆豉（三钱） 鲜生姜（一钱，去皮）
以上药物用水一碗半，煎煮成一碗，去渣后热服。盖被躺下休息，不久就会微微出汗而痊愈。忌食酸、冷、油腻食物数日，自然就不会发生传变。
【秀按语】这个案例，首创于元代丹溪翁，后继者有明代王氏肯堂，如今只有俞君根初了。宜古宜今，简要不繁琐。后学者应当奉为准则。案语以文言叙述，通俗易懂，条理清晰。方剂出自《外台秘要》，最切合当时应用。
【廉勘语】四季突然感冒的，称为小伤寒。叶氏说：应当视气候的寒暖，或用辛温药，或用辛凉药，关键在于适中。只要按照这个立案开方，最为简要。我们可以将其作为立方程序，临床医典，不必追求怪异新奇。
【荣斋按语】这就是所谓的“小伤寒”，其实就是普通感冒症。既然身体不发热，似乎不能称作伤寒？不过，摆在眼前的虽是“小病”，但也可能发展到“大病”。所以何廉臣先生在全国名医验案类编中曾提出：“冒风，即鼻伤风也。病患往往视为微疾，多不服药，不避风寒，不慎饮食；必至咳逆痰多，胸闷胃钝，或身发热，而成肺病”。防患于未然，提高警惕，是作者引起人们重视“普通感冒”的一个提示！因而把它称作“小伤寒”。另外，此症使用程钟龄止嗽散（桔梗、荆芥、紫菀、百部、白前各八钱，陈皮四钱，甘草三钱；共研细末，每用三钱，开水送下，一日二三次。）极有疗效。据叶橘泉《丹方会报》第十五期王聘贤实验报告说：“我用此方研细末，在临睡前用姜、葱汤送下，大有奇效。而且白天服用不如夜间服用（盖被睡眠）的功效来得可靠。近来施用治愈者，数不胜数；有一服即愈的，最多两三服必定全愈。”
又按：这里所订立的病历格式（因、证、脉、治四项），在当时确实是一个合理化的处方程序。不过，它说脉部分，多数引用经文以印证脉象，各篇一律，仿佛从前的注疏文本，只求合式，不考虑实际应用方面；以这样注疏模式来解说脉象，是否可能反映出当前病情？是否可能推断出过去病因？我认为多少存在着一些问题。但是，这问题是可以解决的：我们只要能够理解贯穿整个脉象内部的东西，即那个主导脉搏的动力；懂得了脉的原理，脉的形象，脉的主病，然后以脉理来推勘病理，以病理来印证病状，进一步再以脉象来判断病情；我们的认识，就可以从感性阶段发展到理性阶段。如果仅凭脉象来判断病情，而忽略了病理和脉理的连贯性，“那就成了无源之水，无本之木，而只是主观自生的靠不住的东西了。”（引《实践论》原文）。下面各节脉象记录，我们都应该以明确的理智去运用它，否则是不能贯彻到实际任务中去的。特述于此，以概其余。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "In treating diseases, one must seek the root." This means to investigate the primary cause of the disease. With a primary cause, there arises a corresponding fundamental syndrome. For example, wind injury involves aversion to wind; cold injury involves aversion to cold; heat injury involves aversion to heat; food stagnation involves aversion to food, and so on. When the illness is mild, it does not transmit; when severe, it often transmits. This is called a transformed syndrome. There are five such syndromes, which are discussed item by item below.
(Also known as Mao Han [Encountering Cold]. Commonly referred to as seasonal common cold. Conditions such as encountering wind or feeling cold belong to this category.)
[Etiology] Accidental exposure to cold qi in the four seasons. Or due to seeking coolness and exposing oneself to the wind.
[Symptoms] Skin and muscles tighten, hair follicles rise like gooseflesh. Headache, aversion to wind, nasal congestion with heavy voice, frequent sneezing, clear runny nose. The body does not have fever. Therefore, there is no transmission. The tongue appearance is normal, with a coating that may be white, thin, and moist.
[Pulse] The right pulse is floating (Fu), while the left pulse is wiry (Xian) and slow (Huan). Floating indicates wind; wiry and slow indicate contracting the chill within the wind. This is a minor ailment from occasional cold exposure, attacking only the skin and hair pores without entering the meridians. It is commonly known as Xiao Shanghan (Minor Cold Damage). It occurs in all seasons and is quite prevalent in our region of Shaoxing.
