百病不外六经。正治不外六法。按经审证。对证立方。六法为君。十法为佐。治寒伤已无余蕴。虽然。病变不常。气血
有素。穷不常之病变。须门门透彻。葆有素之气血。要息息通灵。斯可言医治之方药矣。姑详述之。
【秀按】后汉张仲景着《伤寒杂病论》。传一百一十三方。方方皆古。立三百九十七法。法法遵经。又以六经钤
百病。为不易之定法。以此病例彼病。为启悟之捷法。故历代名贤。奉为正宗。正宗则诚正宗矣。然就余临证
经验。尚不敷用者。以其间兼证、夹证、变证、坏证。证证不同。还须旁采耳。余临证时。凡遇纯实证。每参
以张子和法。纯虚证。每参以张景岳法。实中夹虚证。虚中夹实证。每参以张石顽法。庶几搏采众法。法法不
离古人。而实未尝执古人之成法也。
【廉勘】张长沙着《伤寒杂病论》一书。集汉以前之大成。至宋始分《伤寒论》《金匮要略》两书。元张子和。
专着《儒门
事亲》一书。明张景岳。着有《类经全书》及《质疑录》三种。前清国初张路玉。着有《千金方衍义》、《医通》
两书。皆博古通
今。可法可传之良书。先祖虽服膺四张。而景岳路玉之书。尤喜研求。故内伤杂证。较为专长。盖因当时会
诊。与城中金士哦。下方桥陈念义两前哲居多。故崇拜明清二张。良有以也。余则师事樊师开周。专从叶法。
凡类于叶法者。靡不讲求而研究之。噫、祖书徒读。愧守箕裘。医术歧趋。悲深风木。想先祖有灵。应亦责我
背道而驰乎。
【荣斋按】本章分六节∶（一）发汗剂，（二）和解剂，（三）攻下剂，（四）温热剂，（五）清凉剂，（六）滋补剂。
原书滋补剂列第五，清凉剂列第六；根据张介宾伤寒约法，是∶“汗”“吐”“下”“温”“清”“补”，俞
氏为了符合实际应用，把吐法改作和法。但六法顺序（不是使用时的程序），先清后补，是无庸置疑的；今把
它转易过来，其中“汗法”是使病毒从汗腺排泄以出，“下法”是使病毒从大便排泄以出；这两法，均以排除
疾病之毒素，为处方要旨。“温法”为维持机体细胞之消沉，“清法”为遏止体温之亢进，这两法，乃对证治
疗，不是以去病为目标的。“和法”是使机体内部得到协调，而加强汗、下、温、清、补的疗效。“补法”可
分两种∶一为滋阴，凡能调节循环，供给造血原料，促进养化机能，或能增加身体营养成分，味浓而无刺激
性、芳香性者，为今之滋养强壮剂；一为回阳∶凡能兴起机能之衰惫，活泼神经，恢复机体各部正常生活力
者，为今之兴奋强壮剂。这正治六法，俞氏暗合六经。至于“佐治十法”，散见于本书各节治法中，所谓∶“按
经审证，对证立方。”不局限于十法之范围，自包涵着∶宣、通、补、泻、滑、涩、燥、湿、寒、热的十剂。
程钟龄医门八法──汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消，颇能守其常，通其变，指示我们以灵活运用的法则，
兹特附录于本章各节方剂之后，以作参考。
百病不出六经的范围。正治之法不外乎六种。按照经络审查证候，针对证候确立方剂。六法为主，十法为辅。治疗寒邪伤人的疾病已无遗漏之处。虽然如此，病变变化无常，气血禀赋各有不同。要穷尽那些不常有的病变，必须对每一门病理透彻理解；要保养原本的气血，要使气息时刻通畅灵动。这样才可以谈论医治的方药了。姑且详细叙述它。
【秀按】后汉张仲景撰写《伤寒杂病论》，流传下来一百一十三首方剂，每首方剂都是古方，确立了三百九十七种治法，每种治法都遵循经典。他又用六经来统摄百病，这是不可改变的定法。以此病例彼病，是启发领悟的捷径。所以历代名医贤士，奉其为正宗。正宗确实是正宗了。然而就我临证的经验来看，尚不够用的，因为其中有兼证、夹证、变证、坏证，各种证候各不相同，还需要旁采众长。我临证时，凡是遇到纯实证，每每参酌张子和的治法；纯虚证，每每参酌张景岳的治法；实中夹虚证、虚中夹实证，每每参酌张石顽的治法。这样才能广泛采纳各家之法，每种方法都不脱离古人，但实际上从未拘泥于古人的成法。
【廉勘】张长沙（指张仲景）撰写《伤寒杂病论》一书，集汉代以前医学之大成，到了宋代才分为《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》两书。元代张子和专门撰写《儒门事亲》一书。明代张景岳著有《类经全书》及《质疑录》三种。前清初年张路玉（即张石顽），著有《千金方衍义》、《医通》两书，都是博古通今、值得效法传承的好书。先祖虽然推崇这四位姓张的名家，但对于张景岳和张路玉的书籍，尤其喜欢研究探究。所以对于内伤杂病，较为专长。大概因为当时会诊，多与城中的金士哦、下方桥的陈念义两位前辈交流，所以崇拜明清两代的张姓医家，是有原因的。我则拜师樊开周先生，专门研习叶天士的治法。凡是属于叶氏治法的，没有不讲究研究的。唉！祖先的书徒然阅读，惭愧未能守住家传医术。医术走向分歧，令人悲伤如风木之悲。想先祖若有灵，应该也会责备我背道而驰吧。
【荣斋按】本章分为六节：（一）发汗剂，（二）和解剂，（三）攻下剂，（四）温热剂，（五）清凉剂，（六）滋补剂。原书中滋补剂列在第五，清凉剂列在第六；根据张介宾（张景岳）的伤寒约法，是：“汗”“吐”“下”“温”“清”“补”，俞氏为了符合实际应用，把吐法改作和法。但六法的顺序（不是使用时的程序），先清后补，是无庸置疑的；现在把它转换过来，其中“汗法”是使病毒从汗腺排泄排出，“下法”是使病毒从大便排泄排出；这两法，都以排除疾病的毒素为处方主旨。“温法”是维持机体细胞的消沉状态，“清法”是遏止体温的亢进，这两法，是对证治疗，不是以去病为目标的。“和法”是使机体内部得到协调，从而加强汗、下、温、清、补的疗效。“补法”可分为两种：一为滋阴，凡能调节循环，供给造血原料，促进氧化机能，或能增加身体营养成分，味浓而无刺激性、芳香性的，为现代的滋养强壮剂；一为回阳：凡能兴起机能的衰惫，活泼神经，恢复机体各部正常生活力的，为现代的兴奋强壮剂。这正治六法，俞氏暗中契合六经。至于“佐治十法”，散见于本书各节治法中，所谓：“按经审证，对证立方。”不局限于十法的范围，自包涵着宣、通、补、泻、滑、涩、燥、湿、寒、热的十剂。程钟龄的医门八法──汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消，颇能守其常，通其变，指示我们以灵活运用的法则，兹特附录于本章各节方剂之后，以作参考。