[Treatment] The *Huangdi Neijing* states: "A skilled healer treats at the level of the skin and hair pores." It also says: "Because the pathogen is light and superficial, use dispersing methods." One should employ acrid-dispersing and light-yang methods to vent the skin and hair pores. The principal formula is Congbai Xiangchi Tang (Scallion White and Fermented Soybean Decoction).
Fresh Scallion White (Congbai) - 5 stalks (chopped)
Lightly Fermented Soybeans (Danchi) - 3 qian
Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) - 1 qian (peeled)
Add one and a half bowls of water to the above herbs, decoct until one bowl remains, strain, and take hot. Cover with blankets and rest. Soon, slight sweating will occur, resolving the condition. Avoid sour, cold, and greasy foods for several days to prevent transmission naturally.
[Commentary by Xiu] This case was pioneered by Master Danxi of the Yuan Dynasty, followed by Wang Kentang of the Ming Dynasty, and now only by Mr. Genchu Yu. It suits both ancient and modern contexts, being concise and not cumbersome. Students should regard it as a standard. The commentary uses classical Chinese yet remains accessible and clear. The formula is derived from the *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies), fitting current applications best.
[Review by Lian] Sudden cold damage in the four seasons is called Xiao Shanghan. Master Ye stated: One should observe whether the weather is cold or warm, using either acrid-warm or acrid-cool methods, aiming for appropriateness. Following this pattern for diagnosis and prescription is the most concise approach. We can adopt this as a procedural guide for formulating prescriptions and a clinical medical canon, without pursuing novelty or eccentricity.
[Note by Rongzhai] What is called "Xiao Shanghan" here is essentially the common cold syndrome. Since there is no fever, it might seem inappropriate to call it Shanghan (Cold Damage). However, although what lies before us is a "minor illness," it can develop into a "major illness." Therefore, Mr. He Lianchen proposed in *Compilation of Verified Cases by Famous Doctors Nationwide*: "Mao Feng (Encountering Wind) is rhinitis caused by wind. Patients often regard it as a trivial ailment, frequently refusing medication, failing to avoid wind and cold, and neglecting dietary caution; inevitably leading to coughing, excessive phlegm, chest tightness, gastric dullness, or fever, resulting in lung disease." Preventing trouble before it happens and raising vigilance are hints from the author to draw attention to the "common cold," hence naming it "Xiao Shanghan." Furthermore, this condition responds excellently to Cheng Zhongling's Zhisou San (Stop Cough Powder) (Jiegeng, Jingjie, Ziwan, Bubu, Baiqian each 8 qian; Chenpi 4 qian; Gancao 3 qian; ground into fine powder, take 3 qian with boiled water, two to three times daily). According to an experimental report by Wang Pinxian in the 15th issue of *Danfang Huibao* edited by Ye Juquan: "I used this powder taken with ginger and scallion soup before sleep, achieving remarkable results. Moreover, night administration (while covered and sleeping) is more reliable than daytime administration. Recently, those cured by its application are too numerous to mention; some were cured after one dose, and at most after two or three doses, full recovery occurred."
Another Note: The medical record format established here (Etiology, Symptoms, Pulse, Treatment) was indeed a rationalized prescription procedure at that time. However, regarding the pulse section, it mostly cites classic texts to verify pulse qualities, uniform across chapters, resembling traditional commentaries, focusing on conformity rather than practical application. Using such a commentary model to explain pulse qualities—can it truly reflect the current condition? Can it infer past causes? I believe there are some issues. However, this problem is solvable: As long as we understand the internal essence running through the entire pulse, i.e., the driving force dominating the pulse; grasping the principles of the pulse, its image, and its associated diseases, then using pulse theory to deduce pathology, verifying pathology with symptoms, and further judging the condition via pulse signs; our understanding can advance from the perceptual stage to the rational stage. If one judges the condition solely based on pulse signs while ignoring the continuity between pathology and pulse theory, "it becomes water without a source and wood without roots, merely unreliable subjective fabrication" (quoting *On Practice*). For the pulse records in the following sections, we must apply them with clear rationality; otherwise, they cannot be implemented in practical tasks. This is stated here to illustrate the principle for the rest.