All diseases fall within the scope of the Six Channels (Taiyang, Yangming, Shaoyang, Taiyin, Shaoyin, Jueyin). The standard treatments do not exceed the Six Methods. By examining symptoms according to the channels and establishing formulas based on the syndromes, the Six Methods serve as the principal approach, while the Ten Methods act as auxiliary measures. In this way, the treatment of cold-induced injuries is thoroughly covered. Nevertheless, pathological changes are unpredictable, and individuals have inherent differences in their Qi and Blood constitution. To fully comprehend these unpredictable pathological changes, one must penetrate every aspect of pathology; to preserve the inherent Qi and Blood, one's vital energy must be kept continuously agile and responsive. Only then can one discuss the methods and medicines for healing. I shall now elaborate on this.
[Commentary by Xiu] Zhang Zhongjing of the Later Han Dynasty authored the *Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases* (*Shanghan Zabing Lun*), transmitting 113 prescriptions, all ancient formulas, and established 397 therapeutic principles, each adhering strictly to the classics. He further used the Six Channels to categorize all diseases, which constitutes an unchangeable definitive method. Using one case to illuminate another serves as a swift method for enlightenment. Therefore, famous sages of successive generations have revered it as the orthodox lineage. While it is indeed orthodox, in my clinical experience, it is still insufficient because there are concurrent syndromes, combined syndromes, transformed syndromes, and damaged syndromes, each differing from the others; thus, one must draw upon diverse sources. When treating pure excess syndromes, I often incorporate the methods of Zhang Zihe; for pure deficiency syndromes, I often incorporate the methods of Zhang Jingyue; for cases where excess contains deficiency or deficiency contains excess, I often incorporate the methods of Zhang Shiwang. This allows me to collect widely from various methods, ensuring that no method departs from the ancients, yet without rigidly adhering to their fixed prescriptions.
[Commentary by Lian] Zhang Changsha (referring to Zhang Zhongjing) authored the *Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases*, synthesizing the achievements of medicine prior to the Han Dynasty. It was only during the Song Dynasty that it was divided into two books: the *Treatise on Cold Damage* (*Shanghan Lun*) and the *Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket* (*Jingui Yaolue*). In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Zihe specialized in authoring the *Intimate Advice for the People* (*Rumen Shiqin*). In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Jingyue authored the *Complete Classified Classic* (*Leijing Quanshu*) and three works including *Records of Doubts* (*Zhiyi Lu*). At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Luyu (also known as Zhang Shiwang) authored *Derivation of the Thousand Gold Formulas* (*Qianjin Fang Yanyi*) and *Medical General Principles* (*Yitong*). These are all excellent books that integrate past and present knowledge and are worthy of emulation and transmission. Although my ancestor held these four Zhangs in high esteem, he particularly enjoyed studying the works of Zhang Jingyue and Zhang Luyu. Consequently, he was more specialized in internal injury and miscellaneous diseases. This was likely due to his frequent consultations with Jin Shi'e in the city and Chen Nianyi from Xiafangqiao, both senior figures of that era, leading him to revere the Zhangs of the Ming and Qing dynasties. As for myself, I studied under Master Fan Kaizhou, specializing in the methods of Ye Tianshi. I meticulously studied and researched anything related to Ye's methods. Alas! I merely read ancestral books in vain, ashamed to have failed to uphold our family tradition. The divergence in medical practices brings deep sorrow, akin to the grief of wind and wood. If my ancestor's spirit were present, he would surely blame me for deviating from the right path.
[Commentary by Rongzhai] This chapter is divided into six sections: (1) Diaphoretic Agents (Sweating agents), (2) Harmonizing Agents, (3) Purgative Agents, (4) Warming Agents, (5) Cooling Agents, (6) Tonifying Agents. In the original text, Tonifying Agents were listed fifth and Cooling Agents sixth. According to Zhang Jiabin's (Zhang Jingyue's) approximate laws for cold damage, the methods are "Sweating," "Vomiting," "Purging," "Warming," "Cooling," and "Tonifying." Mr. Yu modified the Vomiting method to the Harmonizing method to better suit practical application. However, the sequence of the Six Methods (not the order of usage), prioritizing Cooling before Tonifying, is unquestionable; here we reverse this order. The "Sweating Method" eliminates pathogens through sweat glands, and the "Purging Method" eliminates pathogens through feces; both methods focus on expelling disease toxins as their primary principle. The "Warming Method" maintains the metabolic activity of bodily cells, while the "Cooling Method" suppresses hyperthermia; these two methods are symptomatic treatments rather than those aimed directly at eliminating the disease. The "Harmonizing Method" coordinates the internal environment of the body, thereby enhancing the efficacy of sweating, purging, warming, cooling, and tonifying. The "Tonifying Method" can be divided into two types: one is Yin-nourishing, referring to substances that regulate circulation, supply raw materials for hematopoiesis, promote oxidative metabolism, or increase nutritional components, possessing strong flavors without irritation or aromaticity, corresponding to modern nourishing and strengthening agents; the other is Yang-restoring, referring to substances that revive declining functions, stimulate nerves, and restore normal vitality to various parts of the body, corresponding to modern excitatory and strengthening agents. These six standard methods implicitly align with the Six Channels in Mr. Yu's work. As for the "Ten Auxiliary Methods," they are scattered throughout the therapeutic sections of this book. The phrase "examine symptoms according to channels and establish formulas based on syndromes" implies that the scope is not limited to ten methods but encompasses the Ten Categories (Decoctions): Dispersing, Unblocking, Tonifying, Draining, Sliding, Astringing, Drying, Moistening, Cooling, and Heating. Cheng Zhongling's Eight Methods of Medicine—Sweating, Vomiting, Purging, Harmonizing, Warming, Cooling, Tonifying, and Reducing—effectively balance constancy with flexibility, providing us with rules for adaptable application. These are appended after the formulas in each section of this chapter for reference.